2022年职称英语考试理工B真题及答案.doc

职称英语理工B真题第一某些:词汇选项(第115题,每题1分,共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线某些拟定1个意义最为接近选项。1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk of) flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC. between equalsD. in particular2. The courses gives you basic (instruction) in maintenance.A. ideaB. termC. aspectD. coaching3. We are aware of the (potential) problems.A. possible B. globalC. ongoingD. central4. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A. regulatedB. increasedC. fellD. maintained5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation.A. imaginationB. confirmationC. recallD. disclosure6. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).A. realB. outstandingC. creativeD. false7. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.A. haircutB. purseC. clothesD. necklace8. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitableC. changeableD. adaptable9. The idea was quite (brilliant).A. positiveB. keyC. originalD. clever10. They have built canals to (irrigate) the desert.A. decorateB. changeC. waterD. visit11. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a (toddler).A. disabled B. pupilC. baby D. teenager12. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warm B. severeC. hard D. dry13. The phobia may have its roots in a childhood (trauma).A. fear B. joyC. hurt D. memory 14. You will have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train.A. jump B. runC. escapeD. prepare15. Jesen is a dangerous man , and can be very (brutal).A. careless B. strongC. cruel D. hard第二某些:阅读判断(第1622题,每题1分,共7分) 下面短文列出了7个句子,请依照短文内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供是对的信息,请选取A;如果该句提供是错误信息,请选取B;如果该句信息文中没有提及,请选取C。The Theory of EverythingIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste of smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.Hawking Is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.If Stephen Hawking it able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.16.Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by .A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18.Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19.A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20.Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesnt have to work.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21.Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22.The Theory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三某些:概况大意与完毕句子(第2330题,每题1分,共8分) 下面短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第2326题规定从所给6个选项中为第25段每段选取1个最佳选项标题;(2)第2730题规定从所给6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。Geothermal(地热)Energy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earths center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It often remains well below the earths surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗入)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is pipe dup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either flash steam plants or binary(双重)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it flashes or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.A. Dry steam plantsB. Binary plantsC. Origin of geothermal energyD. Generation of electricityE. Flash steam plantsF. Recyclable water and steam4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23. Paragraph 1_C_24. Paragraph 2_A_25. Paragraph 3_E_26. Paragraph 4_B_27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _B_.28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _D_.29. Flash plants produce hot water through _C_.30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _A_.A the energy to turn a turbineB. impermeable rockC. one or two separatorsD. turbine operatorE. little or no waterF. hot springs第四某些:阅读理解(第3045题,每题3分,共45分) 下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请依照短文内容,为每题拟定1个最佳选项。第一篇:Can You Hear This?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium (礼堂),listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant (反射) sound , which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium .It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people ) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth, curved (弯曲)reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel(平行) walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing(有节奏跳动)effect. Large pillars (柱)and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room .For example , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.31. This Passage is mainly about_.A. sound waves and their acoustic effect .B. the types of music orchestras playC. walls of an auditoriumD. the design of an auditorium32. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with_.A. a short reverberation timeB. a long reverberation timeC. an intermediate reverberation timeD. no reverberation time33. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should_.A. achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB. get rid of all reflectionsC. not have absorbers.D. have smooth surfaces34. Large pillars and corners may_.A. make sound rich and fullB. be cures for sound problemsC. be sources of sound problemsD. function as well as clouds35. The word “acoustic” in the last paragraph has something to do with_.A. performanceB. MusicC. sound D. noise第二篇:Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出才干)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the NBA draft(选抜), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enoughno NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.There is no reason to dismiss TCM, Yao told a press conference in Beijing. Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.36.The word towering in Paragraph 1 means_.A. largeB. fatC. tallD. great37. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_.A. mobilityB. assaultC. defenseD. celebrity38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_.A. his right foot had been hurting.B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C. the surgical operation had been a failure.D. he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He missed the Athens Olympics.B. He is an NBA player.C. He fractured his left foot.D. He is an international figure.40. In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_.A. indifferentB. positiveC. negativeD. doubtful第三篇:Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting,but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However,windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet,windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter,cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny,sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air,which can feel so refreshing(使人清新),actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years,scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating,glazing(用玻璃覆盖),and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic(发色) technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic(电致色) windows use electricity to change color. For example,a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide(氧化钨) works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed,that is,when the amount of voltage(电压) is decreased,the window darkens until it