Lesson 1 AnotherSchoolYear.doc

Lesson 1 Another School Year---What For？
I. Word Study
1. accomplishment
n. sth. completed successfully; an achievement
Examples:
· a girl of many accomplishments 多才多艺的姑娘
· Among her accomplishments were
sewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.
accomplish
v. to succeed in doing; to reach the end of
Examples:
· accomplish one’s object 达到目的
· accomplish one’s mission 完成使命
· He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.
2. assume
v. a. to take for granted承担; to suppose假定
b．装出，假装，佯作，装作有(或是)：
to assume an air of innocence
装出一副无辜的样子
to assume a humble manner
装出一种谦卑的态度
Examples:
· They had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong.
· assume responsibilities
· assume another’s debts
· subjective assume主观臆断

3. certify =give evidence of
v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine；
provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes
Examples:
· The accounts were certified (as) correct.
· He was certified (as) insane.
· certified accountant 注册会计师
· certify to书面证明
· CTF Certify证明
· certify teacher合格师资
· Cross-Certify相互认证
· certify,to证明审计用语
· certify a document检查单据
· certify a copy证明副本无误
· to certify a cheque保证兑现
4. expose
vt. 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示
v. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence 使受影响
b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light 使曝光
c. to make known (sth. discreditable);to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of) 揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）
Examples:
The parents exposed their children to classical music at home.
· This film has been exposed.
· The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.

· 5. faculty n. 能力；全体教员；科，系
n. a. any of the powers of the body or mind
b. department or group of related departments in a university
c. the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university
Examples:
· the faculty of the sight; mental faculties
· the Faculty of Law
· The entire faculty of the university will attend
the meeting.
cf.
staff n. n. 职员；参谋；棒；支撑
adj. 职员的；行政工作的
vt. 供给人员；给…配备职员
vi. 雇用工作人员
a. group of assistants working together in a business, etc. responsible to a manager or a person in authority
b. those people doing administrative work
Examples:
· the hotel staff, the shop staff
· We need more staff in the office.
· I have a staff of ten.
· a head teacher and her staff 校长及全体教工
· The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.

6. generate
v. to produce as a result of a chemical or physical process
Examples:
· a generating station 发电厂，发电站
· When coal burns, it generates heat.
· generative reproduction 有性繁殖
· His kind smile soon generated friendliness.
· 他友善的微笑很快造成了友好的气氛。
· to generate hope
· 产生希望
· 【数学】
· 动点成(线)，动线成(面)，动面成(体)：
· A point generates a line.
· 动点成线。

7. nevertheless仍然，不过，然而；尽管如此
adv. in spite of that, however
Examples:
· She was very tired, nevertheless she kept
on working.
· We are going nevertheless we shall return.

8. rear
v.
a. to care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; to bring up抚养；培养
The rabbit reared its ears.
兔子竖起它的耳朵。

b. to tend (growing plants or animals) 饲养；种植
Our chemistry teacher rears all kinds of birds.
我们的化学老师养着各种鸟。

c. to rise high in the air; to tower竖起；举起；抬高
The rabbit reared its ears.
兔子竖起它的耳朵。

n. a hind part 后面，后边；后边的部分
rear plate后板；后钢板
rear axle后轴；[车辆]  后桥；[车辆]  后车桥；后轮轴
rear bearing后轴承
rear pass后烟道
Rear Window后窗；后车窗；后挡风玻璃
rear door后门；后车门；靠近后面的门
rear overhang后悬；离地间隙；后悬距
rear reflector车后反光玻璃；后反光器
track rear后轮距；双胎间距

Examples:
· to rear a child
· to rear poultry家禽
· to rear a monument to a person’s memory 为纪念 某人而建立纪念碑
· the rear of the hall

9. species
n. a fundamental category of taxonomic 1. 种类，类别2. 【生物学】种
classification, ranking below a genus or
subgenus and consisting of related organisms
capable of interbreeding
Examples:
· Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.
· The Origin of Species《物种起源》
· Darwin followed up with The Origin of Species in 1859.

10. suffice
v. to meet present needs or requirements vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格
It suffices to comfort her with only a few words.
只用几句话安慰她一下就行了。
vt.满足…的需要，使满足：
I will do my best to suffice you.
我将尽一切努力满足你的要求
Examples:
· These rations will suffice until next week.
· Fifty dollars will suffice me.
· Fifty dollars will suffice for my needs.

II. Phrases and Expressions
1. enroll in = participate in, take part in, go through
to place one’s name on a roll or register; to sign up 注册登记，注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记
Example:
· We enrolled in the army.

2. specialize in
to concentrate on a particular activity or
product 从事专门活动或销售专业产品
Example:
The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear.
· We specialize in the development of plastic packing materials.
我们专营塑料包装材料的开发。

· Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax .
学生们擅长一种特殊的恶作剧：戏弄人。

· Should students be required to take classes in many subjects or to specialize in one subject?
学生应该学习多门课程还是应该术业有专攻?。

3. put it…
to express; to state 表达；陈述
Examples:
· to put it another way 换句话说
· to put it mildly 说得婉转些
· to put it strong 说得刻薄

4. go through
a. to examine carefully 仔细检查
b. to experience
Examples:
· John went through the students’ papers.
· We went through hell while working onthis project.

5. see to it that
to try to make sure that务必，必定；设想使

Example:
· The parents asked the girl to see to it that her younger brothers behave well at the table.
· We would surely see to it that the military balance was maintained .
我们肯定保证要使军事平衡得到维持。
· Please see to it that the packing is strong enough to withstand rough handling.
请务必做到包装牢固，经得起粗暴的搬运。
· Thank you very much. We will see to it that foreign experts, engineers and technicians will be given preferential treatment优待；特惠待遇 in pay and life necessities.
非常感谢。我们保证聘请的外国专家和工程技术人员在工资和生活待遇方面得到优惠照顾。
·
6. preside over
to be in charge of= preside at, to chair
Examples:
· preside over a meeting 主持会议
· preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点
· The manager presides over the business ofthis store. 主持管理业务
· The new generation of deans will undoubtedly preside over dramatic changes.
新一代的院长们将无疑能够应付发生的巨变。
· She was appointed to the US district court serving 6 years as a trial judge, where she preside over hundreds of cases.
她曾在美国地区法庭做过6年法官，在那里她接手过成千上万的案子。

7. be out to do sth. [口语]企图(或打算或决心)(做某事)

to try to do sth.
be out to do/for力求
Example:
· You professor raise your kids your way; I’ll take care of my own. Me, I’m out to make money.

8. be on one’s/the way to
to be in the process of coming, going, or traveling
Examples:
· She is on her way out the door.
· Winter is on the way.
· You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal.

9. The chances are that…（等于It is likely （that））很可能
It is possible that…
Examples:
· The chances are ten to one that the guest team will win.
· If you have some one on your mind, let her know. Chances are you are on hers as well.
cf.
· There is a chance that I will see him these days.
· Is there any chance of rain?
chance
vi. to come about by chance; occur 偶然发生，出现
vt. to take the risk or hazard of 冒······的危险

Examples:
· It chanced that the train was late that day.
· Although there is still hope, he is not not
willing to chance it.

10. in essence
by nature; essentially 本质上；实质的
Example:
· In essence, leadership involves accomplishing goals with and through people.

11. make… available使有用；使可用到
to do sth. so that one thing can be used or can easily be bought or found
Examples:
· Dental clinics shall be made available within ten
miles of each community.
· Parking facilities were made available for the
disabled.

III. Word Building
capitalize
a. to cause to be or to
become 使成为
b. to cause to conform to
or resemble 使······一致，
使······相像
c. to treat as 当作······对待
d. to treat or affect with
e. to subject to 使服从
f. to treat according to or
practice the method of
根据······对待或实施办法
g. to become; become like
成为；变得像
h. to perform, engage in,
or produce 完成，从事于，
生产

对待或影响
dramatize 戏剧化
Hellenize 使希腊化
idolize 偶像崇拜
anesthetize 施以麻醉
tyrannize 压制
pasteurize 施行巴氏消毒
materialize 具体化
botanize 采集植物
suffix— -ize

capital (a.)
central (a.)
final (a.)
hospital (n.)
ideal (a.)
natural (a.)
social (a.)

capitalize
centralize
finalize
hospitalize
idealize
naturalize
socialize
apologetic (a.)
civil (a.)
fertile (a.)
industrial (a.)
real (a.)
special (a.)
western (a.)
apologize
civilize
fertilize
industrialize
realize
specialize
westernize
-fy—to cause to become; to make

base (n.)
clear (a.)
class (n.)
intense (a.)
just (a.)
note (n.)
basify 碱化
clarify 澄清
classify 分类
intensify 加强
justify 使正当
notify 通知

pure (a.)
quality (n.)
simple (a.)
unity (n.)
terror (n.)
purify 净化
qualify 使具有资格
simplify 简化
unify 统一
terrify 使恐惧