语法专题四-时态-语态.doc

专题复习 动词时态及语态
在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，也注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

时态
主动语态形式
被动语态形式
一般现在时
am/is/are/do/does
am/is/are done
一般过去时
was/were/did
was/were done
现在完成时
has/have done
has/have been done
现在完成进行时
has/have been doing
/
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were being done
过去完成时
had done
had been done
将来完成时
will/shall have done
will /shall have been done
一般将来时
will /shall do
am/is/are going to do
am/is/are coming/leaving
am/is/are to do
am/is/are about to do
will /shall be done
am/is/are to be done
过去将来时
would do
was going to do
was coming/leaving
was to do
was about to do
would be done
was/were to be done
将来进行时
will /shall be doing
/
1　　一般现在时
一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.
②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)．
③My train ________(leave) at 6：30.
④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.
⑤On the wall ________(hang) a picture.
⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.
⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.
① He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃.
2　　一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。
现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。
请区别下列几组句子：
①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)
He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)
②It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)
It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)
③This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school.
This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.
④ He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)
He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)
⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)
I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college?
—Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.
②Where ________ you________(put) my book? I can't find it anywhere.
③Although he has lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression.
④My brother is an actor. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years.
⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.
—But he ________(promise)．
3　　过去完成时和将来完成时
过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...。
[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：
①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but...
＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but...
＝I would like/love to have done...，but...
＝I was to have done...，but...
＝I was going to do...，but...
＝I would have done...，but...
②I was coming/leaving/arriving/..., but...
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：
They will have completed the project by the end of next year.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Helen ________(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come) home.
②I _____(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning, but I found nobody left in the room.
③By the time he ________(return) home, the work had been finished.
By the time he returns home, the work ________(finish)．
④We plan to reach the North Pole in mid－July, and by then we _____(walk) for six weeks.
4　　现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；
过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；
现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；
将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet. The rooms ________(paint)．
②My father ________(fall) while he ________(ride) his bicycle and ________(hurt) himself.
③—Why are her eyes red? —She ________(cry)．
④He ________(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.
⑤You ________ always ________(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?
⑥—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?
—No, but we ________(try) to get in touch with them ever since.
5　　一般将来时
注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：
①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；
②be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；
③be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；
④有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；
⑤be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane________(take) off.
②Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 ________(take) off at 18：20.
③If you ____________(succeed), you should work hard.
④Look at the dark clouds. It ____________(rain)．
⑤—The light is still on.
—Sorry. I ________(go) and turn it off.
6　　get＋过去分词
“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①The patient ________(treat) once a week.
① He fell off the building and ________(kill)．
7　　主动形式表示被动意义
需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：
①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；
②当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；
③measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；
④在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The problem is easy to solve.
② need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如：
The watch needs repairing. He deserves praising.
⑥be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is well worth buying.
⑦固定短语be to blame，be to let。
①The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt B. was to feel C. felt D. was to be felt
②I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
③Doctors and medical supplies ________ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.
A. had rushed B. were rushed C. were rushing D. rushed
④The moment the 28th Olympic Games ________ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared
⑤—Why did you leave that position?
—I________ a better position at IBM.
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
⑥—How are the team playing?
—They are playing well, but one of them ________ hurt.
A. got B. gets C. were D. is
⑦I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ________ the cloth ________ well.
A. have told; washes B. have been told; washes
C. was told; was washed D. have been told; is washed
8　　感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。
将下列句子改为被动语态：
① I saw him fall down. He was seen____________．
②I made him wash the dishes. He was made____________．
9　　“据说/据报道/……”的表达
Somebody/Something is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即to do, to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：
把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：
动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用to have done；
动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用to be doing；
动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用to do。
①The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed
②Wang Ming is said ________ abroad, but I am not sure which country it was.
A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D. to have been studying
③Linda is thought ________ in Africa, but I really don't know what country she's working in.
A. to have worked B. to work C. to be working D. working
10　　不用被动语态的动词或动词短语
appear，disappear，occur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place，belong to，come about，suffer from等。 用所给词的适当形式填空：
① The place caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ____________(remain) now.
② The medicine ____________(prove) vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain.
11. 判断用并列谓语还是非谓语
时态和语态的语法概念是针对谓语动词的， 有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语（-ing, -ed和to do/be形式）。有时现在分词作状语，表伴随动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行。并列谓语之间有and, 用在最后一个谓语前，构成A and B, 或A、B and C; 否则，要把其中一个变为非谓语。
①At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ______ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting　　　 B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
②As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______， and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved

1. (2015·江苏卷) The real reason why prices ________， and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
2. (2015·北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
—Not really.She ________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give
3. (2015·陕西卷)At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he ________ the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
4. (2014·湖南卷)Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
5. (2014·江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.
A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting
6. (2014·江苏卷)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered
7. (2014·重庆卷)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came
8. (2014·重庆卷)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget
9. (2013·浙江卷)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes ________ sharply.
A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing
10. (2013·江苏卷)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure. I ________ a report at home.
A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing

英语语法专项练习------动词时态和语态（一）
1、 The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
2、 ---I’ve heard Bob________ from his journey to Africa.
---What about visiting him tonight?
A. had come back B. coming back C. come back D. is back
3、 ---Hello, Jim. I ______ to see you today. Sonia said you _______ ill.
---Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are D. didn’t expect; were
4、 --_______ David and Vicky ________ married?
--For about three years.
A. How long were; being B. How long have; got
C. How long have; been D. How long did; get
5、 Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6、 My uncle ______ until he was forty-five.
A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry
7、 ---Alice, Why didn’t you come yesterday?
---I _______ , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
8、 The two boys argued and then hit each other, all the four parents ______ at one another.
A. had arrived and shouted B. arriving and shouting
C. arrived and shouted D. arrived and shouting
9、 ---_______ my dictionary?
---Yes. I put it in your desk just now.
A. Do you see B. Have you seen C. Did you see D. Had you seen
10、---Have you heard from Janet recently?
---No, but I ______ her over Christmas.
A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing
11、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet?
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
12、 ______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
13、 Helen ____ her key in the office so she had wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
14、 ---When did he go to America?
---Oh, he_______ there since half a year ago.
A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was
15、 ---Excuse me, Sir. Would you do me a favor?
---Of course. What is it?
A. had wondered B. was wondering
C. would wonder D. did wonder
16、 An awful accident _______ , however, occur the other day.
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
17、 ---You’ve agreed to go, but why aren’t you getting ready?
---But I ________ that you ________ me to start at once.
A. don’t realize; want B. don’t realize; wanted
C. didn’t realize; wanted D. haven’t realized; want
18、 ---Put these glasses away before they _______.
---OK. I’ll put them in the cupboard.
A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken
19、 ---What were you up to when she dropped in?
---I ________ for a while and _______ some reading.
A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did
C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did
20、 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B、will have graduated
C、graduates D. is to graduate
21、 ______ some of this juice – perhaps you’ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
22、 Will these flowers be watered ________?
A. every few days B. after hours
C. within a few hours D. the other day
23、 You ______ things about. Look, what mess in your room！
A. always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been throwing
24、 At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
25、 A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
26、 If a man ______ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
27、 It will be a long time _______ Frank _______ back from abroad.
A. before; comes B. since; has come
C. when; will come D. after; came
28、 ---The telephone is ringing.
---I ______ answer it.
A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about
29、 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will chang
30、 ---Your phone number again? I _______ quite catch it.
---It’s 9568442.
A. didn