资源描述
Unit 19 Language
知识清单
重
点
单
词
1.________ n. 缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在→________ adj. 缺席的；缺乏的；不存在的2．________ adj. 不省人事的；未意识到的；无意识的→________ n. 无意识；意识不清；人事不省3．________vt. 扎牢；系牢；束紧 →________ n. 纽扣；拉链→________n. 扣件；紧固件4．________ vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证；保证书→________n. 保证人；担保人5．________ vt. 校正；校准；调整；调节 vi. 适应→________n. 调节；校正；调整6．________ adj. 紧的；绷紧的；吝啬的 adv. 紧紧地→________adv. 紧紧地→________vt. (使)变紧7．________ vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬；使不好意思→________n. 窘迫；困惑；为难→________ adj. 使人尴尬的→________adj. 感到窘迫的；尴尬的8．________ int. 谢谢；再见；干杯→________ adj. 令人振奋的；令人欢欣鼓舞的→________adj. 高兴的；快乐的；兴高采烈的9．________ vt. 包围；环绕；围绕→________ adj. 周围的→________n. 周围的事物；环境10．________ vt. 通知；告知；向……报告→ ________n. 情报；资料；消息→________ adj. 见多识广的；了解情况的
重点短语
1.________ ________ (使)走在前面；进步；获得成功 2.________ ________ 流行起来；懂得；理解3.________ ________ ________ 未意识到 4.________ ________ 故意；有意
5.________ ________ 遵守；信守；坚持
6.________ ________ 花费；付出(时间等)；打断；插嘴；安装；正式提出；申请
7．________ ________ 如果；只要；倘若；条件是
8．________ ________________ ________ 简单地说
重点句式
1.If you saw a father patting his son on the back while_smiling_happily,_what would you think was going on?2．The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are_said_to have begun their decline when it was realized that...
核心语法
名词性从句
自我校对
重点单词：
1．absence; absent 2.be unconscious; unconsciousness 3.fasten; fastener; fastening 4.guarantee; guarantor
5．adjust; adjustment 6.tight; tightly; tighten 7.embarrass; embarrassment; embarrassing; embarrassed
8．cheers; cheering; cheerful 9.surround; surrounding; surroundings 10.inform; information; informed
重点短语：
1．get ahead 2.catch on 3.unconscious of 4.on purpose 5.keep to 6.put in 7.provided that 8.to put it simply
重点词汇探究
1．absence n．缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在
常与介词from连用。
in (during) one's absence / in (during) the absence of sb 当某人不在时
absence of mind 心不在焉；发呆
1)His long ________ raised fears about his safety. 他长期不在使得大家担心他的安全。
2)What was the real reason for your ________？ 你缺席的真正原因是什么？
3)We are ________ ________ ________ ________ experience. 我们缺乏经验。
【答案】 1)absence 2)absence 3)in the absence of
(1)完成句子
________ ________ ________ ________ the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。
【答案】 In the absence of
(2)名校押题
(2010山东省实验中学诊断性测试) The old man told the story with________of any humour, which made us disappointed.
A．appearance B．absence
C．sense D．emotion
【答案与解析】 B 考查名词。题意：老人讲故事缺乏幽默感，这让我们非常失望。appearance“外表；出现”； absence of humour“缺乏幽默感”； a sense of humour “幽默感”； emotion“情感”。
2．surround vt. 包围；围住；围绕；环绕；与……紧密相关
surround sb / sth (with sb / sth) (使某人/某物)包围某人/某物；围住某人/某物(尤指使之无法脱逃)
surround sth / sb (by / with sth) (常用于被动语态)包围或环绕某人/某物
surround oneself with 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
1)They have ________ the town with troops. 他们出动军队包围了这个镇。
2)Trees ________ the pond. 池塘四周绿树环抱。
3)The house ________ ________ ________ high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。
4)The new plan ________ ________ ________ much speculation. 新计划备受猜疑。
【答案】 1)surrounded 2)surround 3)was surrounded by 4)is surrounded by
(1)完成句子
David loved to ________ ________ ________ young people. 戴维很喜欢和年轻人在一起。
【答案】 surround himself with
(2)名校押题
(2011江苏南京调研)She has always been ________ with fashionable friends.
A．surrounded B．surveyed
C．suspected D．survived
【答案与解析】 A 考查动词。be surrounded with sb是surround oneself with sb 的被动形式，意为“被某人环绕着”。
3．adjust vt. & vi. 调整；调节；适应；习惯
adjust one's clock把钟表调准
adjust to (doing) sth 适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust oneself to sth 使某人自己适应某事
1)The brave guy determined to ________ ________ ________ the desert life in Africa soon.这个勇敢的小伙子决心使自己很快适应非洲沙漠的生活。
2)The new students slowly ________ ________ ________ the new life.新生们逐渐地适应了新生活。
【答案】 1)adjust himself to 2)adjusted themselves to
(1)完成句子
She ________ ________ ________ the new climate.她很快适应了新气候。
【答案】 adapted (herself) quickly to
(2)名校押题
(2010浙江八校联考)Over the years, we all learned to________ and to adapt to our new family arrangement.
A．adjust B．concern
C．combine D．declare
【答案与解析】 A 考查动词。题意：经过这些年以后，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了适应我们新的家庭规则。
4．embarrass vt. 使(某人)觉得不自然、忸怩、尴尬或害羞；使(某人)不安或焦虑
常跟sb作宾语或用于被动语态。
1)You didn't ________ me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难。
2)She dragged up that incident again just ________ ________ me. 她又扯起那件事故意让我难堪。
3)He ________ ________ ________ many debts. 他被很多债务弄得焦头烂额。
【答案】 1)embarrass 2)to embarrass 3)was embarrassed by
(1)完成句子
When I began to sing, he laughed, which made me ________.我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，这使我感到很尴尬。
【答案】 embarrassed
(2)名校押题
(2010江苏南京调研)It is ________ that our streets are so dirty.
A．embarrassment B．embarrassed
C．embarrassing D．embarrass
【答案与解析】 C 题意：我们的街道这么脏，真叫人难堪。此句中的It为形式主语， is后面要填形容词，且在此句中的含义是“令人难堪的”。
5．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜
congratulate sb on (doing) sth 因某事向某人道贺
congratulate yourself (on sth) (为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪
congratulation 为名词形式，意为“恭贺；祝贺”，一般用复数形式。
1) I ________ you ________ your great discovery.我祝贺你的伟大发现。
2)I want to ________ you with all my heart.我衷心地祝贺你。
【答案】 1)congratulate; on 2)congratulate
congratulate和celebrate
congratulate专指对个人经过努力获得的成功的祝贺，只以言语表达祝贺之意； celebrate指以行为(如送礼、开聚会等)来庆祝生日、节日等。congratulate的宾语一般是人，而celebrate的宾语一般是事件。
(1)完成句子
I think he expects to be ________ every time he does the washing up. 我觉得他期望每次做了大扫除都受表扬一番。
【答案】 congratulated
(2)名校押题
(2009山东)—John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
—Oh, ________！
A．cheer up B．well done
C．go ahead D．congratulations
【答案与解析】 D 考查交际用语。表示祝贺用congratulations。cheer up“高兴起来；振作起来”； well done“干得好”，表示夸赞； go ahead“开始吧”。
6．guarantee vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证；担保；保证金；抵押品
guard vt. 保卫；警卫 n. 警卫员；看守
guarantor n. 担保人；保证人
1)We cannot ________ the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather. 我们不能保证火车在雾天能正点到达。
2)An advanced degree is no ________ of a dream job. 拥有高学历并不能保证你会找到理想的工作。
【答案】 1)guarantee 2)guarantee
(1)完成句子
We ________ that you'll enjoy yourself. 我们包你玩得痛快。
【答案】 guarantee
(2)名校押题
(2010山东百所名校联考)If you send the application form in straight away, I can ________ you an interview.
A．guarantee B．conclude
C．evaluate D．assume
【答案与解析】 A 考查动词。guarantee “保证”； conclude“推断；结束”； evaluate“评价；评估”； assume“假定；认为；以为”。
7．inform vt. 通知；告知；熟悉 vi. (向警方)告发或检举
inform sb (of / about sth) 告知/检举某人某事
inform sb that 熟悉/了解/检举……
inform against / on sb告发某人
1)Please ________ me by letter of your plans. 请来信告诉我你的计划。
2)If you see anything suspicious, ________ the police at once. 你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。
3)All those who are immediately involved will ________ ________ ________ the decision. 这个决定将被通知给所有直接有关的人。
4)He ________ the police that some money was missing. 他向警方报案说钱不见了。
5)One of the criminals ________ ________ the rest of the gang. 有一罪犯告发了同党。
【答案】 1)inform 2)inform 3)be informed of 4)informed 5)informed against
(1)完成句子
I read the newspaper to keep myself ________ as to what is happening everywhere. 我看报纸让自己知道世界上发生了什么事。
【答案】 informed
(2)名校押题
(2010浙江省重点中学联考)I________of the decision until yesterday morning.
A．got informed B．didn't inform
C．wasn't informed D．was informed
【答案与解析】 C inform意为“通知；让某人知道”，为及物动词，其宾语为人，此处应该用被动式，即be / get informed；另外本句运用了not...until结构。
8．ensure vt. 确保；保证
ensure ＝ make sure “确保；保证” 其后可以跟 sth / that从句 / sb sth作宾语。
1)His ability will ________ him success.他的能力确保他会成功的。
2)I can ________ ________ the work shall be done on time.我可以保证工作会按时完成。
【答案】 1)ensure 2)ensure that
(1)完成句子
The role of the police is ________ ________the law is obeyed. 警察的作用就是保证人们遵守法律。
【答案】 to ensure
(2)名校押题
(2010海南重点中学联考)To ________ the child's quick recovery, many doctors and nurses took turns in looking after him day and night.
A．approach B．require
C．ensure D．promise
【答案与解析】 C 考查动词。ensure ＝ make sure about / of “确保；保证”。
重点短语探究
1．get ahead (使)走在前面；取得进步；获得成功
get about / around / round (消息、谣言等)传播；流传
get (sth) across (to sb)(使某事)传播或为人理解
get along with sb 与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处
get sth back 失而复得；重新得到
get over sth 克服；战胜；掌握
get through 用完；消耗掉(一定量的某物)；(设法)做或完成某事；接通电话
get (sb) through (sth)(帮助某人)(考试、测验等)及格
1)The car behind wants to ________ ________ ________ us. 后面那辆车想超过我们。
2)By doing extra homework, he soon ________ ________ ________ his classmates. 他靠多做家庭作业，很快在班上名列前茅。
3)I've ________ ________ ________ my work. 我的工作已经有进展了。
【答案】 1)get ahead of 2)got ahead of 3)got ahead with
(1)完成句子
He always tries to ________ ________ ________ others in everything. 他总是试图处处领先他人。
【答案】 get ahead of
(2)名校押题
(2011黄冈中学高三一模)I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ________.
A．get along B．get on
C．get to D．get through
【答案与解析】 D 考查动词短语。get along和get on都意为“相处；进展”； get to“到达”； get through“打通电话”。
2．on purpose 有意地；故意地
同义短语：by design
反义短语：by accident / chance
on purpose有意地；故意地
to the purpose 中肯
to no purpose 无效；没有作用
for the purpose of 为了……
1)What is the ________ of the meeting? 会议的目的是什么？
2)If you joke with him he'll think you are insulting him ________ ________. 如果你和他开玩笑，他会认为你在有意羞辱他。
【答案】 1)purpose 2)on purpose
(1)完成句子
1)He has left his book here________ ________， so that you can read it. 他故意把书留在这里以便你能读一读。
2)He spoke nothing ________ ________ ________. 他说的一点都不得要领。
3)All my effort were ________ ________ ________ . 我所有的努力都付之东流了。
4)I came to Brighton ________ ________ ________ ________ seeing you. 我到布赖顿是特地来看你的。
【答案】 1)on purpose 2)to the purpose 3)to no purpose 4)for the purpose of
(2)名校押题
(2011山东省实验中学模拟)Forgive him, please. I don't think he broke your mirror________.
A．with care B．on purpose
C．for fun D．with aim
【答案与解析】 B 题意：请原谅他吧，我认为他不是故意把你的镜子打碎的。
3．catch on 流行起来；受欢迎；懂得；理解
be caught in (the rain, a trap) 遇雨；陷入(圈套)
catch at 试图一把抓住
catch someone doing sth 撞上/发现某人在做某事
catch up with 追上；赶上
1)It is a nice song and I think it will ________ ________ quickly. 这首歌很好，我想它很快会流行起来。
2)He's always the last to ________ ________. 他总是最后一个弄明白。
3)After a few days on the job, you'll ________ ________ ________ what you're doing. 工作几天后，你就会对你的工作内容有所了解了。
4)The lady repeated her question several times but I still couldn't ________ ________. 那位女士把她的问题重复了好几遍，但我还是没有听懂。
【答案】 1)catch on 2)catch on 3)catch on to
4)catch on
(1)完成句子
He invented a new game, but it never really ________ ________. 他发明了一种新的游戏，但从未真正流行起来。
【答案】 caught on
(2)名校押题
(2010吉林省实验中学月考) It took me a long time to ________ the directions on the machine.
A．catch on to B．catch up with
C．turn to D．refer to
【答案与解析】 A 考查动词短语。题意：我花了很长时间才看懂机器上的说明。 catch on to“懂得；理解”； catch up with“追上；赶上”； turn to“转向；求助于”； refer to“查阅；参考”。
4．keep to 固守；遵守；坚持； 待在某处； 靠向；使不偏离；限制在(某话题、某范围内)
keep at 继续做
keep back 阻止；控制；隐瞒；扣留；延迟
keep off 避开；不吃；不喝；勿走近；阻止
keep on 继续
keep out 留在外面；使不进入
keep up 保持；持续
keep up with 跟上；不落后
keep away from 不靠近；远离
keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep sth in mind 记住某事
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
1)He always ________ ________ his promises. 他总是坚守诺言。
2)He still ________ ________ his first resolution. 他仍坚持他最初的决定。
3)He has decided to ________ ________ his bed. 他决定卧床。
4)The weather is so terrible that most people are forced to ________ ________ the house. 天气太糟糕了，大多数人都被迫待在家里。
5)In China, traffic ________ ________ the right. 在中国，车辆是靠右行驶的。
【答案】 1)keeps to 2)keeps to 3)keep to 4)keep to 5)keeps to
(1)完成句子
Let's ________ ________ the subject since we don't have much time. 我们不要离题，因为我们时间不多了。
【答案】 keep to
(2)名校押题
(2010山东省百所重点中学联考)No matter what you say, I shall ________ my plan.
A．carry on B．keep up
C．put on D．keep to
【答案与解析】 D 考查动词短语。题意：无论你说什么，我都坚持我的计划。carry on “继续”； keep up “保持；继续”； put on “增加；穿戴”； keep to “遵守；信守；坚持”。
5．provided that 如果；只要；倘若；条件是
provided that 为连词短语，相当于providing that / supposing that。上述三个短语中的that均可省略。
on condition that 如果；只要
so / as long as 只要；如果
1)I will go, ________ ________ you go too. 你也去的话我就去。
2)We shall go ________ the weather is fine. 只要天晴， 我们就去。
3)________ ________ circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week. 只要情况允许，我们下周就举行会议。
4)I will agree to go ________ (that) my expenses are paid. 假如不要我负担费用， 我就同意去。
【答案】 1)provided / providing / supposing that
2)provided / providing / supposing 3)Provided / Providing / Supposing that 4)provided / providing / supposing
(1)单项填空
You may use my kitchen as you like ________ you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
【答案与解析】 B 考查连词短语。so / as far as“和……一样远；就……而言”； so / as long as表示条件，意为“只要”； in case“以防”； even if表示让步，意为“即使”。
(2)名校押题
(2011天津十校联考)Mary's parents don't mind what job she does ________ she is happy.
A．even though B．as soon as
C．as long as D．as though
【答案与解析】 C 考查连词短语。even though“即使”； as soon as“一……就”； as long as“只要”； as though“好像；似乎”。
重点句型探究
1. If you saw a father patting his son on the back
while smiling happily, what would you think was going on?
如果你看到一位父亲高兴地微笑着轻拍他儿子的背，你认为发生
了什么事？
(1)pat ＋ sb ＋ on ＋ the ＋身体的部位
(2)strike / hit / beat ＋ sb ＋ in / on / by ＋ the ＋身体的部位
(3)grasp / catch / lead sb / sth ＋ by ＋ the ＋ 部位词
(4)．..what would you think was going on? 此句为混合型特
殊疑问句，其句型结构为“特殊疑问词＋插入语＋陈述句句式”。
注意：打较坚硬的部位一般用on，较软部位用in。
【仿写】
她紧紧抓住小男孩的手。
______________________________________________________
【答案】 She grasped the boy by the hand.
1)The headmaster ________ the pupil ________ ________ ________. 校长轻轻地拍了拍那个学生的肩膀。
2)What ________ ________ ________ they are up to now? 你猜他们现在在干什么？
3)Where ________ ________ ________ the meeting will be held? 你认为会议将在哪里举行？
【答案】 1)patted; on the shoulder 2)do you think
3)do you suppose
(1)完成句子
He hit me________the nose. 他打了我的鼻子。
【答案】 on
(2)名校押题
(2010海南四校联考)________ apple fell from the tree and hit a passer－by right on ________ head.
A．An; the B．The; the
C．An; 不填 D．The; 不填
【答案与解析】 A 考查冠词。前面是泛指一个苹果，故用不定冠词an；后面考查句型“hit sb on the ＋ 身体的部位”，故用定冠词the。
2．The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline... 据说加拉帕戈斯龟的数量已开始变少……
本句用了“sb / sth ＋be ＋said / believed / reported ＋ to do sth / be doing sth / have done sth” 这一句型，该句型意为“据说某人/某物……”。
【仿写】
据说玛丽这些日子在写一部新的小说。________________________________________________________
【答案】 Mary is said to be writing a new novel these days.
1)The fox ________ ________ to be very sly. 据说狐狸很狡猾。
2)He ________ ________ ________ ________ the founder of modern astronomy. 他被誉为现代天文学的奠基人。
【答案】 1)is said 2)is said to be
(1)单项填空
(2011南京调研)It is ________ that his proposals are theoretically correct but practically impossible.
A．said B．to say
C．saying D．being said
【答案与解析】 A 本题考查固定句型“It is / was said that...”。
(2)名校押题
(2010杭州七校联考)The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Wang Meng, who was reported ________ the world record in women's 500m short track speed skating.
A．breaking B．having broken
C．to have broken D．to break
【答案与解析】 C 考查句型“sb / sth ＋ be believed / reported...＋ to do / to be doing / to have done”。根据题意可知“王蒙打破纪录”这一动作已发生，故用动词不定式的完成时。
高考真题探究
1．(2010 安徽，35)—________？
—That would be great! Please drop me off at the library.
A．Could you bring me the bill
B．Would you like me to give you a lift
C．Could y
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