主动语态与被动语态.doc

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Many people speak English．（主动语态）

English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）

1．被动语态的构成

由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。

注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：

My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）

The door is open．（门开了。）

2．主动语态改被动语态的方法

1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：
①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；
③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。

2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：
①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；
②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：
give sb sth
He gave the boy an apple．
→The boy was given an apple (by him)．

give sth to sb
He gave an apple to the boy．
（或An apple was given to the boy(by him) ．）
buy sb sth
Her father bought her a present．
→She was bought a present by her father．
buy sth for sb
Her father bought a present for her ．
（或A present was bought for her by her father．）

3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．

→The children were watched to sing that morning．

4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：

We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．

He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．

They told her to help me．→She was told to help me．

5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：

We must take good care of the young trees．
→The young trees must be taken good care of．

3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：

1）被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语，按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。如：
History is made by the people．
→The people make history．

2）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如：

Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。

You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿？

The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。

Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。

She appears to be(looks) friendly．她看上去很友好。

4．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义

1）在need，want，require，deserve(值得)和bear（承担、忍受、支撑）等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：

The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：
How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！

Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。

Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。

Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1． We often use a recorder in our English class.

2．They will show a new film next week.

3．When did they build the house?

4．I saw the boy enter the room.
5．Will they show a new film next week?

6．Have they posted the letter yet?

7. We often see him help his classmate.

8．You must turn off the light before you go to bed.
9. Who is repairing the bike?

10. The student should learn all the texts by heart.

Ⅱ.选择填空:
1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned

2.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked

3.Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept

4.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent

5.Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. has taken place D. has been taken place

6.Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in

7.The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending

8.________ his work ________ yet?
A. Have…been finished B. Has …been finished
C. Has …finished D. Have…finished

9.The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned

Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1． Can he ________ (speak) English?

2． What language ________ (speak) in that country?

3． The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.

4． These TV sets ________ (make) in Sichuan.

5． It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?

6． A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.

7． Rice ________ (grow) in the south.

8． The window ________ (not break) by the boy.

Ⅳ．将下列句子改为被动语态.
1. They will say nothing more about this matter.

2. They have made some flowers of silk.

3. He wrote a poem.

4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.

5. They are to open up a new business next week.

6. Children couldn’t have done all this damage.

7. All of us will see him off at the airport.

8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.

9. You must hand in your homework before five.

Ⅴ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. English ________ (speak) in many countries.

2. Information in short-term memory ________ (can, not, keep) very long.

3. After that, one of the lights _______ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.

4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes _______ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.

5. New copies of the book _______ (print) now.

6. The old house _______ (pull) down next month.

7. In the old days, the children _______ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.

8. Needless to say, the second list of words ___ ___ ___ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.

9. She _______ (send) to another village two years ago.

10. The teacher said that we _________ (give) another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam.

一．句型转换
1. We gave away some books to the children.(改为被动语态)
Some books to the children by us.
2．The girl came up with a good idea.(改为被动语态)
A good idea by the girl.
3. Bill Gates wrote The Road Ahead 《前方的路》 in 1995.
(改为被动语态)
The Road Ahead Bill Gates in 1995.
4．The key is used for locking the door.(对画线部分提问)
is the key for?
5. This kind of machine was invented by Tom.(对画线部分提问)
this kind of machine invented by?

二． 将下列句子变为被动语态：

　 1. We often sing this song.

　　_______________________________

　　2. He broke his leg in the match.

　　_______________________________

3. She will sell her house soon.

　　_______________________________

　　4. He is repairing the machine.

　　_______________________________

　　5. He has finished his work.

　　_______________________________

　　6. We call him Lao Wang.

　　_______________________________

　　7. We must do something to help her.

　　_______________________________

8. He gave me some old magazines.（两个答案）

_______________________________

______________________________

9. He told me to wait at the gate.
_______________________________

10.I teach English .

11.They made this kind of car in China.

12.He broke the glass.

13.You must sweep the floor every day.

14.John answers all the questions.

15.They will finish the work soon.
16. She can do it well.
参考答案
I、1.A recorder is often used in our English class.
2.A new film will be shown by then next week.
3.When was the house built by them?
4.The boy was seen to enter the room.
5.Will a new film be shown by them next week?
7.He is often seen to help his classmate.
8.The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9.Who is the bike being repaired by?
(By whom is the bike being repaired?)
10.All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
II、
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
III、
1.speak 2.is spoken 3.has been shown
4.are made 5.turn 6.is being built
7.Has returned 8.is grown 9.wasn’t broken
10.was told didn’t come
Ⅳ．1. Nothing more will be said about this matter.
2. Some flowers of silk have been made by them.
3. A poem was written by him.
4. Some trees and flowers are being planted by the students.
5. A new business is to be opened up next week.
6. All this damage couldn’t have been done by children.
7. He will be seen off at the airport by all of us.
8. The tigers at the zoo are fed three times a day (by them).
9. Your homework must be handed in before five (by you).
10. It is said that she is a good teacher. (That she is a good teacher is said by them.)
Ⅴ. 1. is spoken 2. cannot be kept 3. was turned off 4. were believed
5. are being printed 6. will be pulled 7. were taken care of
8. can be remembered 9. had been sent 10. would be given