1、Unit 6 & Unit 12形容词比较级、最高级Some important words:1.形容词的位置(1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。(2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:We have dug a hole two meters deepThe hole is about two metres deep2形容词的比较等级(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加(e)
2、r,(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:popularmore popularmost popularimportantmore importantmost important(2) 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good better bestwellbad worse worstillold older oldestelder eldestmany more mostmuchlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthest 3. 形容词比较级的用法形容词比较级通
3、常可分为原级、比较级、最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:(1)as+原级+as(2)比较级+than(3)the+最高级+of (in) 需注意的原级的用法: (1)否定结构有A。not as+形容词原级+as B及Anot so +形容词原级+as B两种结构。(2)表示倍数有times as+形容词原级+as的句型。如:This garden is ten times as large as that oneThis room is twice as large as that one(3)half as+形容词原级+as表示“的一半
4、”。如:This book is half as thick as that one需注意的比较级的用法:(1)than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中工也可换成me。(2)比较级前还可以用much,even,still,a little来修饰。(3)表示倍数时,试比较Our room is twice as large as theirs 我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大。 Our room is twice larger than theirs 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。(4) I m two years older than you 我比你大两岁。(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“
5、越来越”。如: He becomes fatter and fatter(6)The+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels他越忙就越高兴。 需注意的最高级的用法:(1)常见结构有:“of+复数意义的词”表示“在之中的”,“在中”;“in+范围、场所”表示“在之中”。如:He is the tallest“all the boys”China is the greatest in the world副词1副词比较级的构成(1) 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。(2) 绝大多数副
6、词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。(3) 少数副词的不规则变化:原级 比较级 最高级well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestfarthest furthestlate later latest(4) 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。(5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)其余变化和形容词类似。2常见副词用法(1) too, eitherToo 一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句时用eit
7、her。(2) ago,beforeago 以现在为起点,和动词的过去时连用。before以过去某个时间为起点,常和过去完成时连用。当before前没有“一段时间”而单独使用时,泛指“以前”,常和完成时连用。如:I have heard the man before。我以前听说过那个人。三、使用形容词的几个常用句型. 1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示:做某事是怎样的。 (24). It is difficult to see and hear at the back.提示:其中It叫形式主语,不定式叫真实主语,翻译时先译不定式, 这样做是为了避免句子显
8、得头重脚轻. 2. “It is + adj. + for sb to do sth. 表示;对某人来说做某事是怎样的 例:(25). It is more difficult for old people to learn English. 提示:a. 与上面的提示相同. b. 这一句型中常用的形容词有dangerous (危险的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), saf
9、e(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, 如: (26). It is important for Liu Sanzi to work on his fathers farm. (27). Its very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.3. It is + adj + of sb. 意为:某人是怎样的。.(28). It is very brave of her. 4. It is + adj + of sb to do sth. 意为:某人做某事是怎样的。(29). Its very kind of yo
10、u to help me. (30). Its very rude of her to say such words. (31). Its foolish of him to go alone. 提示:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词, 如careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的), polite(有礼貌的), right(正确的), wrong(错误的)等. 5. 形容词+不定式 a. 表示感情或情绪的形容词后面常接不定式.这样的
11、形容词有:glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sad(忧伤的), thankful(感激的)等, 如:(32). Glad to see you. (33). Im very sad to hear the bad news. b. 表示能力和意志的形容词,如able(有能力的), certain(一定), ready(乐意的,有准备的),sure(一定)等常接不定式。如:(34). He is able to swim. (35). Lei Feng is always ready to help others. (36). He is sure to get to schoo
12、l on time. 四形容词的三级。 (一). 三级变化. 大部分形容词有三级变化, 即:原级,比较级 (意为:“更加/比较.的”),最高级(意为:“最.的”). 变化分规则变化和不规则变化。(A). 规则变化:1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词(多半是没加前缀或后缀的形容词)的规则变化.(1). 一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级,如:talltallertallest, longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2) . 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。如: nicenicernicest, fine
13、 finerfinest, largelargerlargest(3). 以辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er构成比较级,加est构成最高级,如:bigbiggerbiggest, hothotterhottest, redredderreddest (4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,先把y变为i,再加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级,如: busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. 2. 部分双音节形容词(多半是加了前缀或后缀的形容词)和多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级,如: tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more relaxingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful