名词复数不规则变化.doc

名词复数的不规则变化 内部元音字母发生变化。如：footfeet足 manmen 男人 mousemice鼠 womanWomen女人policemanpolicemen警察toothteeth牙齿 词尾发生变化。如： oxoxen 公牛 childchildren孩子 有个别名词单复数形式一样。如：deerdeer鹿 fishfish 鱼 sheepsheep羊meansmeans方法 worksworks工厂 表示“某国人”的单、复数变化单复数同形。如：ChineseChinese中国人 JapaneseJapanese日本人 SwissSwiss瑞士人词尾加-s。如：GermanGermans德国人 RussianRussians 俄罗斯人 RomanRomans 罗马人 AmericanAmericans美国人 AustralianAustralians 澳大利亚人 IndianIndians印度人变man为men。如：FrenchmanFrenchmen法国人 EnglishmanEnglishmen英国人 复合名词的复数变化把复合词中的主体变复数。如：a son-in-law sons-in-law 女婿 a passer-by passers-by 过路人 a looker on lookerson 旁观者如没有主体名词，则在词尾加-s。如：a grown-up grown-ups 成年人a go-between go-betweens 中间人分开写者，通常在第二部分词尾加复数。如： a boy student boy students 男学生 a girl friend girl friends 女朋友但第一部分为，时，两部分皆变复数。如： a man teacher men teachers 男教师 a woman doctor women doctors 女医生或女博士常用不规则动词过去式、过去分词表am,is wasbeen是 givegavegiven给 seesawseen看 arewerebeen是gowentgone去 sellsoldsold卖 beatbeatbeat,战胜 growgrewgrown生长sendsentsent送b ecomebecamebecome变成 have,hashadhad有setsetset设定 beginbeganbegun开始 hearheardheard听到shakeshookshaken握手blowblewblown吹 hidehidhidden隐藏shallshould将要 breakbrokebroken打碎 hithithit打击shineshinedshined照耀 bringbroughtbrought带来 holdheldheld保持shootshotshot发射buildbuiltbuilt建造hurthurthurt伤害showshowedshowed,显现buyboughtbought买keepkeptkept保持shutshutshut关闭cancould可以knowknewknown知道singsangsung唱catchcaughtcaught抓住laylaidlaid放置sinksank,sunksunk沉没choosechosechosen选择leadledled带领sitsatsat坐comecamecome来learnlearnedlearned学习sleepsleptslept睡觉costcostcost花费leaveleftleft离开smellsmelledsmelled嗅cutcutcut剪切lendlentlent借给speakspokespoken讲dealdealtdealt经营letletlet让spendspentspent度过digdugdug挖掘lielay,liedlain,lied躺下standstoodstood站立do/doesdiddone做loselostlost丢失stealstolestolen偷drawdrewdrawn画makemademade制造sweepsweptswept打扫dreamdreamed,dreamed,做梦maymight能够swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk喝meanmeantmeant意思taketooktaken拿drivedrovedriven驾驶meetmetmet遇见teachtaughttaught教eatateeaten吃mistakemistookmistaken误解telltoldtold告诉fallfellfallen落下oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头thinkthoughtthought想feelfeltfelt感觉paypaidpaid支付throwthrewthrown扔fightfoughtfought战斗putputput放置under-standunder-stoodunder-stood懂findfoundfound找到readreadread读wakewoke,woken,唤醒fleefledfled逃走rideroderidden骑乘wearworeworn穿戴flyflewflown飞ringrangrung包围willwould将forgetforgotforgotten忘记riseroserisen上升winwonwon赢freezefrozefrozen冷冻runranrun跑writewrotewritten写getgotgot,到达saysaidsaid说动词第三人称单数变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加S在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为z。如：stopstopssmakemakess2、以辅音字母加y结尾的，要先将y变为i，然后在加es读iz如：flyfliesz；carrycarriesz3、以s,x,ch,sh结尾的，在词尾加es，发音为iz如：teachteachesiz;watchwatchesiz4、以o结尾的动词，加es，读z如：gogoesz动词变现在分词的变化规则:1. 直接在动词原形后面加-ing。如：readreading cookcooking talktalking2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词把e去掉加-ing。如：writewriting makemaking3.以一个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing。如：runrunningcutcuttingswimswimming动词的过去式及过去分词的构成：规则动词的变化：一般动词词尾加-edlook-looked,looked以e结尾词尾加-dlive-lived,lived以辅音字母+Y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry-carried,carried以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped,stopped