研究生英语课程专题省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,摘要定义、用途和长度,摘要是作者研究过程、研究目标、研究方法和研究结果简明陈说和概括。经过阅读摘要，读者能够对是否阅该全文或全书作出决定，会议组织者能够判定论文是否符合会议宗旨而作出取舍，研究项目标赞助商也可了解项目标进展情况。摘要也是作者“卖点”，把自己研究与同行分享。医学论文英文摘要普通在150300词之间，但不一样医学杂志有不一样要求。,第1页,摘要内容,完整医学英文摘要包含以下内容：,1标题(title),2作者姓名(name of the author),3.作者单位和地址(unit of the authoraddress),4摘要正文(text of the abstract),5.关键词(key words),第2页,摘要类型,摘要普通分三类：,1描述性摘要(descriptive abstract),2.资料性摘要(informative abstract),3.描述资料性摘要(descriptive-informative abstract),第3页,描述性摘要(也有些人称为指示性摘要或说明性摘要)普通只用两三句话概括论文报道主题，而不包括详细数据和结论，通惯用于综述、会议汇报等。这类摘要用于帮助读者决定是否需要阅读全文。,第4页,资料性摘要(也称信息性摘要或报道性摘要)概括论文主要信息，普通说明研究问题和关键研究结果，其特点是全方面、简明地概括论文目标、方法、主要数据和结论。通常，阅读这种摘要能够部分取代阅读全文。,第5页,描述资料性摘要(也称说明资料性摘要)以资料性摘要形式表述论文报道中信息价值较高部分，以描述性摘要形式表述其余部分。,第6页,摘要写作格式,传统式,结构式,第7页,传统式摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包含引言(Introduction)、方法(Methods)、结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面.,20世纪80年代出现了另一个摘要文体即“结构式摘要”，它实质上是资料性摘要结构化表示，使其内容一日了然。,传统式摘要与结构式摘要差异在于后者为了方便读者了解论文内容，行文中用醒目标字体(黑体，全部大写或斜体等)直接标出目标、方法、结果和结论等标题。,第8页,传统式摘要,New Concepts in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis,Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky and Peter E.Lipsky Office of the Clinical Director,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Maryland 20892;e-mail:,goldbacrmail.nih.gov,Abstract,:,Recent advance have made rheumatoid arthritis(RA)amenable to treatment.Clinical studies in patients with early and established RA have broadened understanding of its pathogenesis and have fundamentally changed the therapeutic approach to this disease.Quantum leaps in therapy including the use of early aggressive therapy,combination therapy,and the introduction of anti-cytokine agents have improved patients quality of life,eased clinical symptoms,retarded the progression of joint destruction,and delayed disability.We review clinical evidence supporting these therapeutic approaches.Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are highlighted,and a decision tree to guide treatment in patients with early or established RA is provided.,Keywords,:,combination therapy;anti-cytokine therapy;early aggressive treatment;DMARDs;prognosis;outcome,第9页,结构式摘要,Techniques Available for Mr.Brain Scan Coregistration with Spect Imagin,Robin A.Greene,Yale University School of Medicine,Purpose:,There are many situations in which it would be desirable to combine the imaging information from two or more studies on the same patient.Magnetic Resonance(MR)and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography(SPECT)provide complementary information.There exist many techniques which work with image processing algorithms that make it possible to superimpose the functional features of the SPECT study with the anatomic features of the MR.This technique is known as co-registration.,Methods:,There are two general types of techniques that assist in image co-registration:natural landmark and external landmark.Natural landmarks use the identification of anatomic landmarks that are commonly seen in both modalities for image matching.The second category are those that employ the use of externally fixed Marker systems such as fiducial markers,or stereotactic head frames.Whichever of these two techniques are employed must then be considered for the appropriate image processing System that will be used to create the overlays from the datasets from two imaging modalities.,Conclusions:,The diagnostic availability of hybridSPECT-MR image sets can greatly improve the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis.In addition to improvements in diagnosis,it will also be a powerful tool for the prediction of treatment response to the many drug treated disorders being studied.,第10页,标题处理,第11页,标题应写得简短明了，要既引入注目；又便于编写索引。标题长短在普通医学杂志征稿简则中都没有详细限制，但有杂志，如美国Journal of the National Cancer Institute明文要求不得超出14个词；美国医学协会杂志Archives of Internal Medicine要求不得超出两行，包含副标题(每行为42个印刷符号，包含标点符号及空白间隔)。,第12页,(一)名词性标题,标题普通都是由一个名问或若干并列词，加上必要修饰语组成，普通没有谓语成份。如,：,1.Laboratory diagnosis of SARS,SARS试验室诊疗,2.Haemorrhagic cholecystitis,出血性胆囊炎,3.Alcohol use,myocardial infarction,sudden cardiac death,and hypertention,饮酒、心肌梗塞、心原性猝死及高血压病,4.Surgery for Infective Endocarditis,感染性心内膜炎外科治疗,第13页,标题书写可有两种方式,(1)只在标题开头第一个词第一个字母大写，收尾不用句号(如上例1、2、3)；,(2)标题中每个词第一个字母都大写，只有一些虚词才小写，句尾也不用句号(如上例4)。一些虚词要小写，这是指冠词和3个字母以内连词与介词，而4个字母以上，如with、from、after、before、during、against、between等，仍要大写。,第14页,(二)完整句标题,医学论文标题普通都是名词性标题。有医学杂志，如美国Journal of the National Cancer Institute甚至要求标题不得写成完整句子。可是，在其它英美医学杂志中，偶然仍可见到标题为完整句，只是在句尾没有句号。,第15页,比如,1.Dietary cholesterol is co-carcinogenic for human colon cancer,胆固醇饮食人类结肠癌协同致癌原因,2.Recurrent abdominal pain in a healthy school-aged child can be lactose intolerance,健康学龄儿童重复腹痛可能与不能忍受乳糖相关,第16页,(三)疑问句,标题也能够是疑问句。疑问句标题句尾普通有疑问号，如有疑问代词或疑问副词，也可不用疑问句。比如：,1.Home or hospital birth?,在家分娩还是住院分娩？,2.Is treatment of borderline hypertension good or bad?治疗临界型高血压是利是弊？,3.Are potassium supplements for the elderly necessary?中年以上患者是否必须补钾？,第17页,副标题,有些医学论文除正标题外，还用副标题。副标题往往用以突出论文某首先内容，如病例数、研究方法等。,正、副标题可用不一样字体字号加以区分，也可用冒号隔开。,第18页,(一)突出病例数,1.Abdominal pain in the emergency room:A study of 176 consecutive cases,腹痛急诊176连续收治病例研究,2.Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts:Analysis of 119 cases,假性胰腺囊肿手术治疗119例分析,第19页,(二)突出研究方法,Diffuse palimony infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients:prospective study of 80 cases,免疫抑制患者弥漫性肺沁润前瞻性研究80例,2.Efficacy of partial meal replacement products:A meta and pooling analysis,部分饮食替换产品效能汇总合并分析,第20页,(三)突出重点内客,1.Diabetes mellitus:New diagnostic criteria,糖尿病新诊疗标准,2.Digitalis therapy in practice:Correlation between clinical evaluation and plasma digoxin concentration,洋地黄疗法实际应用地高辛血浆浓度与临床疗效关系,第21页,(四)表示同位关系,1.Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast-cancer tissue:A useful prognostic indicator,乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原一个有用预后指标,2.Prazosin:A new vasodilator used for treatment of hypertension,哌唑嗪一个新治疗高血压血管扩张剂,第22页,(五)提出疑问,1.Unsolved issue:Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease?,还未处理问题饮酒者冠心病更少吗？,2.Glycemic index:Is it a useful tool?,血糖指数是有用衡量标准吗？,3.Medical students use of information resources:Is the digital age dawning?,医学生对信息资源使用数码时代即未降临？,第23页,练 习,将以下标题改为带有副标题格式：,1.A light and electron microscopic study of two cases of primary sarcomas of the heart,2.experimental study of laser surgery of the liver,3.A report of 60 cases of primary vaginal carcinoma,4.Clinical analysis of 55 cases of subacute thyroditis,5.A survey of 127 cases of deafness due to noise trauma,6.A review of37 cases of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura,第24页,7.Clinical,angiographic,and myocardial scintigraphic observations on unstable angina pectoris,8.Fifteen years experience with carcinoma of the pancreas,9.Experiences in the treatment of 50 cases of vascular injuries,10.A survey of patient opinion about whole gut irrigation,11.Physiopathologic mechanisms for jaundice and cirrhosis,第25页,将以下完整句标题改为名词性标题：,1.Angiodysplasia is a cause of colonic bleeding in the elderly,2.Thyroid cancer is a late consequence of head-neck irradiation,3.Coronary heart disease:Overweight and obesity are risk factors,4.Prostaglandins serve as mediators of inflammation,5.Ferritin serves as an index of bone marrow stores,第26页,6.High uric acid serves as an indicator of cardiovascular disease,7.Pernicious anaemia is a risk factor for cancer of the stomach,8.Biliary obstruction is a complication of chronic pancreatic diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde choloangio-pancreatography,9.Inferior vena cava obstruction is a complication of prostate cancer,10.High blood pressure is a side effect of drugs,poisons and food,第27页,