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(每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld基本知识过关训练
单选题
1、Usually, there is an interval between the two parts of the concert _____ the audience can buy something to eat or have a rest.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:通常,音乐会的两个部分之间有一段时间间隔,观众可以买点东西吃或休息。此处是定语从句,先行词是an interval,在从句中做时间状语,用关系副词when。故选C项。
2、Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the ideals _______ human beings have been fighting.
A.to whichB.against whichC.with whichD.for which
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:自由、平等、博爱是人类一直为之奋斗的理想。分析句子,此处考查介词加关系代词时,介词的选择。从句 fight译为“奋斗”,根据句意译为“为…...奋斗”为fight for,是固定搭配。for 可提至关系代词which前。故选D项。
3、You’d better not ask for the reason ________ he was absent for the meeting.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.because
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:你最好不要问他缺席会议的原因。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“reason”,在从句中作原因状语,故应用关系副词“why”引导从句。故选A项。
4、People’s ________ for bicycles may reflect public dissatisfaction with bus service.
A.insistenceB.preference
C.confidenceD.reference
答案:B
考查名词辨析。句意:人们对于自行车的偏爱可以反映出公众对于公共汽车服务的不满意。A. insistence坚持;B. preference偏爱;C. confidence自信;D. reference参考。根据句意“反映出公众对于公共汽车服务的不满意”可推知,公众对自行车“偏爱”。故选B。
5、When I said some students were so lazy, I _______ to you.
A.don’t referB.wasn’t referringC.didn’t referD.hasn’t referred
答案:B
考查动词时态。句意:当我说有些学生懒惰的时候,我不是在说你。结合前后文语境可知,指过去的某一个时间点正在发生的事情,应用过去进行时,主语为I,谓语动词应用was。故选B。
6、Later in this chapter the case will be introduced to readers ______ consumers’ support became a stream of motivation for improvement of the company.
A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where
答案:D
考查定语从句关系词。句意:之后,在这章中,这种案例将会被介绍给读者,在这种案例中,消费者的支持变成了对于公司提升的一股激励的清泉。A. who谁,指代人;B. when什么时候,指代时间;C. which哪一个,指代物;D. where什么地方,指代地点。分析从句结构,主语consumers’ support消费者的支持,系动词became变成,表语a stream of motivation一股激励的清泉,结构完整,考虑关系副词。限制性定语从句修饰主句先行词case,在从句中作状语成分in the case,表示抽象地点,故选D。
7、One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands _______ we often risked going and got more fish than others
A.whichB.whenC.in whichD.where
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:一天,我和我的两个兄弟从我们经常冒险去的岛屿回来,我们得到了比别人更多的鱼。分析句子,定语从句部分缺状语,所以此处需用关系副词。此处的先行词为islands表示地点,所以应用where。C项介词+关代可以相当于关系副词,但是此处的介词应改为on。综合分析,故选D项。
8、The ________ boy hasn’t turned up for several day, but one day he was caught ________ in the street.
A.missed, to begB.missed, begging
C.missing, beggingD.missing, begged
答案:C
考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意:那个失踪的男孩已经好几天没出现了,但有一天他在街上乞讨时被发现了。形容词missing“失踪的”,此处作定语修饰名词boy;第二空应用非谓语动词作主语补足语,逻辑主语he和beg之间是主动关系,且表动作正在进行,应用现在分词。故选C。
9、Life is like a marathon ______ perseverance and consistent efforts count.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.why
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:人生就像马拉松,在这当中,毅力和坚持起作用。空格处是定语从句,先行词 marathon是抽象地点,在定语从句中缺少状语,因此要用关系副词where引导。故选C。
10、The White Horse Temple, ________ back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, has a history of more than 1,900 years.
A.datesB.datedC.datingD.to date
答案:C
考查非谓语动词辨析。句意:白马寺始建于东汉,距今已有1900多年的历史。分析句子可知,date在句子中不作谓语,且与其逻辑主语The White Horse Temple是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式作状语。故选C项。
11、There was a time _______, if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer her his seat.
A.whileB.asC.whenD.unless
答案:C
考查关系副词。句意:曾经有一段时间,如果女士上了拥挤的公共汽车或火车,男士会立即站起来给她让座。表示“曾经有一段时间”是there was a time when,先行词是time,在定语从句中作时间状语,用when引导定语从句。故选C。
12、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the ______ it can bring to the development of children’s brains.
A.systemsB.prioritiesC.barriersD.benefits
答案:D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:学校应该定期教授音乐,因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系,系统;B. priorities优先事项;C. barriers障碍;D. benefits好处。根据“Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools”推知,音乐对儿童大脑的发展是有好处的。故选D。
小提示:
13、Regulations _____ that students attend at least 90% of the lectures.
A.demandB.askC.requireD.request
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:规定要求学生至少参加90%的课程。A. demand表示有正当权利的要求,因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思;B. ask 一般用的比较多,比较通俗,语气也较客气;C. require表示“要求所必须的东西;法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”;D. request则表示“有礼貌的请求或正式的请求。根据句意以及主语Regulations可知,是指“规章制度对学生的要求”。故选C项。
14、The man ________ you borrowed the camera has left for New York.
A.whoB.from whomC.to whoD.that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:你向他借相机的那个人已经去纽约了。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“man”,句中涉及固定短语“borrow sth. from sb.”,意为“向某人借某物”,先行词“man”在从句中作“from”的宾语,指人,故应用“介词from+关系代词whom”引导从句,空格处应填“from whom”。故选B项。
15、All the _________ indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.
A.evidenceB.factC.factorD.cause
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的证据都表明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系。A. evidence证据;B. fact事实;C. factor因素;D. cause原因。由下文“indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.”可知,证据表明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系,所以此处表示“证据”,应用evidence,故选A。
16、We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________.
A.interestB.attitudeC.competenceD.reputation
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直,专业能力强。A. interest兴趣;B. attitude态度;C. competence能力;D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知,Smith博士专业能力强。故选C项。
17、My attitude________him is that of a friend.
A.toB.asC.onD.For
答案:A
考查介词搭配。句意:我对他的态度是朋友的态度。A. to 朝、对于;B. as 作为、正如;C. on 在……之上;D. for 为了。分析句意再根据attitude可知,此处用介词to与attitude构成固定搭配,表示“对……的态度”符合语境。故选A项。
18、More and more people are learning English,____ has drawn much attention of the public.
A.the importanceB.the important
C.the importance of whichD.the importance of it
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:越来越多的人学英语,学习英语的重要性已经引起大众的注意。分析句子可知是定语从句,先行词为前面的先行词,作of的宾语,关系代词为which。故选C项。
19、My father likes meat very much while my mother always has a(an) _______ for vegetables and fruits.
A.appreciationB.preferenceC.referenceD.enjoyment
答案:B
考查动词短语辨析。句意:我父亲非常喜欢吃肉,而我母亲总是偏爱蔬菜和水果。A.appreciation欣赏,感激;B.preference偏爱,偏好;C.reference参考;D.enjoyment享受。没有have an enjoyment for这种说法,故D选项不正确。have a preference for意思是“对……偏爱,特别喜爱”;have an appreciation for“欣赏……”;have an reference for“有一个……参考”。根据句子中while表示对比或转折可知,前后两句形成对比,“爸爸爱吃肉”而“妈妈偏爱蔬菜和水果”。故选B项。
20、Perhaps a settler would demand an Indian _________ off the settler’s land.
A.stayingB.to stayC.stayedD.stay
答案:D
考查非谓语动词。句意:也许殖民者会要求印第安人远离他们的土地。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语动词demand,后接从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,demand sb. to do sth. 是错误结构,demand后不能跟不定式作宾语补足语。故选D项。
21、I don’t want to give the ______ that I’m running away from the punishment.
A.descriptionB.impressionC.expressionD.performance
答案:B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我不想给人留下我在逃避惩罚的印象。A. description描述;B. impression印象;C. expression表达;D. performance表演。根据句意和空格后that从句的内容可知,我不想给人留下一种印象——我在逃避惩罚。故选B项。
22、Unsuccessful people can always find reasons ________ they’re not doing well.
A.for whichB.thatC.of whichD.where
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:没有成功的人总是能找到他们做不好的理由。分析句子结构可知,空格前reasons作先行词,空格处应填定语从句的引导词,分析从句成分可知,从句中缺少状语,所以应用why或for which引导定语从句。故选A。
23、He led us to the farm ________ he spent his childhood.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.how
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:他把我们带到他度过童年的农场。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“farm”,在从句中作地点状语,故应用副词“where”引导从句。故选B项。
24、Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately.
A.on whichB.in whichC.to whichD.with which
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:公司应该了解他们所面临的风险,并充分监控他们的控制环境。分析句子,此处考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,介词的选择。从句中的动词expose译为“使…曝光”,根据句意译为“暴露于”为expose…to,是固定搭配。to 可提至关系代词which前。故选C 项。
25、The doctor _______my sister is talking has just come from England.
A.with whomB.with whoC.with whichD.that
答案:A
考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意:和我姐姐谈话的那位医生刚从英国来。分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是The doctor,指人,在从句中作talk with的宾语,with可以提到关系代词的前面,即用“介词+关系代词”引导此定语从句,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,指人,只能用whom,应用“with whom”引导此定语从句。故选A项。
26、I will never forget such a beautiful village _____ I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记这样一个美丽的村庄,我在那里和我的祖父母度过了我的童年。_____ I spent my childhood with my grandparents是定语从句,修饰a beautiful village。在从句中,I 是主语,spent是谓语,my childhood是宾语。关系词在从句中作地点状语,因此应该用关系副词where引导该从句。故选C。
27、He is an expert on rice planting ______ the local Zhuang people have learnt a lot.
A.by whichB.from whomC.by whomD.from which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:他是一个水稻种植专家,当地的壮族人从他那儿已经学会了很多。分析句子成分可知,这是一个限制性定语从句,先行词expert,意为“专家”;又根据固定搭配learn sth. from sb. 意为“从某人那儿学到……”,所以应该用介词from;因此本句中,先行词为expert,指人,关系代词放在介词之后只能用whom,做定语从句的介词宾语。故选B项。
28、Can you tell me how many athletes will ________ in the Olympic Games?
A.tapB.competeC.carveD.graduate
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:你能告诉我将会有多少运动员参加奥运会吗?A. tap 轻敲;B. compete参加比赛;C. carve 雕刻;D. graduate获得学位。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是动词作从句谓语,需要“参加比赛”的意思,在情态动词will后面,要用动词原形。故选B。
29、________ lack of experience with a task of that scale, she was far from being a failure.
A.Except forB.AlthoughC.DespiteD.Even though
答案:C
考查介词(短语)和连词(短语)。句意:尽管她对这么大规模的任务缺乏经验,但她绝不是一个失败者。A. Except for除……之外(介词短语);B. Although尽管(连词);C. Despite尽管(介词);D. Even though尽管,即使(连词短语)。根据名词lack可知,前用介词(短语)。再根据“she was far from being a failure.”可知,前后为转折关系。故选C。
30、Life is like a long race _______ we compete with each other to go beyond ourselves.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:生活就像一场长跑,我们彼此竞争,超越自我。空格后的句子是由a long race所引导的定语从句。在定语从句中,缺地点状语,表示在这场长跑中,所以我们用关系副词where进行引导。故此题选A。
完成句子
31、The vase on show can ________ ________ ________ the Qing Dynasty.
展出的花瓶可追溯到清朝。
答案: date back to
考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知,展出的花瓶可追溯到清朝,所以本题考查短语date back to“追溯到”,空前有情态动词can,所以要用动词用原形。故填date back to。
32、骑自行车被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
Riding bikes is considered as ________________.
答案:a good means of entertainment
考查名词。分析句子且根据句意可知,表示“一种很好的娱乐方式”应用a good means of entertainment,作介词as的宾语,其中可数名词means表示“方式”,不可数名词entertainment表示“娱乐”。故填a good means of entertainment。
33、导游带游客去参观鲁迅工作过的那个房间。
The guide showed the tourists to the room________.
答案:where/in which Lu Xun worked
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“The guide showed the tourists to the room”是主句,“鲁迅工作过的那个房间”可以写成定语从句,修饰先行词room,“鲁迅工作过”表示过去发生的事,用一般过去时,翻译为Lu Xun worked,从句缺少地点状语,应用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”来引导,地点状语表示“在这个房间里”,应用in the room,所以应用in which来引导,定语从句写成where/in which Lu Xun worked,故填where/in which Lu Xun worked。
34、毕业于北京协和医学院,林巧稚成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的首位女住院医师。虽然她终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
After ______ Peking Union Medical College, Lin Qiaozhi became the first woman ever to be hired ______ a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. ______ the fact that she never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50, 000 babies in her lifetime.
答案: graduating from##(her) graduation from as Despite##In spite of
考查状语从句的省略,介词及短语。根据句意,第一空表示“毕业于”,故用短语 (one’s) graduation from,逻辑主语是Lin Qiaozhi,也可用(her) graduation from。逻辑主语Lin Qiaozhi与graduate from是主谓关系,故用现在分词,故填graduating from。第二空表示“被聘任为”,故用短语be hired as,第二空故填as。第三空表示“虽然,尽管”,故用despite/in spite of,位于句首,开头字母大写,故填Despite/In spite of。故答案为①graduating from/(her) graduation from;②as;③Despite/In spite of。
35、说到学英语,人们普遍认为:没有什么比跟英语母语人士待在一起更好的了。
________ learning English, it's universally recognized that there is________ than staying with ________.
答案: When it comes to/As for/As nothing better a native English speaker/ native English speakers
考查固定句型。根据汉语提示,表示“说到”应用固定句型When it comes to或者介词短语As for或者用连词As,As learning English理解为状语从句的省略;表示“没有什么比……更好的了”,应用固定句型there is nothing better than...,第二空需填nothing better;表示“母语人士”应用a native English speaker/native English speakers。故填①When it comes to/As for/As;②nothing better;③a native English speaker/native English speakers。
36、曾经有一段时间,有些人的一生仅仅致力于耕种土地或照料牛。(when)
________________________some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.
答案:There was a time when
考查when引导的定语从句。表示“曾经有一段时间”可知,时态用一般过去时,所以用There was a time.,分析汉语提示可知,其余内容为对名词time的限定修饰,所以其余内容为关系副词when引导的定语从句。故填There was a time when。
37、当遇见不熟悉的单词的时候,你最好查一下字典。
When you ________ word, you’d better________ a dictionary.
答案: come across/meet an unfamiliar refer to
考查固定短语。结合句意表示“遇见”短语为come across或meet,为一般现在时;表示“不熟悉的”应用形容词unfamiliar,作定语;表示“查阅”短语为refer to,上文为短语had better do sth.。故填①come across/meet an unfamiliar;②refer to。
38、读书开阔了我的视野,并且让我对自己的世界有了全新的看法。
Reading books broadened my horizons and gave me a new_________________on my own world.
答案:point of view
考查名词短语。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“看法”,是名词短语point of view,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填point of view。
39、这个小镇让我想起我长大的那个地方。(一般现在时; remind; 定语从句)
________________ I grew up.
答案:This small town reminds me of the place where
考查时态,动词短语,名词,主谓一致和定语从句。根据中英文提示,空格处缺少“这个小镇让我想起……那个地方”,主句时态一般现在时,主语this small town“这个小镇”,谓语remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某事”,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,宾语用人称代词宾格me“我”,介词of后接宾语place“地方”,特指“我长大的地方”用定冠词修饰,“I grew up”是定语从句,修饰the place,从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,故填This small town reminds me of the place where。
40、如今,大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而,布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。
Most people today ________. However, Brillat- Savarin ________ our personality, character, and culture.
答案: relate this saying to healthy eating was actually referring to
考查短语和时态。第一空涉及固定短语relate A to B,把A和B联系起来,this saying这条谚语,healthy eating健康饮食,陈述的是客观情况,用一般现在时;第二空涉及固定短语refer to,指的是,语境表明陈述的是过去正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,且该时态带有一定的感情色彩,起到强调作用,副词actually 作状语,故填relate this saying to healthy eating和was actually referring to。
语法填空
41、Here I sincerely express my _________ (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:appreciation
考查名词。句意:如果您能帮助找到丢失的手提箱,我诚挚地向您表示感谢。my作定语修饰名词,appreciate的名词是appreciation“感谢”,不可数名词。故填appreciation。
42、I will never forget the day________ I first came to Chongqing. (用适当的词填空)
答案:when
考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我第一次来重庆的那一天。day为先行词,从句缺少时间状语,故用when。故填when。
43、The only reason _______I came was _______I wanted to meet your friends.(用适当的词填空)
答案: why that
考查定语从句及表语从句。句意:我来的唯一原因就是想见见你的朋友。第一空引导限定性定语从句,先行词是reason,在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why引导;第二空引导表语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填①why;②that。
44、This is the time ________you should take a break and start something else. (用适当的词填空)
答案:when
考查定语从句。句意:这是你应该休息一下,开始做其他事情的时候。分析句子结构可知,本句是定语从句,先行词是time;根据句意以及先行词可知,从句缺少时间状语。故填when。
45、According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __________(globe) fertilizer(化肥)consumption. (所给单词适当形式填空)
答案:global
考查形容词。句意:根据世界银行的数据,中国约占全球化肥消费总量的30%。形容词global意为“全球的”,修饰名词fertilizer作定语,故填global。
46、This was a time ________ a great number of people went abroad.(用适当的词填空)
答案:when
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个大批人出国的时代。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是time,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
47、Have you ever heard of a disaster in ________ millions of living creatures died? (用适当的词填空)
答案:which
考查定语从句。句意:你听说过数百万生物死亡的灾难吗?分析可知,此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为disaster,应用关系代词which构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。故填which。
48、Tom took the police to the spot________ the accident happened. (用适当的词填空)
答案:where
考查定语从句。句意:汤姆把警察带到事故发生的地点。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中引导一个从句,修饰前面的名词spot,这是一个定语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。故填where。
49、Raising the retirement age is a subject ____________which all the Chinese have argued for a long time. (用适当的词填空)
答案:about
考查介词。句意:提高退休年龄是所有中国人长期争论的话题。分析句子结构,本句为含有“介词+which”引导定语从句的复合句,定语从句修饰先行词subject,argue about sth.表示“就某事争论”,所以介词应用about。故填about。
50、Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. (用单词适当形式填空)
答案:where
考查定语从句。句意:学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中,他们可以获取成长的经验。________ they can gain experience for growth.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词community activities,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导该从句,所以填where。
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