复件语法专题突破（四）介词和介词短语Convertor.doc

四 介词、介词短语
(2010·重庆高考)The dictionary is what I want，but I don't have enough money ________ me.
1．介词at 可表示动作、感情的原因，意思是“因……而；一听到(看到/想到)……就”。
Why was the boy surprised the writer's request? 那男孩为什么对作者的请求感到吃惊？
2．on＋名词或v.­ing 形式可表示“一……就”。
On his at the hotel he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.一到饭店，他就径直往柜台走去，并与柜台后边穿制服的店员说话。
arriving home，I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
4．with 的用法
(1)表示“和……在一起、由……陪同或有……在场”的意思。
She her parents. 她同父母住在一起。
(2)表示时间关系，意为“在……过程中”。
time ，they have grown into big boys.随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。
(3)构成with复合结构。
She lay back in the chair her eyes . 她闭着眼睛背靠在椅子上坐着。
(4)指原因或理由。
The small child trembled fear. 小孩吓得打哆嗦。
5．by的用法
(1)表示“不迟于(某时间)，在……之前”的意思。
We have to be home ten o'clock. 我们十点钟之前得到家。
(2)含有“到……的程度”的意思。
This one is than the other three inches. 这一个比那一个短三英寸。
(3)表示买卖东西所用以计算的数或量，或付酬所用以计算的时间。
Milk is sold the pint，butter the pound，and eggs the dozen.
(4)表示“按照……”或“根据……”的意思。
my watch，the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是十一点半。
6．of 与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于对应的形容词。
of＋great/much ＋抽象名词＝very ＋形容词；of ＋no ＋抽象名词＝not＋形容词
It is of / value.＝It is very valuable. 这个东西很贵重。
It is of .＝It is not useful.＝It is useless.它没用。
(2010·北京高考)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ________ everyone's enjoyment.
1．besides，except，except for，but，but for 的区别
(1)besides 表示“除……之外还”，其宾语包括在内。
(2)except 表示“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。
(3)except for 强调整体中的细节，意思是“只是”，前后的事物不属于同类。
(4)but 常可与except 互换，强调“不在其中”。
(5)but for 意思是“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。
Nobody / John knows the city well.只有约翰非常了解这座城市。
We enjoyed the party the loud music.除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩得很开心。
your timely help，I couldn't have finished the work on time.
要不是你及时的帮助，我就不能按时完成这项工作。
2．across，through，over三者都可表示“通过”。
(1)across 指在某一空间内从一端到另一端的表面穿过。
(2)through 指从人群或物体中间穿过，也可用于抽象意义
上的通过。(3)over 是相对于位置的高低而言，强调“翻越”，也常表示跨过一段距离。
They the ocean.他们扬帆横渡大洋
Cars are not allowed to go the centre.禁止汽车在市中心穿行。
3．with，by ，in三者可用来表示“用……(工具、手段、材料)”。
(1)with 多用于有形的工具或身体的某部位、器官前。
(2)by 多用于无形的工具、方式、方法、手段前。
(3)使用语言、原料、材料时多用 in。
You can cut the wood the ax.你可以用斧头砍木头
She makes her living selling insurance.她靠卖保险为生。
(2010·辽宁高考)I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.
常用的介词短语
owing to 由于 due to 由于 because of 因为 instead of 而不是，代替
with the purpose of 以……为目的 for fear of 以免，害怕 in case of 以防……，
thanks to 多亏了 according to 根据 regardless of 不管、不顾 for lack of 因缺乏
by means of 借助于 for the sake of 为了……起见 in favor of 支持 in memory of 为了纪念
in need of 需要in charge of 掌管in all 总共，共计in terms of 就……而言，
[高考在线]
1．(2010·四川高考)Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.
A．in B．below C．beside D．against
2．(2010·江苏高考)So far we have done a lot to build a
low­carbon economy，but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A．next to B．far from C．out of D．due to
3．(2010•湖北高考)It is illegal for a public official to ask
people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A．in preference to B．in place of C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
4．(2010•福建高考)More and more high­rise buildings have
been built in big cities ________ space.
A．in search of B．in place of C．for lack of D．for fear of
5．(2009•北京高考)The wine industry in the area has
developed in a special way，________little foreign ownership.
A．by B．of C．with D．from

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