初中英语语法之十六 定语从句.doc

定语从句的用法和精练
一、定语从句的概念
    在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
    二、定语从句的关系词
    引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
    三、定语从句的分类
    根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
    四、关系代词的用法
    1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
    The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
    2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
    The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
    The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
    3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
    The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
    Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
    注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
    This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
    This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
    (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
    The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
    (4)关系词只能用that的情况:
    a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
    He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
    b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
    Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
    c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
    This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
    d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
    I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
    e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
    Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
    f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
    There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
    (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
    a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
    What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
    b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
    This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
    c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
    Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
    五、关系副词的用法
    (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
    This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
    (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
    This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
    (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
    Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
  随堂练习
I.单项填空。
    1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
    -Yes, he’s our headmaster.
    A. he B. who C. which D. whom
    2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
    A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
    3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
    A. where B. which C. that D. it
    4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
    A. that you bought B. you bought it
    C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
    5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
    A. which agrees B. who agree
    C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
    A. that B. it C. which who
    7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
    A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
    8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
    A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
    9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
    A. that B. which C. where D. who
    10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
    A. in that we live B. on which we live
    C. where we live in D. we live in
    Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
    1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
    2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
    3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
    4. The house _____we live in is very old.
    5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
  答案：CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom .
巩固练习
一、用适当的关系词填空：
1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________   we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.　
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_ _____live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago ____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very novel about_ ___we've talked so much.
19. This is the way ____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother ____you didn't like?
23. He lives in the room_ ___window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window _____faces to the south.
25. This is Mr. John for_ ___son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for _____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour _____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year ______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
二单选
1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure. A. which    B. what   C. as      D. those
2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that  B. where  C. in which  D. the one
3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
  A. that  B. where C. which   D. the one
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that  B. where C. which D. the one
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
     A. that       B. where        C. in which      D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
     A. at which    B. on that       C. in which      D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
   A. how you have observed  B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because  B. why C. that  D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which    B. that   C. all that  D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
     A. whose     B. of which       C. in which      D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as   B. that   C. which D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
     A. which     B. it        C. that    D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.
  A. which      B. whom   C. who    D. that
14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
  A. who is singing     B. is singing      C. sang   D. was singing
15. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
  A. learn       B. who     C. that learns    D. who learn
16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.
 A. that  against       B. that  against    C. who is against    D. who are against
17. Didn’t you see the man ________?
    A. I nodded just now       B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now      D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?
    A. that you talked    B. you talked about it C. which you talked with  D. you talked about
19. Is there anything _______ to you?
  A. that is belonged        B. that belongs C. that belong     D. which belongs
20. ---- “How do you like the book?  ---- “It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”
     A. that         B. which       C. the one     D. the one what
21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _______ who had already taken them.
     A. the ones     B. ones   C. some      D. the others
22. The train _______ she was travelling was late.   A. which  B. where  C. on which  D. in that
23. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.
     A. where        B. in which       C. under which    D. which
24. Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
     A. which         B. where   C. that    D. about which
25. It’s the third time _______ late this month.
     A. that you arrived       B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived    D. when you’ve arrived
26. It was in 1969 _______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
 A. that     B. which    C. when        D. in which
27. May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.
  A. which         B. when    C. on which    D. about which
28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and
some relatives. A. which    B. that     C. who   D. where
29. The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
     A. we stayed at      B. where we stayed at C. we stayed       D. in that we stayed
30. Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?
     A. in which       B. where       C. which       D. that
31. It is the Suez Canal _______ separates Asia ______ Africa.
     A. which, to       B. where, from C. that, from     D. that, with
32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _______ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.
   A. there    B. where        C. it        D. which
33. He is not ______ a fool _______.
     A. such, as he is looked    B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked     D. so, as he looks
34. Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal?
     A. which    B. what        C. why      D. for that
35. He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.
     A. that       B. as   C. who       D. what
36. He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.
     A. two of whom        B. both of whom C. both of which       D. all of whom
37. I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
     A. who is         B. who am       C. that is        D. what is
38. He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.
     A. who      B. that    C. from which    D. from whom
39. ---- Do you know the town at all?
--- No, this is the first time I ________ here.
  A. was    B. have been      C. came       D. am coming
40. I don’t like _______ you speak to her.
  A. the way         B. the way in that C. the way which        D. the way of which
41. The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
     A. about which     B. of which C. in which       D. for which
42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.
    A. would have    B. have had   C. had never had      D. had ever had
43. Do you know which hotel _______?
     A. she is staying       B. she is staying in C. is she staying      D. is she staying in
44. There is only one thing _______ I can do.
     A. what    B. that     C . all        D. which
45. Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?
     A. which         B. that   C. where    D. in that
46. I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.
     A. them    B. that   C. which    D. those
47. They were interested _______ you told them.
     A. in which    B. in that C. all that      D. in everything
48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much
help for knowing space.
     A. which we think it is B. which we think are of
C. of which we think is D. I think which is of
49. The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.
   A. come         B. came       C. coming        D. comes
50. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.
   A. which         B. who        C. that      D. /

答案
一：1. when   2. when  3. which   4. that/which   5. that6. where   7. that/which  8. where  9. which   10. where 11. where   12. which  13. when   14. that   15. that 
16. that   17. (that)  18. which    19. (that/in which)   20.that 21.that   22 that   23.whose    24. of which   25. whose 26. whom    27. when   28. that    29. that     30. where
二：1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD
31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC 46—50 CDBBC