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从高考题看常见从属连词的一词多义
请看2003年全国高考试题第21题:
Don't be afraid of asking for help ____ it is needed.
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
本题考查从属连词一词多义的用法。unless 相当于if… not,引导条件状语从句。since 引导时间状语从句时,表示"自从……以来";引导原因状语从句时,表示"因为,既然"。although引导让步状语从句,表示"虽然、尽管"。A、B、C各项填入空白均与语境不符。此空应填when,这里不是表示时间,而是表示条件,相当于if,意为"如果,假如"。故答案为D。
再看1998年全国高考试题第16题:
Why do you want a new job ____ you've got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
本题同样考查的是从属连词when的一词多义的用法,此题中的答案when意为"既然",相当于since。可见掌握常见从属连词的多义用法是比较重要的。
在英语中,when、 while、 as、 if 、 as long as/so long as 是几个比较常用的从属连词,它们除了常见的意思外,都还有各自不同的意义与用法。下面让我们分别看看这些从属连词的多义用法:
一、when:除表示时间,意为"当……时候"外,还可用来:
1、表示原因,意为"既然",相当于since。如:
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?
既然他们不愿意听我说,我怎么能帮助他们了解呢?
2、表示条件,意为"如果",相当于if。如:
Turn off the machine when anything goes wrong with it.
如果机器出了故障,请关上开关。
3、表示让步或转折,意为"虽然,然而,可是",相当于although。如:
He walks when he might take a bus.
他虽然可以坐公共车,可是他还是步行了。
二、while:除了表示时间"当……时候",还可用来:
1、表示对比,意为"而,然而"。如:
You like sports, while I like reading.
你爱运动,而我爱看书。
Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.
简穿的是咖啡色,而玛丽穿的是蓝色衣服。
2、表示让步,意为"虽然,尽管"。如:
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
虽然你说的我懂,可是我还是不能同意。
三、if:除表示条件和假设外,还可用于:
1、表示时间,意为"无论何时,当……",相当于whenever。如:
If I don't understand what he says, I always ask him.
我不懂他说的话时,我总问他。
If she wants the help she rings the bell.
每当她需要帮助时,她便按铃。
2、表示原因,意为"既然",相当于since。如:
If you don't like this one, why don't you change it?
既然你不喜欢这个,为什么不换一个呢?
四、as:除表示时间(当……时候)、原因(因为)、比较(像……一样)、方式(按照,如同)外,还可以表示让步,意为"虽然,尽管"。但as 引导让步状语时,要用倒装语序。如:
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
虽然我很喜欢这东西,但不想买它。
Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.
他虽然尽了最大努力,仍旧搬不动那块石头。
五、as long as/so long as:
1、表示时间,意为"达……之久"。如:
You can keep the book as long as you like.
这本书你爱看多久就看多久。
2、表示条件,意为"只要"。如:
As long as you tell the truth, I'll try to help you.
只要你告诉我实情,我会尽力帮助你。
3、表示原因,意为"既然,由于"。如:
So long as the weather is changeable these days, we'd better get in wheat in time.
由于这几天气候变化无常,我们最好及时把小麦收完。
试做下面练习题:
1、They kept trying ____ they must have known it was hopeless.
A. if B. because C. when D. where
2、How can he succeed ____ he won't work hard?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
3、____ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
A. Unless B. While C. If D. That
4、Much ____ I like you, I will not marry you.
A. although B. which C. as D. when
5、____ you mix yellow and blue you get green.
A. Since B. Where C. Because D. If
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