2022-2023年高中英语基本知识过关训练.docx

2022-2023年高中英语基本知识过关训练1单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of _ are his classmates.AthemBthatCwhomDwhich答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意：彼得邀请了30多人来参加他的生日聚会，其中大多数是他的同学。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词people，作介词of的宾语，指人，应用whom。故选C。2、It was in the meeting room on the second floor _ he lost his dictionary _ he had bought the week before.Awhere; thatBwhere; whichCthat; whereDthat; 不填答案：D解析：考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：就是在二楼的会议室里，他丢了他上星期买的字典。第一空，强调句型的基本句型是：It is/was +被强调部分+that +句子其他成分，此处对地点状语进行强调，空处需填 that；第二空，空处引导定语从句，先行词dictionary，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that, which 引导或不填。故选D。3、Daisy doesnt have a talent for music, but she _ it with hard work.Amake forBmake up ofCmake upDmake up for答案：D解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：黛西没有音乐天赋，但她通过努力弥补了这一点。A. make for有利于；B. make up of组成；C. make up化妆；D. make up for弥补。句子强调她用努力来弥补她没天赋这一缺点。故选D。4、It is likely to come across some unique animals which are unfamiliar _ the scientists when they explore the Amazon Jungle.AtoBwithCforDof答案：A解析：考查固定短语和介词。句意：当科学家们探索亚马逊丛林时，很可能会遇到一些他们不熟悉的独特动物。which指代的是先行词animals，sth./sb. be unfamiliar to sb.意为“某物/某人对某人来说是不熟悉的”，因此空格处是介词to，故选A。5、On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would _be blown away.AinsteadBotherwiseCnonethelessDeven答案：B解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：刮风的时候，我们必须把纸压在桌子上，否则纸会被吹走。A. instead反而；B. otherwise否则；C. nonetheless尽管如此；D. even甚至。根据“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk,”可知，如果不把纸压在桌子上就会被风吹走。otherwise作副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or或 if not。故选B。6、After a short break, they_their discussion, hoping to reach an agreement.Aaccounted forBended upCwent afterDcarried on答案：D解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在经过短暂的休息之后，他们继续进行讨论，希望能够达成一致协议。A. account for解释，占据（比例）；B. end up结束；C. go after追逐，追求；D. carry on继续。根据横线后的“their discussion”可知，他们要继续进行讨论。故选D项。7、She is _ that her son wont listen to any suggestions.AannoyingBannoyedCanoyedDannoy答案：B解析：考查形容词。句意：她儿子不听任何建议，她很生气。A. annoying令人生气的；B. annoyed感到生气的；C. anoyed拼写错误；D. annoy生气。此处形容词作表语，修饰主语She的状态，故选B。8、This disease spread around the world at an _ rate at that time, which _ us greatly.Aalarming, had alarmedBalarmed, alarmsCalarming, alarmedDalarmed, alarmed答案：C解析：考查形容词和时态。句意：这种疾病当时在世界各地以惊人的速度传播，这使我们大为震惊。第一空用形容词作定语，修饰名词rate，alarm的形容词是alarming，意为“惊人的”，因此第一空是alarming；第二空是定语从句的谓语动词，由at that time可知，时态是一般过去时，第二空是过去式alarmed，意为“使惊恐”，故选C。9、_ online photo editing indicates a lack of confidence.AObsessiveBExpressiveCAppreciativeDInnovative答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沉迷于在线编辑照片表明缺乏自信。A. Obsessive沉迷的；B. Expressive富有表现力的；C. Appreciative感激的；D. Innovative创新的，革新的。根据后文“a lack of confidence”和常识可知，沉迷于在线编辑照片是缺乏自信的表现。故选A。10、It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk.Aa lovely dayBtoo lovely a dayCso lovely a dayDsuch lovely a day答案：C解析：考查too、so、such的区别、固定句型。句意：天气真好，我们想出去散步。根据句意和后文“that wed like to go out for a walk”可知，本句应用sothat或suchthat句型，排除AB两项；so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，such是形容词，用来修饰名词，“so+形容词+a+单数名词+that”是正确表达。故选C项。11、Now a book has been published which confirms _ pessimists have suspected all along.AwhatBwhichCwhetherDwhen答案：A解析：考查宾语从句。句意：现在已经出版了一本书，它证实了悲观主义者一直以来的怀疑。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作confirm的宾语，从句缺少宾语，表示“的（东西等）”，用连接词what，故选A。 12、_ we know, plants and animals are important to us.AWhenBAsCThatDWho答案：B解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如我们所知，植物和动物对我们很重要。引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”应用as。故选B。13、Great discoveries _ in space exploration in the last few decades.Awere madeBhave madeCare madeDhave been made答案：D解析：考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，在太空探索中有了重大的发现。由时间状语“in the last few decades”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；动词make和主语discoveries之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选D。14、It is important to keep yourself physically and mentally healthy, especially in such a_ and_ society.Acompetitive；stressedBcompetent；stressedCcompetitive；stressfulDcompetent；stressful答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保持身心健康是很重要的，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力很大的社会。第一空，competitive竞争的，有竞争性的；competent能干的，能胜任的；表示“竞争激烈的社会”应用competitive；第二空stressed紧张的，用于修饰人；stressful有压力的，压力大的。修饰society应用stressful。故选C。15、Teachers should try to create an atmosphere _ students can enjoy learning.AwhichBwhenCwhereDthat答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意：教师应该努力营造一种学生可以享受学习的氛围。分析句子，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句。故选C项。16、_ my head had cleared, my brain was beginning to function much better.ANow thatBAlthoughCDue toDDespite答案：A解析：考查连词。句意：由于我的头脑清醒了，我的大脑开始运转得更好了。A. now that 既然；由于；B. although conj. 虽然；C. due to 由于；因为；D. despite prep. 尽管，虽然。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要连词，表示“因为，由于”的意思，引导原因状语从句。C选项的是介词短语。故选A。17、He wrote five novels, three of _ were translated into Spanish.AwhomBthemCwhichDthat答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意：他写了五部小说，其中三部被翻译成西班牙语。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词novels，作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故选C。18、Two thirds of the people _ lived there were dead or injured.AthatBwhichCwhoDwhere答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意：住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词people是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故选C。19、Now many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, _ in the village.Awhose; are taken good care ofBtheir; well cared forCof whom; taking good care ofDof whom; well caring for答案：A解析：考查定语从句关系词和时态语态。句意：现在，许多父母外出在大城市打工的孩子在村里得到了很好的照顾。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词为children，在从句中作定语，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导；第二空是主句的谓语部分，由句意可知，本句在陈述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，谓语表示的动作与主语children之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。综上，故选A。20、Pollution is a serious problem , which _ for our great concern .AcallsBcalledCis callingDhas called答案：A解析：考查时态。句意：污染是一个严重的问题，这问题需要我们高度关注。此处涉及动词短语call for，意为“需要”。分析句子结构可知，前半句为主语，后半句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为problem，在从句中作主语，根据主句时态，陈述客观事实，从句也用一般现在时态，主语为单数，故用calls。故选A项。21、Social media tools let us see _our friends are up to and maintain friendships.AwhatBwhereCwhenDwhich答案：A解析：考查宾语从句。句意：社交媒体工具让我们看到我们的朋友在做什么并维持友谊。A. what 什么；B. where 哪里；C. when 何时；D. which 哪一个。根据句子结构和意思可知，_our friends are up to是及物动词see的宾语从句，从句中缺少介词to的宾语，需要“什么”的意思。故选A。22、Make sure that all the lights_when you leave.Awill turn offBwill be turned offCare turned offDturn off答案：C解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：你离开时要确保所有的灯都关了。分析句子可知，此处应该用一般现在时；主语all the lights和谓语动词turn off之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故选C。小提示：23、The two girls kept talking in the room _ their mothers said goodbye to each other.AwhenBunlessCwhileDuntil答案：D解析：考查连接词词义辨析。句意：两个女孩在房间里不停地说话，直到她们的母亲互相告别。A.when当.的时候；B.unless除非；C.while当的时候；D.until直到。由“kept talking in the room”和“their mothers said goodbye to each other”可知，句子表示“两个女孩在房间里不停地说话，直到她们的母亲互相告别”，因此空格处是“直到”，故选D。24、Of all the difficulties, how to protect the delicate ecosystem was _.Ato our great surpriseBunder a massive threatCin great disappointmentDamong the top concerns答案：D解析：考查固定短语辨析。句意：在所有的困难中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是首要考虑的问题之一。A. to our great surprise让我们非常惊讶的是；B. under a massive threat在巨大的威胁下；C. in great disappointment非常失望；D. among the top concerns最令人关注的问题。结合上文“Of all the difficulties, how to protect the delicate ecosystem was”可知，表示在所有的困难中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是首要考虑的问题，应用among the top concerns。故选D。25、He _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday.Adidnt go; until; withBwasnt go; after; toCdoesnt go; before; withDdidnt go; until; to答案：A解析：考查时态，固定句型和固定短语。句意：他昨天直到她对他的回答感到满意才回家。go home“回家”，go与主语和是主动关系，表否定句用助动词do的形式，由yesterday可知，用一般过去时，故用didnt。表示“直到才”应用notuntil；表示“对满意”短语为be satisfied with。故选A。根据首字母填写单词(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)26、Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to a_ the festival, just as their ancestors had done for centuries. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：attend#ttend解析：考查不定式。句意：Burin告诉我，蒙古人每年都从四面八方赶来参加这个节日，就像他们的祖先几个世纪以来所做的那样。由“travel every year from near and far”可知，蒙古人每年都从四面八方赶来参加这个节日，空格处意为“参加”，由首字母提示a可知，是attend，空格处用不定式表目的，空格前有to，因此空格处用动词原形，故填attend。27、Soldiers, policemen, personnel from local search and r_ office and from disaster agency along with volunteers have been involved in the work. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：rescue#escue解析：考查名词。句意：士兵，警察和来自于当地搜救办公室和灾难救援机构的所有员工，还有志愿者们都投入到了工作中。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要“营救，救援”的意思对应的名词和前面的名词search 一起并列做定语修饰后面的名词office，用单数形式。故填rescue。28、Many people thought she didnt live up to Helens title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing opinions of the movie to some e_.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：extent#xtent解析：考查名词。句意：很多人认为她辜负了海伦“世上最美女性”的称号，因此在某种程度上影响了大家对这部电影的看法。to some extent在某种程度上。结合首字母提示及句意，故填extent。29、It attracts millions of d_ and foreign visitors each year. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：domestic#omestic解析：考查形容词。句意：它每年都会吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。And是并列连词，并列成分的词性需一致，故设空处与foreign一致，故填形容词。根据句意及首字母提示，此处应填domestic，作定语，修饰visitors。故填domestic。30、Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have f_ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：flexible#lexible解析：考查形容词。句意：在外工作的母亲应该有灵活的时间安排，以便更容易照顾孩子。根据单词首字母以及句意“灵活”可知应填形容词flexible，作定语修饰名词schedules。故填flexible。31、Many patients of COVID-19 are now smiling on their lives under the g_ of the local government. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：guidance#uidance解析：考查名词。句意：许多新冠肺炎的患者在当地政府的指导下微笑面对他们的生活。分析句子可知，“under”为介词，后接名词，根据单词首字母以及句意可知，空白处的内容为“指导”含义。guidance，意为“指导”，为不可数名词。符合题意，故填guidance。32、The Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity and supply water. But the p_ led to protests. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：proposal#roposal解析：考查名词。句意：埃及政府希望在尼罗河上修建一座新的大坝，以控制洪水、发电和供水。但该提议引发了抗议。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词proposal，作主语，特指前面的一项提议，应用单数形式。故填proposal。33、A new report suggests that chewing gums may be a h_to health.答案：hazard#azard解析：考查名词单数。句意：一项新报告说口香糖也许对健康是有害的。名词hazard (危险，危险的事情)。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式作表语。结合首字母提示及句意，故填hazard。34、A b_ view takes into consideration all the different opinions on something and presents information in a fair and reasonable way. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：balanced# alanced解析：考查形容词。句意：公平的观点考虑了对某事的所有不同意见，并以公平合理的方式呈现信息。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词balanced，作定语，修饰名词view，表示“公平的”，故填balanced。35、Sometimes, responsibilities may w_ heavily on you. However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for-nothing, if not carved.” （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：weigh#eigh解析：考查动词。句意：有时，责任可能会沉重地压在你身上。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器”。结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词weigh符合题意，weigh on sb./sth.“加重的负担，重压于”，情态动词may后用动词原形。故填weigh。36、Its a l_ to eat fresh food, because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：luxury#uxury解析：考查名词的数。句意：吃新鲜食物是一种奢侈，因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜农产品只能每隔几个月从地球运送到空间站。结合不定冠词a可知，用单数名词luxury做表语。故填luxury。37、Its g _ of you to share your food and room with me when I was in times of trouble. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：generous#enerous解析：考查形容词。句意：你真是太慷慨了，在我困难的时候与我分享你的食物和房间。根据单词首字母以及句意“慷慨”可知应填形容词generous，作表语。故填generous。38、L_ confidence and knowledge, he failed to get the job. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：Lacking#acking解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏信心和知识，他未能得到这份工作。根据首字母及句意可知填lack补全意思；句子已有谓语failed，空处作非谓语，lack和he之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式作原因状语。故填Lacking。39、Xu Beihong has achieved outstanding achievements in the past three d_ of his life. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：decades#ecades解析：考查名词。句意：徐悲鸿在过去的三十年里取得了杰出的成就。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应使用可数名词decade作宾语，结合空格前数词three可知，应用其复数形式decades。故填decades。40、Soldiers are trained to o_ orders without question.答案：obey#bey解析：考查动词。句意：士兵们被训练无条件遵守命令。根据首字母和句意可知，是动词obey遵守；动词短语train sb to do sth“训练某人做某事”；本句中不定式做主语soldiers的补足语。故填obey。41、She realized that one of the greatest b_ of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people. (根据首字母单词拼写)答案：benefits#enefits解析：考查名词。句意：她意识到互联网的最大好处之一是它能够消除人与人之间通常存在的距离。根据首字母提示和句意“好处”可知是名词benefit，且one of后接可数名词复数，故填benefits 。42、From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade s_ to ink wash paintings our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：sculptures#culptures解析：考查名词复数。句意：从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国自古以来的艺术天才。根据“From bronze bowls to ceramic vases”和首字母s可知，此处是指“玉雕”，应用名词sculpture表示“雕塑”，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填sculptures。43、In the absence of the manager, I shall be in c_ of the company.答案：charge#harge解析：考查名词。句意：在经理缺席的情况下，我将负责管理公司。in charge of是固定搭配，表示“掌管，负责”。根据首字母提示及句意，故填charge。44、P_ in the year 2020, the novel draw the readers attention immediately. （根据首字母单词拼写）答案：Published#ublished解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这部小说出版于2020年，立即引起了读者的注意。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，根据首字母提示及句意可知，动词publish“出版”符合句意，与主语the novel之间是动宾关系，因而用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Published。小提示：45、Xu Beihong insisted that an artist should show r_ instead of imitating it.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：reality#eality解析：考查名词。句意：徐悲鸿坚持艺术家应该表现现实，而不是模仿现实。根据单词首字母以及句意“现实”可知应填名词reality，作宾语，不可数。故填reality。书信写作(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)46、假定你是李华，是校报英文版的编辑，请你给你校的外教Dr. Phillips约稿，内容包括：(1) 约稿内容：英语学习的建议；(2) 稿件长度：约500词；(3) 交稿时间：下周一。注意：(1) 写作词数应为80左右；(2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Dr. Phillips,_Yours sincerely,Li Hua答案：One possible version:Dear Dr. Phillips,As an editor of our schools English newspaper, Im writing to invite you to write for our paper. Id feel privileged if you could spare some time to write us an article about 500 words, illustrating some major ways for us to learn English well. Your article will greatly motivate us to make the newspaper more popular among the students, and your suggestions will definitely be greatly valued. Your opinions will be appreciated, since you teach us English and know where our weak points lie in our English study. By the way, it cant be better if you can hand in your article next Monday.Yours sincerely,Li Hua解析：【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校外教Dr. Phillips约稿，告知约稿内容及相关要求。(1)词汇积累文章：articlepassage建议：suggestionadvice观点：opinionview提交：hand insubmit(2)句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：As an editor of our schools English newspaper, Im writing to invite you to write for our paper.拓展句：As an editor of our schools English newspaper, Im writing to ask whether youd like to write for our paper.小提示：【高分句型1】Id feel privileged if you could spare some time to write us an article about 500 words, illustrating some major ways for us to learn English well.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）【高分句型2】Your opinions will be appreciated, since you teach us English and know where our weak points lie in our English study.（运用了since引导的原因状语从句）47、最近，美国运动员泰莎莫德拍摄了一段视频。在视频中，她口述自己在冬奥会开幕式遇到了一位穿着粉色衣服的志愿者，当她对他说“nihao”的时候，粉衣小哥热情地回复她“Welcome to China!”，这让她非常感动。现在，粉衣小哥的身份被确认，这位名叫孙泽宇的志愿者是清华大学的学生，他也在第一时间写了一封信以作回应。假设你就是这名志愿者，给泰莎莫德回信。内容包括：1）写信目的；2）对事件的回顾；3）展望未来注意：写作词数应为80左右Dear Tessa,_