AppendixIIIGrammarglossary.docx

非 谓 语 动 词 (教师版)
指出下列非谓语的句法功能：
1. To see is to believe. (主；表) 2. I want to go there alone. (宾)
3. He ordered me to do it. (宾补) 4. I have nothing to do. (定)
5. He is not old enough to go to school. (结果状语) 6. Smoking is a bad habit. (主)
7. His job is teaching English. (表) 8. He gave up smoking. (宾)
9. This is a reading room. (定) 10. The news is exciting. (表)
11. The sleeping child is my brother. (定) 12. Hearing the news, he cried. (时间状语)
13. I saw him going downstairs. (宾补) 14. He was surprised at the news. (表)
15. The stolen car was found at last. (定) 16. I noticed the window broken. (宾补)
17. Given another chance, I will succeed. (条件状语)

Practice:
一 、作主语，表语
1.(13福建)_______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
2.(09四川)He told us whether__________ a picnic was still under discussion.
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
3.(06上海)Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use________ with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
4. --- What made Celia so happy?
---__________ a prize in the recent competition.
A. As she won B. Won C. Winning D. Because of winning
5.(09四川) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
Keys：1---5: CABCA
3. It’s no use/good, not any use/good, useless + doing sth
5. remain + adj./-ing/-ed 保持某种状态
remain silent/standing/seated
seat :vt. seat sb / oneself(表动作) 或 sb be seated(表状态)

二、作宾语
6.(06北京)I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
7.(09上海) Bill suggested____________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
8.(12北京)One learns a language by making mistakes and_____________ them.
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
9. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
10.There are many differences between the two. I really don’t know________.
A. which to choose B. what to choose
C. to choose which D. to choose what
11.(07江苏) ---Can I smoke here?
--- Sorry. We don’t allow_______________.
A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
12.(12湖南) We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs__________ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
Keys：6---12: CCDBA DC
归纳：后只接动名词作宾语的动词:
admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, can't stand, devote… to…, give up, get down to, get/become accustomed to…, insist on, stick to ,feel like, look forward to, pay attention to , set about,…
归纳：只接不定式充当宾语的动词：
decide/determine, fail, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help...
11. allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth
allow/advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth
eg: We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow people to smoke here.
12.sth need/ require/ want doing sth /to be done

13.(07安徽)---Robert is indeed a wise man.
---Oh, yes. How often I have regretted____________ his advice！
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
14.As soon as the bell rang, the teacher asked the students to stop________ and__________ in their papers.
A. writing; handing B. writing; to hand C. to write; handing D. to write; to hand
15.(08湖南)Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried__________ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
Keys：13---15 DBA
归纳：可接动名词/不定式作宾语,但意义不同的动词: forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, can't help...

三、作定语
16.(07湖南) “Things __________never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
17.(12重庆)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision__________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
18.(07全国)---The last one ____________ pays the meal.
---Agreed！
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
19.(06安徽) Mr. Green stood up in defense of the l6-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _________.
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
20.(11江苏) Recently a survey__________ prices of the same goods in two different supermarket has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared
21.(09重庆) With the world changing fast, we have something new___________ with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing
22. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _________?
A. to be bought B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
23.(13湖南) You cannot accept an opinion_________ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered
24.(11湖南) The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing B expressed C. to express D. to be expressed
25.(13山东) The room is empty except for a bookshelf__________ in one corner.
A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood
26.(13天津) In some languages,100 words make up half of all words_______ in daily conversations.
A. using B. to use C. having used D. used
Keys：16---20: AACCB 21---26 CADCA D
归纳：不定式作定语的几种情况：
18.被序数词/最高级限定的中心词后常接不定式作定语。(He is the best man to do the job.)
19.to blame “ 应受到遣责,该负责任”
eg: If someone is to blame, it is me.
Who is to blame for the failure?
21.不定式作定语常用句型
sb have sth to do (有sth要做，主语自己做)
sb have sth to be done (有sth要做，别人做)
22.There is sth to do /to be done.
24.用不定式来修饰的抽象名词 ability, chance/opportunity, way, attempt等.
归纳: 分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语表主动或进行，过去分词作定语表被动或完成。
拓展：用discuss的非谓语形式填空
The question ___________________now is important. (being discussed)
‚The question ___________________ yesterday is important. (discussed)
ƒThe question ___________________tomorrow is important. (to be discussed)

四、作补语
27.(12上海)As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed_______ into the sports club.
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
28.(07全国) I smell something _________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burning D. to be burnt
29.(12四川)I looked up and noticed a snake__________ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound
30.(13北京)When we saw the road__________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked
31. The missing boys were last seen ___________ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
Keys：27---31 BACDA
归纳：感官动词：see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel 等后接省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作补语。
see sb do sth → sb be seen to do sth (强调全过程)
see sb doing sth→ sb be seen doing sth (动作正在进行着)
eg: ①I heard her sing a song just now. →She was heard to sing a song just now.
②I heard her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday.
32.(11陕西)Claire had her luggage_________ an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
33.(07江苏)My parents have always made me _____ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good
34.Why are you always leaving your things_____ here and there?
A. lying B. to lie C. lay D. to be lain
35.(11重庆)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind
36.(09全国)They use computers to keep the traffic__________ smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
37.(12四川) Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_________.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
Keys： 32---37DDACDA
归纳: have/get等词接非谓语作宾补
32. have sb do sth 使/让某人做某事
have sb doing sth 使/让某人一直做；容忍某人做某事(疑问/否定句中)
have sth done 使某事被做; 遭遇……
have sth doing 使/让某物一直处于某种状态
33. make sb do sth
make sth/sb done
34. leave sb/sth doing sth 让……一直处于某种状态
leave sth undone留下某事未被做
①The guests left most of the dishes untouched , because they didn’t taste delicious.
②Don’t leave your work unfinished.
36. get sb to do sth=have/ let/ make sb do…
get sth done
get sb/sth doing sth 使某人开始干起某事来(强调由静到动的过程，宾语与补语之间是主动关系)

38.(07 福建)---Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
---Sorry. With so much work ___________my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
39.(07安徽)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
40.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled
Keys: 38---40: BAA
归纳： with的复合结构
with +宾语+ adj. / adv./介词短语/ to do sth /doing sth / done
eg: ① With the boy leading the way , we found the village easily.
② The prisoner came into the room, with his hands tied.
③With a lot of work to do, I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight.

五、作状语
41.(10浙江)When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
42. (09重庆)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace,_______ with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
43.(13北京) ___________ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
44.(13重庆) When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,_______ me storied till I was asleep.
A. having told B. telling C. told D. to told
45.(11陕西)______ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer
46.(13安徽)____in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
Keys: 41---46 CDBBC C
归纳：分词作状语表示时间，条件，原因，伴随，让步，方式等；其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。

47.(13山东) I stopped the car_________ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
48.(04湖南) You were silly not ______________ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
49.(12四川)They took a taxi to the airport, only_______ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
50.(12辽宁)This machine is very easy__________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
51.(10江苏) The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classroom.
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
52.(07天津) The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
Keys：47---52: CBBDA B
归纳：不定式常作目的, 原因和结果状语。
不定式作结果状语, 往往引出 “ 出乎意料” 的结果，如第49题。
现在分词作结果状语，与句中谓语有因果关系，是自然导致的结果，如第51、52题。
50.不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式。eg: The book is difficult to understand.

六、非谓语的时态和语态
53.(10 山东) I have a lot of readings ___________before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
54.(06湖北) AIDS is said _________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
55.When I went in, he pretended __________ a newspaper.
A. to read B. to be reading C. reading D. to have read
56.（08重庆）Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one_______ first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
57.I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
Keys:53---57 BDBDB
归纳：不定式一般式，进行式，完成式及被动式等，来表示不定式动作与谓语动词同时或先时发生或不定式的动作与逻辑主语之间主、被动关系。

54. sb is said to do sth
It is said that sb will do sth
sb is doing sth
sb did/ has done sth
sb is said to do sth
to be doing sth
to have done sth
eg:①It is said that he will go abroad next week. = He is said to go abroad next week.
②It is said that he has gone abroad. = He is said to have gone abroad.
③It is said that he is writing a novel. = He is said to be writing a novel.
57. plan ,intend ,mean, want ,hope, wish ,expect 等动词的过去完成时，加不定式的一般式，或者这类动词的一般过去时，加不定式的完成式；was/were, would/should like 加不定式的完成式； was/were going to加不定式的一般式等常用来表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算等。
eg: I had planned to attend your wedding, but I was too busy then.
I intended to have finish the job earlier.
I was going to attend the meeting, but an unexpected guest visited me.

58.( 08安徽)_________in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of the spring.
A. To walk B. Walking