形容词副词精讲及练习.doc

形容词 副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级：比较级： 比较.，更.一些 最高级： 最. （A）1.构成：(规则情况)情况 变 化 方 法 例 词 单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母e结尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规则变化，须熟记： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least (B)常见的使用情况 1.as as 和.一样（中间用原级） 2.not as(so) as 和.不一样（中间用原级） 3 than . .比.（用比较级） 4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的 eg.Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best film that I have ever seen . 5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越.eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越.就越. eg:The more, the better. 越多越好 (C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。 2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。 3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. (D)掌握三种同义句转换：1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class. 2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isnt as interesting as that one. =That film is more interesting than this one. 3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. Which do you like _, fish, meat _ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and 此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握： 1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。 2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词 enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词 例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。 3.区别几组易混淆的副词: 也 too用于肯定、疑问句 also 较为正式书面语 either 用于否定句 已经 already 常用于肯定句、疑问句 yet 常用于否定句、疑问句 不再 no (not any) longer 从时间上讲 no (not any) more 从动作上讲 如此这样 such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big 单独、独自 alone 作表语 =by oneself 孤独的 lonely 可作表语、定语 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing _ over there. (happy) 练习题 1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill. A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other 2.There isnt _ in todays newspaper. A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important 3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sisters? -No,Mum. Its not _. Its _. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine 4.The Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest 5. An elephant is _ than a horse. A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong 6. Which do you like _, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best 一、介词 1与形容词搭配的词组有： be afraid of （怕） be angry with （生某人的气） be away from （不在某地） be different from （与不同） be good at （善于） be good/ bad for (对有益/有害) be interested in （对感兴趣） be late for （迟到） be/get ready for （为作好准备） be sure of (对有把握) be worried about （为感到担忧） 2介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式 1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well. 3几组易混淆的介词 A “在.之后” in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时） after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时） after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时） 如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. B for +一段时间 since +过去的一点时间 这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。 C be made of 用制成 be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成” D in, on, at表时间 in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等 eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中” 固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天 E. except +宾格/doing something 除之外” （不包括本身） Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. F “用” 通过交通工具 by plane 用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with ones hands G between “在和（两者）之间” between.and., between the two. among 在.之间(三者或三者以上) eg.Sue spent over two hours _ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over 二、连词 1并列连词 bothand 既又谓语用复数动词 neithernor 既不也不含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。 eitheror “或者 或者”“不是就是” and“和” 连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。 but “但是” 表转折，不能与 though 同时出现在句中。 or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用 or，而不用 and。 Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I dont have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters. 2引导宾语从句的连词 陈述句：that 可省略 一般疑问句：if /whether “是否” 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 3引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中) 4引导时间状语从句的连词： A. when（当时候），as soon as（一就），notuntil（直到才），after（在之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。 Eg: I wont leave until he comes back. B. since（自从以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg：We havent met each other since she left here last year. C. while（当时候，一边一边）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。 Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework. 5引导条件状语从句的连词： if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定 eg:1)I dont know if it (rain) tomorrow. 2)If it _ (rain) tomorrow, I _ (not climb) the hills. 3)Joan and Mary havent seen each other_they left school five years ago.A.as B.before C.after D.since 三、构词法构词有法记无定法一、利用构词法记忆： 1合成法：notebooknotebook，schoolyardschoolyard，bookmarkbookmark 2派生法（即在词根上加前、后缀记忆）： en（使有）courageencourage；inter（one with another；face to face）viewinterview；foreigner（人）foreigner，player（执行动作的人）player，sharpener（执行动作的物）sharpener；library（yi）an（人）librarian；miss（v）ingmissing（adj），probable（adj）（l）yprobably（adv），sad（adj）lysadly（adv）；compose（v）（ei）tioncomposition（n），inform（v）（a）tioninformation（n） 3转化法： know（v）knowledge（n） 二、意义关联帮你记忆： dictionarywords，umbrellarain，librarybookshelf，kitchencook 三、英英解释，温故知新： abroadin or to another country，overseas；interviewmeeting with sb说说记忆单词的方法词是构成句子的重要元素，词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我们讲讲怎样记忆单词。 一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。 二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如 learnstudy，betweenamong；反义词归成一类，如 leftright，highlow，strongweak；或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类，如交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，学科类：maths，science，art，geography，频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。 三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如 happy（幸福的），加前缀“un”成为 unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness（幸福）；“pea（豌豆）”与“nut（坚果）”可合成为“peanut（花生）”；when（何时）ever（在任何时候）whenever（无论什么时候）等等。 四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。 五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-irty（在非重读音节中发i）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：contribution，这样就能较快地记住单词。 以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定要留心观察，寻找词与词之间的关系，这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之，只要我们掌握一些科学的方法，并用心去记忆，就一定能记住英语单词。合成形容词英语中有许多种形式的合成形容词，仅在初中阶段需要学习使用的就达九种。现分述如下：1数词单数名词。如：20minute 20分钟的 Its 20minute walk步行20分钟的路程。 secondclass 二等的 Thats the secondclass room 那是个二等房间。 500word 五百字的 This is a 500word composition 这是一篇五百字的文章。2数词单数名词形容词。如：8yearold 八岁的 Mr Green has an 8yearold child 格林先生有个八岁的孩子。3数词名词的ed形式。如：threelegged 三条腿的 Tom bought a threelegged table yesterday 昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。4形容词名词。如： roundtrip来回的；往返的 Do you need a roundtrip ticket 你想要一张往返的车票吗？parttime 非全部工作时间的；兼职的He found a parttime job 他找到了一份额外的工作。5形容词名词的ed形式。如：kindhearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kindhearted 圣诞老人的心肠非常好。6名词过去分词。如：manmade人造的China has sent up many manmade satellites 中国已发射了许多人造卫星。7名词名词的ed形式。如：glasstopped带有玻璃罩的I want to own a glasstopped table 我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。8副词过去分词。如：socalled所谓的I dont like those socalled singers 我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。9副词副词。如：soso马马虎虎；不好不坏的 My English is just soso 我的英语很一般。Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a _. (foreign) 前缀 例词 派生词 un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly im-“不” possible impossible 后缀 例词 派生词 -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver（以e结尾，-r） run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er) win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor -ly（副词后缀） bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例： true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly -ful（形容词后缀） care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful -y （形容词后缀） rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y） snow snowy sun sunny （双写，加-y） wind windy -ion（名词后缀） invent invention operate operation -ness（名词后缀） busy business good goodness 一些特例： 动词 形容词 动词 现在分词转化为名词 sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing 名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen danger dangerous 动词 过去分词转为形容词 difference different fry fried worry worried 动词 名词 break broken know knowledge lose lost fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured 名词 名词 动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 farm farmer 农夫 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语 developed “发达的” developing “发展中的” 练习题 1、Lucy can write a letter_Japanese though she has learned it only a few months. A. from B. to C. in D. with 2、They will have an English test_two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after 3、Wu Dong was born_the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to 4、I haven t heard _ her _ she left home. A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as 5、Tom didnt know_Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow. A. how B. weather C. whether D. what 6、His parents were _ (happy) because he had failed the exam again. 7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _ (safe) at the same place. 8、The_ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon. 思考题 1、The farmer was_tired_he couldnt fall asleep. A. veryto B. tooto C. sothat D.neithernor 2、Work hard, _you wont catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or 3、The game is very _ and shes _ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested