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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters易错题集锦
单选题
1、He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:他买了一幢新楼,它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句,先行词是building,_____top is different from those of the others around是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作top的定语,指楼的顶部,用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
2、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
3、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
4、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
5、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
6、Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.
A.whichB.oneC.thatD.it
答案:B
考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A. which指代物;B. one一个;C. that指代人或物;D. it它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除A和C,同时it指代的是同类同物,表示特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
7、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
8、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
9、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
10、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
11、That is the famous university _____my friend and I visited last summer vacation.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:那是我和朋友去年暑假参观的著名大学。此处是定语从句,先行词等于关系词,先行词是the famous university,指物,在从句中做宾语,因先行词在主句中作表语,只能用关系代词that。故选C项。
12、With more and more forests _______, we must take action to protect our earth.
A.destroyingB.destroyedC.to destroyD.are destroyed
答案:B
考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选B。
13、People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
A.WhoB.whichC.whomD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:有兴趣探索艺术与科学之间关系的人将参观新加坡艺术科学博物馆。分析句子可知,people为先行词,作定语从句interest的定语,关系代词为whose。故选D项。
14、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
15、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
16、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
17、This is the best hotel in the city ________ I know.
A.itB.whereC.thatD.which
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:这是我所知道的这个城市最好的旅馆。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是hotel,指物,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句,又因先行词被最高级best修饰,所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选C。
18、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
19、She took photographs of the things and people ______ she was interested in.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.of whom
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知she was interested in为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知,先行词既指人又指物,且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C项。
20、The Battle at Lake Chang jin (《长津湖》) is the most inspiring movie _______ I have ever seen.
A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:《长津湖》是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“movie”,指物,前面有形容词最高级修饰,在从句中作宾语,故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选D项。
21、In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A.damageB.damagedC.damagingD.to damage
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
22、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
23、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
24、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
25、Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为those,引导词使用who。故选C。
26、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
27、I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dress被the same修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词as引导。故选A。
小提示:
28、We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A. who谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语); B. whom谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语); C. whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D. that那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词whose作先行词teachers的定语。故选C项。
29、The nurse will be ______ when needed, so it’s unnecessary to worry about the patient.
A.in the open airB.on handC.in shockD.now and then
答案:B
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:需要时护士会在旁边,所以不必担心病人。A. in the open air在户外;B. on hand在场,在旁边;C. in shock处于震惊之中;D. now and then时而,有时。根据句意可知,不必担心病人,因为如果病人有需要,护士会在旁边,“on hand”意为“在跟前,在旁边”,符合句意。故选B项。
30、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis, and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery ________your pet needs a facelift.
A.in caseB.even thoughC.as ifD.ever since
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:商店出售宠物裤和比基尼,如果你的宠物需要整容,医生会给它做整容手术。A. in case假如,如果;B. even though虽然,即使;C. as if犹如,好似;D. ever since从那时起。根据句意,“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件,应用in case引导条件状语从句。故选A项。
完成句子
31、他在事故中幸免于难。
He was lucky enough to________.
答案:survive the accident
考查动词原形。根据句子结构,此处考查固定搭配“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”,根据句意和汉语提示,设空处缺“在事故中免于难”,可表达为动词短语survive the accident,survive为及物动词,此处用动词原形。故填survive the accident。
32、为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。
Many shelters were set up for ____________________ had been destroyed.
答案:those whose homes
考查定语从句、代词和名词。根据句子结构和句意“那些房屋被毁的人”可知,空格处应用定语从句“those whose homes”,先行词为those,代指人,homes为可数名词复数形式,意为“房屋”,在从句中作主语,先行词在从句中作定语,修饰homes,故用关系代词whose引导从句。故填those whose homes。
33、这是一本如此有趣的书,每个学生都喜欢看。
This is ________ every student likes reading.
答案:such an interesting book as
考查as引导的限制性定语从句。此处为关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句,关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的结构有such…as,the same…as,as…as结构中,此时as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;此处as在句中作宾语;表示“一本有趣的本书”应用an interesting book。故填such an interesting book as。
34、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
It ________________ to hear the news.
答案:shocked his mother
考查时态。根据句意可知,谓语为动词shock,时态使用一般过去时,it作形式主语,后面的不定式to hear the news作真正的主语。故填shocked his mother。
35、我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
We are going to learn some Chinese poems _______________ in the Tang Dynasty.
答案: that/which were written
考查定语从句。分析句子结构, ① in the Tang Dynasty.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词some Chinese poems ,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导该从句。根据时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知用一般过去时。Chinese poems与write之间是被动关系,用被动语态。定语从句中主语是复数,从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填that/which were written。
36、如果一个捕食性动物能吃几个物种,那么它就能在其中一个物种灭绝时幸存下来。
If a predator can eat several species, ________________ the extinction of one of them.
答案:it can survive
考查情态动词+动词原形。分析句子结构可知,“_____ the extinction of one of them.”为主句,“它”为it,作主句主语,“能幸存下来”应用情态动词+动词原形,即can survive,故填it can survive。
37、知识就是力量。
________ is ________.
答案: Knowledge power
考查名词。首字母大写,表示“知识”应用不可数名词knowledge做主语;表示“力量”应用不可数名词power作表语。故答案为①Knowledge ②power。
38、这是我曾看过的第一部美国电影。
This is the first American film ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案: that I have ever seen
考查定语从句。根据句意可知,本空格在句中作film在句中作定语,film在定语从句中作see的宾语,因为先行词被序数词first修饰时,关系词只能用that。根据语境可知,定语从句要用现在完成时,故填(1). that (2). I (3). have (4). ever (5). seen。
39、在紧急情况下,我们应该保持镇静,这点至关重要。
We should ______________ in case of emergency, which matters much.
答案:calm ourselves down
考查固定短语。固定短语:calm down 冷静下来;根据汉语提示,本句主语为we,宾语也是说我们,所以宾语用ourselves,据此可知,空白处填calm ourselves down,故填calm ourselves down。
40、房产泡沫是一种经济形势,这种形势发生在房价上升得太快的时候。
A housing bubble is an economic situation________ ________when house prices rise much too fast.
答案: which/that occurs
考查定语从句。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,指代的是前文的“房产泡沫是一种经济形势”这一客观事实,从句应该使用一般现在时。同时,引导词在从句中作主语,可以使用that或者which;根据汉语提示,表示“发生”应该用occur。故答案为①which/that ②occurs。
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41、. (2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词为species,且先行词被all修饰,从句缺少主语,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
42、Just before September, Miller _________(strike)by a car and lost his right arm. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was struck
考查时态和语态。句意:就在9月之前,米勒被一辆汽车撞倒,失去了右臂。根据时间状语Just before September可知,用一般过去时。主语Miller与strike之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据句意,故填was struck。
43、I stood by the door, not ________ (dare) to say a word. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:daring
考查非谓语动词。句意:我站在门口一句话也不敢说。句中有谓语动词stood by且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词形式,dare意为“敢于”,动词词性,“dare to do sth.”意为“敢于做某事”,句子主语I与dare为逻辑上的主动关系,故应用dare的现在分词daring,在句中作状语,句中daring前加not表示否定。故填daring。
44、A country _______ gains independence has its own government and is not ruled by any other country. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查限制性定语从句。句意:一个获得独立的国家有自己的政府,不受任何其他国家的统治。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,代替指物的先行词country,在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
45、He got up late and hurried to his office, ________ (leave) the breakfast untouched. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:leaving
考查现在分词做状语。句意:他起得很晚,匆匆赶到办公室,早餐还没动。固定短语:leave sth.undone某事没有被做。分析句子可知,本句的谓语为get up和hurry,所以动词leave要用非谓语,主语he和leave为主谓关系,所以leave用现在分词作结果状语,表示理所应当的结果。故填leaving。
46、It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I_______(do)it?(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had done
考查时态。句意:是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话就好像是我干的似的?此处是由as if引导的虚拟语气,题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”,与过去事实相反,as if / though后面的从句用过去完成时(had done)表示对“过去”的虚拟。故填had done。
47、After ________ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查动名词。句意:经过几个月的失眠,我感到身心疲惫。介词after后需接动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
48、One of the most important buildings in this___________(ruin) city is a public bath. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:ruined
考查非谓语动词。句意:这座严重受损的城市中最重要的建筑之一是公共浴池。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入定语修饰city“城市”。ruin意为“毁坏,破坏”,该句中的city与ruin之间为逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词ruined的形式来作定语,也可将ruined用作形容词,意为“荒废的,严重受损的”。故填ruined。
49、In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program, one of_________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子结构可知,逗号后面的部分为非限制性定语从句,先行词为the World Food Program(世界粮食计划署),作从句中purposes的定语,表示所属关系,用关系代词whose引导。故填:whose。
50、Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information_________ you need to know. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:只有当你问许多不同的问题时,你才能知道你需要知道的所有信息。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词information前有all修饰,关系代词只能用that。故填that。
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