初中英语动词不定式的基本用法.doc

动词不定式（the infinitive）的基本用法

动词不定式
1. 基本构成： to+动词原形 ，其否定形式是“not/never to do / not do”.
2. 基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。
一、不定式的句法功能
1. 作主语
eg: It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school.
不定式做主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构, 这时 it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。
e.g. To learn English well is not easy.  
=   It’s not easy  to learn English well.
      ★ 不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for + 名词或代词宾格”构成, 即：
It’s + adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.
跟踪练习
1. It’s very nice of them ________ (send) me the flowers.
2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream.
3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换)
  ________  ________ English well ______  very important.
4. It’s important _______ Chinese well.
A. to learn B. learn  C. learning D. learns
2. 作表语
eg：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等，可与系动词构成系表结构。
eg：Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.
My job is to clean the streets.
跟踪练习
1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day.
2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor.
3. 作宾语
eg：The driver offered to help the patient.
有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, want, would like, fail, help, hope, plan等。
跟踪练习
1.My friends want ________ (book) some tickets to the movie for us.
2. My parents decide _______ (give) me more money.
3. He plans ________ (go) to Beijing for a holiday.
4. The boy hopes ________ (pass) the English exam.
5. My little son is able _________ (read) some words.
6. I’ll try my best _________ (help) you.
7. She would like _________ (become) beautiful.
4. 作宾语补足语
eg：It allows people to get closer to them.
The world wide fund for nature chose the panda to be its symbol.
动词不定式作宾语补足语，常构成的句式为：v. + sb. /sth. + to do。此类常见的动词有：tell, ask, want, wish, teach, help, order, invite, get, allow, send, lead, encourage, advise, warn, bear, beg, cause, command, drive, elect, expect, forbid, force, hate, intend, leave(留下), like, mean, need, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, train, trouble等36个动词。即：
ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事；     tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事；   
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事；    help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事；   
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事；    allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事； ... 
eg：My friend invites me to come to his home.
I asked Paul to carry the box.
其否定形式为：  v. + sb. / sth. not /never + to do。即：
tell sb. not to do sth.    告诉某人不要做某事; ask sb. not to do sth. 让某人不要做某事；
warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事； order sb. not to do sth. 命令某人不要做某事；
eg：My teacher tells us not to make too much noise.
跟踪练习
1. Don’t ask Jim _____ (go) swimming with us, because his mother won’t allow him ____ (do) so.
2. Does you mother like you ________ a doctor?
A. being    B. to be     C. are     D. become
3. My teacher always tells me ________ (study) hard.
4. I don’t want you _________ (help) me.     
5. She’d like me _________ (join) them.
6. I wish you ________ (have) a good time.  
7. My best friends teach me _________ (swim).
8. Her boyfriend often invites her _________ (have) dinner.
9. My mother always gets my father _________ (do) housework.
10. I order you _________ (wash) your hands.
★ 在动词think, believe, know, find, understand, take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由 “ to be ＋ adj．”构成。
eg: They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful．
He believed the earth to be a globe．
★ 在某些短语后也可跟不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：wait for, call on, depend on, care for, long for等。
eg: The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again．
The chairman called on Mr. Brown to speak．
I shouldn't care for that man to be my doctor．
★ 有些动词后接省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，即： 动词不定式在使役动词（make，let， have）或感官动词（feel，listen to，hear， look at，see，watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。句式为：v. + sb. / sth. + do ; 其否定形式为：v. + sb. / sth. + not /never do。
  为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记：
“一感”（feel）
“二听”（listen， hear）
“三让”（let，make，have）
“四看”（look at，see，watch，notice）
eg：His words makes everyone laugh.
His mother let him not watch TV.
I felt someone open my door．
Please listen to me sing the song again．
注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较：
I heard her sing．我听见她唱了歌。◆ I heard her singing．我听见她在唱歌。
★ 个别动词，如: help既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
eg：She helps me (to) do my homework.
跟踪练习
1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _______ Chinese Kongfu .
A. plays   B. played    C. to play D. playing
2. Mr. Brown made his students _______ the new words again.
A. copying   B. copy   C. to copy   D. copied                            
3. Please let the students _________ down.   
 A. sitting      B. sat         C. sit       D.  to  sit
4. --- Is Wei Fang good at singing?
--- Yes, she is. We often hear her  _____ in her room.   
A. to sing       B. sing      C. sings      D. singing                                         
5. A strange noise made me ________ (stop) my work.
5. 作状语
eg: We are sorry to hear that. (作原因状语)
Let’s stop to have a rest. (作目的状语)
She didn’t work hard enough to pass the exam. (作结果状语)
跟踪练习
1. She sells flowers _______ make money.
A. made    B. make    C. to make D. to be made      
2. The room is not big enough _________.
A. to live in      B. to be lived in       C. to live         D. for living             
3. I’m sorry  ______ you.
A. trouble       B. trouble with       C. to trouble      D. trouble about
4. He is too young _________ (go) to school.
6. 作定语
eg: I have a lot of homework to do.
动词不定式作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的词后，即后置，往往表示未发生的动作。
跟踪练习
1. Do you have anything more _________ (要说)?
2. She has a lot of work _________ (做) every day .
3. The old man has a house _________ (住).
4. She is a nice person__________ (相处).

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