高三英语复习.doc

高三英语复习
复习总表
词类
实词
名.动.形.副.数.代
虚词
冠.介.连.叹
句子
成分
主.谓.表.宾.宾补.定.状
种类(用途 )
陈述句(肯定,否定).疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句).祈使句.感叹句
种类(结构 )
简单句.并列句.复合句(名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句 )
构词法
派生法. 合成法 .转化法
题型
单项选择（15分）·完形填空（30分）·阅读理解（50分）·补全对话（10分）·英汉互译（20分）·书面表达（25分）
说明

一·名词
复习重点：1·名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析；
2·抽象名词具体化和名词固定搭配；
3·名词的数（可数与不可数，单数与复数）；
4·名词的所有格及其句法功能。
（一） 名词的类别及其句法功能
类别
意义
例词
基本用法
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词
表示某类人或事物中的个体
student 学生;worker 工人;compute计算机;
1,有单.复之分. 2,,其前通常有冠词等限定词.
集体名词
表示若干人或某类事物的组合体
family家庭 ;group组 ;people 人们
不可数名词
物资名词
表示物资.材料或不易分为个体的东西
water水 ;cotton棉花 ;paper纸
1, 通常没有复数形式,其前不能用冠词 a / an; 2, 表数量用 数+量名+of 等结构
抽象名词
性质.状态.行为.感情.概念等的名称
motion运动 ;length长度 ; happiness 幸福
总括名词
同类事物的总称而非具体物件,
clothing衣物 ;baggage行李 ;furniture家具
专有名词
人名或家族姓氏
表示人的名字或家族姓氏
Kate凯特 ;Mary玛丽
1, 专有名词的第一个字母必须大写;词组构成的除虚词外,实词的第一个字母要大写. 2,在姓氏复数名词前加 the指一家人或夫妇二人.如:the Greens .
地域名称
国家.城市.山川.河流.湖泊等名称
China 中国; London 伦敦; the West Lake西湖
机构和组织名称
组织.机构.报刊等的名称
The United Nations 联合国
特陈名词
语种.月份.星期.节日等的名称
English 英语 ; May五月 ; Sunday星期日
句子成分
主语
Night is falling . 夜幕降临。
表语
It was a clear night .那是一个明朗的夜晚。
宾语
I spent a night in Shanghai . 我在上海过了一夜。
宾补
We consider it an unforgettable night . 我们认为这是一个难忘的夜晚。
状语
Henry works hard day and night .亨利日日夜夜努力工作。
定语
They study in a night school .他们在一所夜校里学习 。名词作定语表示性质，特征，目的，来源·材料·类别·地点·用途等。
（二） 名词的复数构成------ 规则形式
单数词尾
方法
例 词
备 注

一般词尾
加 -s
book –books
day—days

为s .x .sh .ch
加 –es
box-boxes
stomach-stomachs （胃）
辅音字母+o
加 –es
hero--heroes
potato--potatoes
tomato--tomatoes
Negro--negroes
Zero / volcano / cargo-es( -s )
元音字母+o及辅音字母+o
加 -s
zoo—zoos photo(grah)—photos
piano ;solo ;video ;kilo 等词
辅音字母+y
改y为i再加es
city –cities
family –families
five Mary—five Marys以y结
尾的专有名词加 –s
为f/fe
改f/f e为v加es
leaf—leaves
knife—knives
( half ;life ;wife ;shelf ;self ;loaf ;wolf ;thief )
handkerchief—handkerchieves/
handkerchiefs
2.roof ;proof ;chief ;belief; safe ;
cliff ;gulf 这些词后加 –s.

复合名词
无主体
后加s/es
grown-up – grown-ups
有主体
主体上加-s/es
brother-in-law – brothers-in-law
(三)·名词的复数---- 不规则形式
方法
例 词
备 注
a---e
oo—ee
ou—i
man—men; woman—women
foot—feet ;tooth—teeth ;
goose—geese
mouse--mice
manworker–menworkers; Frenchman—French-men.
boy friend—boy friends.
German/Roman/human(s)
--en/ren
ox—oxen ;child—children

单复同形
fish—fish ;deer—deer ; sheep—sheep
Chinese—Chinese ; Japanese—Japanese
means—means; Swiss—Swiss
species—species; series--series
fish:表多少条鱼时单复同形,
表种类-es,表鱼肉为不可数.
um—a
is—es
on—a
datum—data ;medium—media
crisis—crises; basis—bases
phenomenon—phenomena
源于拉丁文或希腊文
常用复数形式
两部分构成
scissors; trousers; shorts; shoes pants ;jeans ;compasses ;scales; glasses
以-ing收尾
belongings; surroundings; savings ;findings ;earnings
其他情形
Contents目录; arms武器; remains;thanks; goods货物; congratulations; outskirts郊区; clothes ;forces ; stairs
-s结尾表单意
学科或其他
physics; maths (mathematics );politics;optics光学;
the United States ;economics经济学 ；news
形单意复
people人们；police；cattle牛（总称）；public公众；poultry家禽
此外,1.有些名词在一定的词组中用复数形式,如
take pains下功夫; make arrangements作安排; make preparations作准备 give regards to 问候; give respects to 致敬意; be in high/low spirits情绪高/低
1. 有些和数词连用的名词，表复数仍保持单数形式；如
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋;three hundred books三百本书,但其复数表示很多.如dozens of eggs 数打鸡蛋; hundreds of books数百本书.还有(score /scores of; million/millions of ;thousand/thousands of ;billion/billions of )
(四)．可数名词与不可数名词
对 比
可数名词
不可数名词
计 数
单复之分
仅单数
基数词
受修饰,据意用复数
不受修饰
类似数词
some,(a ) few ,many …
Some,(a )little ,much …
基数+量名+of+
可用，意义定单复
可用，量名体现单复
a/an
受修饰
不受修饰
注意:1.有些不可数名词在表示抽象的特征，状态，或者一次行为时就成了可数名词。如句子Success is the mother of failure . The party last night was a great success .一些短语 have a good time ;make an apology ;have a look ;have a wonderful/big lunch.
2.hair ;fruit ;tea 和通常都作单数表总体,例如:
His hair is white .他的头发花白.
The fruit is fresh .水果是新鲜.
但表若干根头发,若干种水果/茶时就有单复之分,例如
He had a few white hairs .他有几根白头发.
She likes pears ,peaches and other juicy fruits.她喜欢梨,桃和其他多汁的水果.
2. wind ;rain ;snow 表一场/阵有单复数（一般前有修饰语）。
3. 有些物质名词由上下文决定可数与不可数。
He ate a chicken .他吃了一只鸡。
I don`t like chicken .我不喜欢鸡肉。
A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。
5.“be of + 抽象名词”表达的意义相当于一个形容词。如be of importance=be important ;be of great value =be very valuable ;be of help=be helpful.
6.单复表不同意义
time(时间)—times (时代) wood(木头)—woods(森林) sand(沙子)—sands(沙漠) paper(纸)—papers(试卷，论文，报纸) iron(铁)—irons(脚镣，手铐) cloth(布)—clothes(衣服)
glass(玻璃)—glasses(玻璃杯，眼镜) water(水)—waters(水域，海域) work(工作)—works(工厂/程/事，作品)force(力量)—forces(军队) good(益处)—goods(货物) manner(态度)—manners(礼貌) spirit(精神)—spirits(心情，情绪) content(内容)—contents(目录) green(绿色)—greens(蔬菜) people(人们)—peoples(民族) look(看)—looks(外貌) ground(地面)—grounds(围院)
custom(风俗，习惯)—customs (海关) ash(灰)—ashes(骨灰)

(五) 名词所有格的构成和用法

类别
构成及用法
例 词
备 注
用于有生命的名词
单 数
通常在词尾加`s
my mother’s bag
the horse’s tail
1. 以-s结尾的专有名词加’s或’.
2. 二者共有后一个加’s;分有各自加’s.
复 数
-s结尾的复数名词只加 ’ .
the students’ reading-room
the teachers’ desk
不-s以结尾的复数,加 ’s
Women’s Day
children’s readings
用 于 无 生 命 的 名 词
词尾’s或 s’
时间的名词加 ’s/ s’
in today’s newspaper
two days’ vacation
1. 团体，机构，书报杂志等
2.某些习语 at a stone’s throw (近在咫尺)
距离,量度的名词加 ’s/ s’
a kilometer’s distance
three tons’ weight
国家,星球,城市,海洋等加 ’s/ s’
China’s population
the sun’s rays
of+名 词 的 结 构
表物的所属
the surface of the machine
the roof of the house
有生命的名词较长或前有较长定语 可用of +名词

名词+of +名词 ’s/s’ (双重所有格)
Of 的名词前常有一个限定词
Have you read any works of Lu Xun’s ?
Of 的名词前常可用指示代词
That answer of Li Dong’s wasn`t right .
Of 后带的名词常表具体的人名或名物代 This is a child of Mr. Green’s/theirs .
被名词所有格所修饰的名词的省略：
1.所有格修饰的词，前已提到可省略；
This is not Marry’s dictionary ,but John’s .
2.两个名词所有格所修饰的词是同样的，可省去一个或合用一个；
Is this Tom’s jacket or Bob’s ?
3．表店铺，某人的家及公共建筑物时，被修饰的名词可省去。
I met her at the doctor’s (room ).
练习
1.I bought ____ yesterday.
A. two boxes of milk B.two boxes of milks
C.two box of milk D . two box of milks
2.Let`s stop by the ___on the way there.
A. flowers shop B. flower`s shop
C. flower shop D.flowers` shop
3. I need ___ cloth , for I`m going to make ___clothes.
A. a lot of ; many B. much ; much
C. many ; many D. many ; a lot of
4.The village is far away from here indeed .It`s____walk.
A. a four hour B. a four hour`s
C.a four hours D.a four-hour
5.Miss Smith is a friend of ___ .
A. Mary`s mother`s B. Mary`s mother
C. mother`s of Mary D.Mary mother`s
6.There are ___ apples for you on the table .
A. much B.a couple of C.the number of D.a little
7.I put__ sugar in my milk .
A. a few B. a spoon C. some D. few
8. My sister is going to get married and she has bought many__.
A.furnitures B.furrniture C.furniture pieces D .pieces of furniture
9.I have got __ on the project.
A .many information B. much information
C. some informations D. many informations
10.He has spent a large __ of money on his new house.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. piece
11.When we arrived at the park ,we took ___ rest.
A. a few minutes` B. a few minute`s
C.a little minute`s D. little minutes `
12.There are sixty ___ in our school.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers
C. women teacher D. woman`s teacher
13.A large number of students _ watching TV in their spare time.
A. likes B. like C. liked D. liking
14. The number of pandas in the zoo ___ about six .
A. is B. are C. were D.am
15.Our leader and teacher often __ us with our study.
A. helping B .helps C. is helping D. are helping
16.She has improved her English since she took her teacher`s ___.A. advices B. advice C. advise D. advises
17.You will find the __ of this book, which is great in helping you to understand life.
A. cost B. value C. price D. usefulness
18.My teacher asked me to write a __ composition.
A. three-thousands-words B. three-thousands-word
C. three-thousand-word D. three-thousand-words
19.Last Sunday I met a friend of __ in the street.
A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sister`s D. me sister
20.There are thirty __ and twenty girls in my class.
A. boy students B. boys students
C. boy student D. boys students
21. The Chinese people __
A. is a great people B. are a great people
C. are great people D. are great peoples
22.Something was wrong with __ car, but luckily they knew how to fix it .
A. Jim`s and Tom`s B.Jim and Tom`s
C. Jim`s and Tom D. Jim and Tom
23.He is a friend of __.
A. Kate`s father`s B.Kate`s father
C. Father`s of Kate D. Kate father
24. The news of victories __ got round quickly.
A.is B. are C. have been D./
25.The rich__ not always happy.
A.are B. is C. have D. has
26.Your trousers __ dirty , you must have__ washed .
A. is/it B.are/it C. is/them D.are/them
27.He, including his parents , __ this novel.
A. like B. likes C. are like D . is like
28. There are three __ in our class.
A. Zhou`s B. zhous` C. zhous D. Zhous`s
29.This bridge is __ long .
A. ten-meters` B. ten meter
C. ten-meters D. ten meters
30.Mother made a new skirt with two meters of __.
A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. cloths
31.If these trousers are too big , buy a small __.
A.one B. copy C. pair D. set
32. He dropped the __ and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee`s cup
C. cup coffee D. coffee cup
33.Let`s have a __ break.
A. ten minute`s B. ten-minutes
C.ten minutes` D. ten minute
34.__ should be strict with __.
A .Teacher; a student B The teachers ; students
C. Teachers ; students D. Teachers ; a student
35.They played on the __ for an hour , and when they returned they found their goods __ stolen.
A. sand ; were B. sand ; was
C. sands ; were D. sands ; was
36.You should take more __. Don`t always sit at the desk busy doing your __.
A.exercise;exercise B. exercises; exercises
C.exercises; exercise D. exercise; exercises
37.__ is made of __.
A. Glass; the glass B.A glass; glass
C.Glass ; glass D. A glass; a glass
38.In Britain __ are all printed red.
A.letter boxes B. letters boxes
C. letter box D. letters box
39.This is an old photo of my mother`s when she had __, and now she has __.
A.short hair; grey hairs B. short hair; grey hairs
C. short hair ; grey hair D. short hairs; grey hair
40.There are four __ and two __ in the group.
A Japanese; Germen B. Japaneses; Germen
C.Japanese; German D. Japanese; germans
41.This is the first time in our __ that we have come to Beijing.
A.life B.live C. lives D. lifes
42.He gained his __ by printing___ of famous writers.
A.wealth; work B. wealths; works
C.wealths; work D. wealth; works
43. Here`s my card . Let`s keep in __.
A. connection B. relation C. touch D. friendship
44.—What about having a drink ? --________.
A. Good idea B . Help yourself
C. Go ahead , please. D . Me, too.
45.—It`s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
-- ___.
A. My pleasure B. I`m glad to hear that
C. No, thanks D. It`s OK
46.If the dictionary is not yours,__ can it be ?
A.what else B.who else C.which else`s D.who else`s
47. These books , which you can get at any bookshops, will give you __.
A. all of information B . all of the information
C.all the informations D. all the information
48.You could get __ here , I think.
A. a work B. works C. job D. a job
49.We used to play __ when we were young.
A. in the sand B. in the sands
C. on the sand D. on the sands
50.Tables are made of __.
A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods
51.She always wears beautiful ___.
A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings
52.Do you have any __ in learning English.
A. troubles B. difficulties C. differences D.difficult
53.It`s __ great pleasure that you are here.
A./ B. such a C. such D. the
54. What __! We were wet all over.
A. heavy rain B. heavy rains
C. a heavy rain D. big rain
55.The __ can __ corn in many ways with different __.
A. cooker; cook ;cook B. cook ; cook; cookers
C. cooker; cook; cookers D. cook; cooker; cooker