试讲-英语定语从句详解省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,定语从句,The Attributive clause,第1页,定语,从句,定语,在复合句中，修饰某一,名词,或,代词,从句叫做定语从句。,定语用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中惯用,表示。主要由形容词担任，另外，,名词,，,代词,，,数词,，,分词,，,副词,，不定式以及,介词短语,也能够来担任，也能够由一个句子来担任。,前置定语,后置定语,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰词之前，作前置定语。,短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰词之后，作后置定语。,第2页,定语从句,定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语句子，定语从句要放在所修饰词后。,如：,1),The man,who lives next to us,is a policeman.,2)You must do,everything,that I do,.,上面两句中,man,和,everything,是定语从句所修饰词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面。,关系词,/,引导词,先行词,引导定语从句词叫关系词,被定语从句修饰词叫先行词,先行词,=,关系词,/,引导词,This is the,bike,which,my father bought for me.,which,代替,bike,第3页,定语,从句,引导词,关系代词,关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，惯用关系代词有：,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，惯用关系副词有：,when,where,why,引导词作用,1,、引导定语从句,2,、代替先行词,在从句中位置,3,、在定语从句中担当一个成份,第4页,关系代词基本使用方法,关系代词,指代先行词,充当从句成份,省略否,who,人,主语、宾语,关系代词在句中作宾语时能够省略,whom,人,宾语,wh,ose,人,/,事,定语,that,人,/,物,主语、宾语、表语,wh,ich,事,/,物,主语、宾语,、表语,as,人,/,物,/,事,主语、宾语、表语,第5页,关系代词引导定语从句,1.who,指人，在从句中做主语,(1)The boys,who,are playing football,are from Class One.,(2)Yesterday I helped an old man,who,lost his way,.,2.whom,指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。,(1)Mr.Liu is the person,(,whom,),you talked about,.,注意：关系代词,whom,在口语和非正式语体中惯用,who,代替，可省略。,(3)The man,who/whom,you met just now,is my friend.,第6页,关系代词引导定语从句,3.which,指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略,(1)Football is,a game,which,is liked by most boys,.(which,在句子中做主语,),(2)This is,the pen,(,which),he bought yesterday,.(which,在句子中做宾语,),4.that,指人时，相当于,who,或者,whom,；指物时，相当于,which,。,在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。,(1),The people,that/who,come to visit the city,are all here.(,在句子中做主语,),(2)Where is,the man,that/whom,I saw this morning,?(,在句子中做宾语,),第7页,关系代词引导定语从句,5.whose,通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,(1)He has,a friend,whose,father is a doctor,.,(2)I lived in,a house,whose,roof has fallen in,.,whose,指物时，惯用以下结构来代替,(3),The classroom,whose door,is broken,will soon be repaired.,=,The classroom,the door of which,is broken,will soon be repaired.,(4)Do you like,the book,whose color,is yellow,?,=Do you like,the book,the color of which,is yellow,?,第8页,that,和,which,区分,1,1,、下面情况不用,that:,介词后面：,This is,the book,about,which,we are talking now,非限制性定语从句中：,Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,which,his parents expect.,当先行词本身是,that,时：,Whats that,which,is flying in the sky?,先行词后有插入语时：,Here is the English grammar book,which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.,第9页,that,和,which,区分,2,2,、下面情况只用,that,不用,which,和,whom:,先行词为,much,little,none,someone,something,anything,all,the one,等不定代词。,I watched,all,the glasses,that,were on the table,fall off the table.,先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰。,The parks are,the clearest,parks,that,you can imagine,先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,just,等词修饰。,Corn was not,the only,food,that,was taken to Europe,先行词现有人，也有物。,They talked about,things and persons,that,they remembered,.,第10页,that,和,which,区分,2,以,who/which,开头疑问句。,Who is the person,that,you just talked with,?,先行词在主句中作表语关系词，在从句中作表语时。,The village is no longer the one,that,it was 5 years ago,.,在,there be,句型中，指物只用,that,。,There are many apples,that,are very delicious,.,先行词是,the way,或,the reason,时，,that,可作关系副词，也可省略,。,The reason is,that,he is unable to operate the machine,.,第11页,as,和,which,引导定语从句,as,和,which,引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不一样之处。详细情况是：,1,As,和,which,都能够在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。,(1)He married her,as/which,was natural,.(2)He was honest,as/which,we can see,.,第12页,as,和,which,引导定语从句,2.as,引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至能够切割一个主句；,which,引导非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，,as,有,“,正如,，正像,”,意思,(1),As,is known to all,China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south,as,we can see from his accent.(3)John,as,you know,is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times,which,I dont believe.,注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上因果关系时，惯用,which,(5)Tom was always late for school,which,made his teacher angry.,第13页,as,和,which,引导定语从句,3.,当先行,词,受,such,the same,修饰时，惯用,as,(1)I have never heard,such,a story,as,he tells.(2)He is not,such,a fool,as,he looks.(3)This is the,same,book,as,I lost last week.,注意：当先行,词,由,the same,修饰时，偶然也用,that,引导定语从句，不过和由,as,所引导定语从句意思不一样,(4)She wore the same dress,that,she wore at Marys wedding.,她穿着她在,Mary,婚礼上穿过一条裙子。,(5)She wore the same dress,as,her young sister wore.,她穿着和她妹妹所穿一样裙子。,第14页,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由,介词,+,关系代词,引导,介词,选取标准,：,依据定语从句谓语动词习惯搭配来决定。,This,is the book,on which,I spent 8 dollars.,This,is the book,for which,I paid 8 dollars,.,(2)依据先行词习惯搭配来决定。,I,remember,the day,on which,I joined the Party,.,I,remember,the days,during which,I lived there,第15页,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句,2.,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用,whom,，不可用,who,或者,that,；指物时用,which,，不能用,that,；关系代词是全部格时用,whose,(1)The man,with whom,you talked is my friend.,(T),不可用,who/that,(2)The plane,in which,we flew to Canada is very comfortable.,(T),不可用,in that,3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词宾语.而且作介词宾语关系代词能够省略。,(1),Dad is,a person,(whom/who/that),I can easily talk to.,(2),Is this,the play,(which/that),you were talking about just now?,第16页,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句,4.,含有介词动词短语普通不拆开使用，如：,look for,look after,take care of,等,。,(1)This is the watch,which/that,I am looking,for,.,(T),(2)This is the watch,for which,I am looking.,(F),5.,先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句关系词用that/in which或省略。,(1),I didnt like the way,(that/in which),she talked to me,(2),The way,(that/in which),he teaches English is interesting.,6.“,介词,+,关系代词,”,前可有,some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few,等代词或者数词,。,(1)He loved his parents deeply,both of whom,are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which,have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom,are from big cities.,第17页,关系副词基本使用方法,关系代词,指代先行词,充当从句成份,省略否,when,时间,(,物,),时间状语,不可省略,where,地点,(,物,),地点状语,why,原因,(,物,),原因状语,关系副词：在句中作状语,关系副词,=,介词,+,关系代词,why=for which,where=in/at/on/.which(,介词同先行词搭配,),when=during/on/in/.which(,介词同先行词搭配,),第18页,关系副词基本使用方法,1.where,指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点定语从句。,(1)Shanghai is the city,where,I was born,.,(2)The house,where,I lived ten years ago,has been pulled down.,2.when,引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用,(1)I still remember the day,when,I first came to the school,.,(2)The time,when,we got together,finally came.,注,表示时间,“time,一词定语从句只用,when,引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用,that,引导。,3.why,指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,(1)Please tell me the reason,why,you missed the plane,.,(2)I don,t know the reason,why,he looks unhappy today,.,第19页,关系副词基本使用方法,关系副词使用方法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如：,This is,the first time,(that),the president has visited the country.,(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场所”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：,Can you think of,a situation,where,this phrase can be used?,第20页,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句,注意：关系副词引导从句能够由“介词,+,关系代词”引导从句替换,(1)The reason,why/for which,he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year,when/in which,he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.,注：,1,）介词后面关系代词不能省略。,2,）,that,前不能有介词。,3,）一些在从句中充当初间，地点或原因状语,介词,+,关系词,结构能够同关系副词,when,where,和,why,交换。,第21页,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句,“关系副词”和“介词,+,关系代词”交换,1,、,This is the house,in which,I lived two years ago.,This is the house,where,I lived two years ago.,2,、,Do you remember the day,on which,you joined our club?,Do you remember the day,when,you joined our club?,3,、,This is the reason,why,he came late.,This is the reason,for which,he came late.,第22页,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,1,、,限制性定语从句,是先行词在意义上不可缺乏定语，假如去掉，主句意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句,和主句关系十分亲密，,写时不用逗号分开。,2,、,非,限制性定语从句,和主句关系,不很,亲密,，只是对先行词作些附加说明，假如去掉，主句意思依然清楚。在意义上不可缺乏定语，假如去掉，这种从句,，,写时往往用逗号分开。,（,1,）,This is the best book,that I have read,.,（,2,）,This is a good book,which is easy to understand,.,第23页,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,（,1,）,His mother,whom he loved dearly,went abroad,.,（,2,）,This,machine,which he has looked after for many years,is still working perfectly,.,（,3,）,Aqiao,whose parents had died,had to make a living by herself.,（,4,）,The family,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.,非限定性定语从句说明：非限定性定语从句不能用,that,引导；,作宾语用关系代词不能省略；,要用逗号隔开,第24页,THANK,YOU,PPT,模板下载：,PPT,素材下载：,PPT,图表下载：,PPT,教程：,Excel,教程：,PPT,课件下载：,PPT,论坛：,第25页,