必修9 unit 2 单词.doc

Unit 2
Words
1. mercy n. 宽恕，怜悯
at the mercy of 任由…摆布；在…面前无助
They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. 他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。
I don’t like to be at the mercy of such a man. 我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。
have mercy on/ show mercy to 对……表示怜悯
The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。
without mercy 毫不留情地
The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院
It’s a mercy (that) (口)幸运的是,幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)
It’s a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。
It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。
2. minimum adj. 最小的，最低的n. 最小值, 最小化。
其反义词为maximum (max) adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大
keep/reduce sth. to a minimum 将某物保持在/降低到最低限度
3. horizon n. 地平线（the） 视野(s)
The setting sun disappeared below the horizon.
The series of talks is intended to broad our horizons.
4. nowhere adv.无处, 到处都无
该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。
I have no job and nowhere to live.我没工作，也没地方住。
Nowhere could I see him.我哪儿也看不到他
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ such a beautiful palace.
A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
5. offshore adj./adv.向海面吹的, 离岸的, 海面上的, 海上/下作业的
offshore workers 海上作业的工人
offshore bank/company/investment境外银行/公司/投资
offshore wind/current 从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流
The storm moved offshore. 风暴离岸移动。
A boat moored offshore. 船在近海下锚。
6. knot n.(绳等的)结, (树的)节; 船速,＝海里/小时 v.打结
He tied his belt with a knot. 他把带子打了个结。
The wire is too stiff to knot easily. 这根铁丝太硬了, 不容易打结。
7. magnetic adj. 磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的 magnet n. 磁体, 磁铁
a magnetic recorder 磁录音机
a magnetic compass bearing可分辨磁极方向的罗盘
a magnetic person 有魅力的人
The iron has lost its magnetic force.这铁已失去磁力
8. random n. 随意, 任意 adj. 任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的
make a random choice 任意选择
at random = aimlessly; without any plan 随机，随便
9. reference n.提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人)
At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。
These are reference books for teachers.这些是教师参考书。
refer v.提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询
The teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。
Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。
Don’t refer to it again.别再提那件事。
10. precise adj. 精确的, 准确的A lawyer needs a precise mind.
precision n. 精确(性), 精密(度) A camera is an instrument of precision.
11. simplify vt. 单一化, 简单化The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.
simple adj. 简单的His father lived a simple life in the country.
12. portable adj. 轻便的, 手提(式)的, 便携式的
a portable typewriter 提式打字机 a portable generator 便携式发电机
13. update v. 使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新 n. 现代化, 更新
updated adj. 最新的，现代化的，适时的an updated and revised edition最新修订本
14. tendency n. 趋向, 倾向
have a tendency to do sth./for sth. 倾向于做某事，往往会做某事
Jean’s nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.
15. reliable adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的
rely v.依赖, 依靠, 信赖, 信任, 依赖于
reliability n.可靠性
16. departure n.离开，出发It is time to take our departure.
Depart v. 离开，出发 The train will depart from platform 6 in five minutes.
Departed adj. 过去的， 已逝的
17. tear tore torn v. 扯破， 撕碎She tore his letter in pieces.
This materials tears easily.
An old torn dress
Warming up and Reading
一、Pre-reading:
1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?
2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?
work out
① 计算②设法弄懂③ 精心制定出，安排
⑴ See if you can work out this bill out.
⑵ The plot is so complicated that it’ll take you a while to work it out.
⑶ I can’t work out Geoff ; one day he’s friendly ,the next day he ignores me completely.
⑷ I haven’t worked out who’s gong to look after the kids tonight.
3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used?
1) compass ( in ancient China) 2) astrolabe 3) sextant 4) sea / nautical / marine chart
identify vt.把…等同于;认出,鉴定, 认为同一
I identified the jacket at once；it was my brother’s．
He identifies beauty with goodness．
identify oneself with 与……有联系,支持
He preferred not to identify himself with that group.
identification n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一
identity n.　　同一性, 身份, 一致, 特性, 恒等式 identity card 身份证
4. Which ones do you think are still used today?
二、While- reading:
1. 1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1) What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( )
What is the use of a compass? ( )
A. To set the course of the ship B. To measure the position of the ship
C. To measure the speed of the ship D. To tell the time
2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?
3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?
2. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:
What skills would you seek in your sailors?
1. )To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used _____________________________
2.) A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _ __________.
3.) Sailors used _to increase their speed.
There were two methods to find longitude:
1)_______________________ 2)_
三、Language points:
1. We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.
① may/might well 很可能，极有可能
These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.
这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。
You might well find that you’ll need more by the weekend.
到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。
② 主语+think／feel／make／consider…+it +n.／adj.+ for／of sb. to do…
其中it为形式宾语，for／of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。
I think it important for him to learn English well．我认为学好英语对他很重要。
I have made it clear that I object to the plan. 我已经表明我反对这个计划。
2. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.
17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。
①　voyage n./ vi. 航海, 航行
The voyage from England to India used to take six months.
go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行
voyager n.航行者, 航海者
②even though = even if 虽然,即使 引导让步状语从句
A.引导把握不大或假设的事情
Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.
即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲
B.引出事实
Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.
他虽然迟到了，也没有挨老师的批评。
4. There is a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close by.
indicate vt. 指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明
I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.
我问他姐姐在哪儿, 他朝对面的商店指了一下。
I indicated that his help was not welcome.我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。
close adj. ①near in space or time 空间上或时间上靠近的
②likely 可能的 ③careful 小心的
close to death 离死亡不远
take a close look at sth.严密注意某物
keep a close watch/eye on仔细地看
The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.两国即将签署和平协议。
5. involve vt. 包括，使陷于,使参与，影响
Don’t involve other people in your mistakes. 别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。
The matter is serious because it involves your reputation.这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。
6. direction n.方向;指导;趋势 (常用复数)指示, 用法, 说明(书), 收件人地址
Full directions inside. 内附详细说明书。
in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方
follow one’s directions 遵照某人的指示
In which direction are you going, north or south?你准备朝哪个方向走？向北还是向南？
This team is under my direction.这个小队由我指挥。
Grammar: Predicate 谓语
Step1.Revision. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 那小孩给那位老人5个苹果交换5只鸡蛋。 （ in exchange for）
2. 他决定第二天起航去伦敦。 （set sail for/to ）
3. Tom 不关心功课，结果所有考试都失败了。（ in return ）
4. 众所周知，香港是1997年回归祖国的。 （ It is well known that……）
5. 北京是2008年奥运会举办地。　　　　（ where ）
Step2.Presentation
　及物动词（ 带宾语 ）learn, ask 等
不及物动词 （ 不带宾语 ）come, go 等
行为动词 持续性动词 sleep, work 等
非持续性动词 start, marry 等
1 动词
be动词am is are was, were
系动词 表示人或事物的特征，状态和变化feel, grow, fall等
表示某种状态的延续性stay, stand 等
助动词do, does, did, have, has, shall, will, would 等
情态动词： can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, need, dare, ought to等
2.动词的五种基本形式: 原形动词, 第三人称单数现在式, 过去式, 现在分词, 过去分词。
3.动词的时态: 一般现在时; 一般过去时; 进行时 (现在进行时和过去进行时); 完成时(现在完成时和过去完成时); 将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)
4.动词的语态: 主动语态和被动语态
Step3 Exercises.
1 -He came early this morning, didn't he?
-Yes, he did. He often___ to school early. 
A. come B. comes C. came D. has come
2 Ann ____ her hair every week.
A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing
3 They usually_____TV in the evening.
A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches
4 The sun ___ in the east and___ in the west.
A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set
5 Miss Gao___ English on the radio every morning.
A. had studied B. studies C. study D. studied
6 Our teacher will return by the time school
A. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins
历年考题中的动词时态和语态
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.  
8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him _____ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.
Step4 Consolidation.
Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.
1. ___________________ ( 生活就会变得更加美好)when we listen to each other.
2.We _______________(取得了很大的进步) in the past year.
3.When I _________ ( 学习 )in the university, I ________(读书) in the morning.
4.He __________________ (做作业) from seven to nine last night.
5. The train _______________( 离开 ) before we got to the station.
6. He ___________________ (一定去过那里) before.
Using language
解释下列句子：
1.  I am proud to have sailed with Captain Bligh on his journey of over 40 days through about 4,000miles in an open boat across the Pacific Ocean in 1789.

2. On our departure from Tahiti, some of the crew took over the ship.

3. But who else was to go with him?

4. As dusk fell, we seemed to face an uncertain future.

5. Our daily food was shared equally among us all: one piece of bread and one cup of water

6. He kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst.

7. We were the heroes who had escaped the jaws of death by completing the greatest navigational feat of all time

练习
第一节：单项选择（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21．---What's the matter, doctor?
---Nothing serious． Take this medicine according to the ____, and you'll get better soon．
A． introductions B． explanations C． advice D． directions
22．He was robbed last night, but he didn’t have much on him then．
A． fortunately B． eventually C． certainly D． surprisingly
23．As teachers and students, we need to ______ our old ideas and prejudices and learn to be more _________ in both our teaching and study．
A． put away; flexible B. put out; clever C. put down; clever D． put aside; flexible
24．Those small islands in the Pacific Ocean _______ most of the people of the country．
A． are located in B． live in C． are home to D． are native to
25．The sports meet, originally_____be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather．
A． due to B． thanks to C． owing to D． according to
26．The impact of the internet __ the life of the young people should be _____ enough attention to．
A． in; brought B． on; paid C． to; attracted D． for; captured
27．_______ surprises us most is that she doesn’t even know _______ the difference between the two opinions lies．
A． It; which B． What; what C． What; where D． That; where
28．All the Chinese people were expecting the government’s four-thousand-billion financial plan ______ around the country soon, ____ to improve the poor economic situations．
A． carried out; intending B． being carried out; intended
C． to be carried out; intending D． to be carried out; intended
29．---That boy enjoys dancing very much．
---_________, I have never seen anyone else that is as enthusiastic about dancing as he is．
A． As long as I have traveled B． Traveled so much as I have
C． As I have traveled so much 　 D． Much as I have traveled
30． ---I didn't take notes at yesterday's meeting because I had left my pen at home．
----You _________ mine． I ________ it．
A． must have borrowed; wasn't using B． may have borrowed; wasn't using
C． should have borrowed; hadn't used D． could have borrowed; wasn't using
31．-------What do you think of the music teacher?
-------____________she is an elegant lady, she can be extremely difficult to work with．
A． While B． When C． Even if D． As
32．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad．
A． Attend B． To attend C． Attending D． Having attended
33．Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with __ of their parents．
A． those B． one C． both D． that
34．She may have missed the train, ________ she won't arrive for another hour．
A． in which case B． in her case C． in any case D． in that case
35． --- What' s the matter with Della?
--- Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still __
A． hopes to B． hopes so C． hopes not D． hopes for
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Love of a Lifetime
Once upon a time a teacher and his student___36___down under the big tree near the big___37___ area． Then suddenly the student asked the teacher． "Teacher, I'm confused, how do we find our___38___mate? Can you please help me?"
___39___for a few seconds, the teacher then answered, "Well, it's a pretty___40___but an easy question．" The teacher___41___, "Look that way, there is a lot of grass, why don't you walk there? Please don't walk___42___, just walk straight ahead． ___43___the way, try to find a blade of ___