初中英语动词不定式用法小结.doc

初中英语动词不定式用法小结动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成，这里的to是动词不定式符号，本身没有词义，其否定形式常在to前加not；由于它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语；不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法，现总结如下：一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语；但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.二、动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.记住忘记去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 记得忘记做过某事三、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has 某事to do”或“enough名词to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。四、动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。另有口诀帮助记忆：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”(let不用于被动语态)五、动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to dosth.等。六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法在固定句式中对不定式的考察常见的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。动词不定式专项训练题：一、单项选择。1. _ is difficult to work out the maths problem.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. Its2. We decided _ at the end of this month.A. travelB. not start outC. to leaveD. going3. They have no paper_.A. to writeB. to write withC. write onD .to write on4. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. having5. _the computer is a problem.A. How to useB. What to useC. Where to useD. Which to use6. The teacher told us _in bed.A. dont readB. read notC. to not readD. not to read7. The old man was _angry _ say a word.A. so, thatB. as, asC. too, toD. very, to8. Why _home tomorrow?A. not goB. not goingC. not to goD. didnt go9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _?A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down D. to turn down it10. Its cold outside. You had better _ your coat.A. to put onB. putting onC. puts onD. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour _(get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page.5. Things _(do) in Beijing6. He put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at.7. Help him _(put) the photos in the correct order.8. He made the girl _(cry) yesterday.9. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk).10. Id like _(go) to the Temple of Heaven.参考答案：一、15 CCDBA 610 DCABD二、1. to get2. to see3. to save 4. to make 5. to do6. to look7. (to)put8. cry 9. talking 10. to go