LearningaboutLanguage.docx

A Review Lesson: Restrictive Attributive ClauseⅠ
限制性定语从句 （by江津中学 张亚丽）
Grammatical terms（语法术语）
clause[ klɔ:z ] n. 从句 attributive[ə'trɪbjʊtɪv]n.定语
antecedent[ˌæntə'si:dənt ] n. 先行词 adverbial[æd'vɜːbiəl] n. 状语
relative[ 'relətiv ] n. 关系词 adverbial of time 时间状语
subject[ 'sʌbdʒikt ]  n. 主语 adverbial of place 地点状语
object[ 'ɔbdʒikt ]  n.宾语 adverbial of reason 原因状语
complicated sentence 复杂句 simple sentence 简单句

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this class, students are able to:
1. Well know the usages of relatives in restrictive attributive clause;
2. Use restrictive attributive clauses properly by reading a story:
“A Boy and an Apple Tree”, doing relevant exercises and sharing their understanding.

Learning Procedure:
Stage1: Lead in: Students enjoy some pictures of the teacher’s previous students studying at some well-known universities around the world and play a guessing game with them via listening.

Stage2: Review the usages of the relatives in restrictive attributive clause. (Presentation)
Step1: Read the beginning of the story silently and underline attributive clauses by yourself.
A Boy and an Apple Tree (the beginning)
Long long ago, there was a boy whose best friend was a huge apple tree. The tree loved the boy who also loved him. There was a wonderful time when they played together happily all day long.
Time going by, the boy grew up and no longer played around the apple tree where he once spent his happy childhood. That was also the reason why the tree felt sad and lonely. The tree missed the little boy whom he used to play with.
One day, the boy came back, upset, for he didn’t have money to buy the toys which he liked best. The boy sold all the apples, bought the toys and left.
定语从句(attributive clause)是修饰__________或__________的一种从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫_______________,引导定语从句的词就叫做______________。
Step2: Observe the examples, discuss and find the rules in groups.

The usages of relatives(关系词)
Examples
Grammar Rules
1. Today I want to tell you a story which/that is about a little boy and a huge apple tree.
The relative is which/that→(person/thing);
functions as (subject?/object?)
2.Long long ago, there was a boy whose best friend was a huge apple tree.
The relative is whose→thing and person;
functions as (subject?/object?attributive?),
meaning “……的”
3.The tree loved the boy who/that also loved him.
The relative is ___________→(person/thing);
functions as (subject?/object?)
4.There was a wonderful time when they played together happily all day long.
The relative is __________→(time/place/reason);
functions as (subject?/object?/adverbial of time),
meaning “在那时”
5.Time going by, the boy grew up and no longer played around the apple tree where he once spent his happy childhood.
The relative is ___________→(time/place/reason);
functions as (subject?/adverbial of place/object?),
meaning “在那里”
6.That was also the reason why the tree felt sad and lonely.
The relative is ___________→(time/place/reason);
functions as (subject?/object?/adverbial of reason)
meaning “因为这个原因”
7.The tree missed the little boy whom/that he used to play with.
The relative is ___________→(person/thing);
functions as (subject?/object?)
8.One day, the boy came back, unhappy for he didn’t have enough money to buy the toys that/which he liked best.
The relative is____________→(person/thing);
functions as (adverbial of time?/subject?/object?)
Tips:
In this sentence, the relative is______; it refers to______(person/thing/time/place/reason) means________________ (还原法还原出来的简单句), and functions as_______ (subject/object/attributive/ adverbial of time/adverbial of place/ adverbial of reason)
Step3: Conclude the rules.

Antecedent
Relative
Function

Relative
Table
Pronouns

thing
which
subject, object
person, thing
that
subject, object

whose

who

whom

Relative Adverbs

when

where

why

Stage3: Apply the rule (Practice)
Step1: Read the development of the story and complete
Eexercise1: Cloze by yourself.
(Complete the passage with relatives in the online Rainclassroom)
A Boy and an Apple Tree (the development)
After a few years, the boy needed a house for his family. The tree provided the boy with his branches 1 birds usually built their nests. He was soon very delighted to have got the branches 2 could be used to build a house. Several years later, the boy returned again, upset. The reason 3 he explained to the tree is that he wanted a boat for sailing. The tree offered the boy his trunk.
1. A. that B. which C. where D. who
2. A. that B. why C. whose D. where
3. A. that B. why C. whose D. who
Tips:
1. Circle the key word.
2. The key to NO.1 (2/3) is______. It refers to______ (person/thing/time/place/ reason), means_____________________________________, and functions as_______ (subject/object/attributive/ adverbial of time/adverbial of place/ adverbial of reason)
Step2: Read the ending part of the story and complete
Exercise2: Proof-reading in pairs.
A Boy and an Apple Tree (the ending)
After many years, the boy came back. The tree had nothing to offer but his dying root. ①That is the reason which the tree was sad with tears. ②The boy hugged the tree root and recalled the good old days which he was young, playing happily around it. ③It was really a wonderful time when is worth cherishing forever.
Tips:
1. Circle the key word.
2. In sentence NO①/②/③, the antecedent (先行词) is________. It refers to______ (thing/place/reason) and functions as______(subject/adverbial of time/adverbial of place/ adverbial of reason), so we should change________ into_______.

Stage4 Production & Emotion Sublimation（情感升华）
Step1:Read the whole story and try to share your feelings of the story using attributive clauses (at least 3-4 sentences) in groups.
The Whole Story of “a Boy and an Apple Tree”
Long long ago, there was a boy whose best friend was a huge apple tree. They loved each other very much. There was a wonderful time when they played together happily all day long.
Time going by, the boy grew up and left the tree. One day, the boy returned. The reason why he was back was that he didn’t have money for his favourite toy. The tree offered the boy all his apples that he could sell to buy his favourite toy.
Years later, the boy came back again. This time he needed a house for his newly-born boy. The tree provided the boy with his branches where birds usually built nests to build a house for his newly-born boy. The boy was more than happy and left.
Several years later, the boy returned again, very upset. He wanted a boat to go sailing. The tree gave the boy his trunk which could be used to make a boat sailing in the sea.
After many years, the boy returned. The tree had nothing to offer but his dying root. The boy realized the old tree root is the best place where he could have a good rest. Actually, it is a story concerning everyone of us.
Your feelings:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step2: Enjoy a video clip about our parents’ raising us up.
Step3: Do a thing or fulfil a task to express gratitude to your parents
(write it down (using attributive clause) and put it into reality).

Homework
1. Review restrictive attributive clause the usages of the relatives;
2. Read, voice“A Boy and an Apple Tree” in the Online Classroom(在手机或平板的在线课堂配音朗诵（实时评分）) and write a passage on “Thanksgiving” using attributive clauses.
Assessment rules:Voice the story loudly (1’)
Voice the story fluently (1’)
Voice the story correctly (1’)
Voice the story emotionally(2’)
Inquiry(探究) Learning after class
1.
2.
3.
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving