复件句子的成分和基本句型(学案）.doc

一. 句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。(要求:括号里写出划线的部分的词性,形式或担任的成分)
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:
Lily likes her new bike.(_______词)
He gets up early every day.(________词)
To learn English well is not easy.（_____________短语）
Reading in the morning is a good habit for students.
(____________短语）
What I want is a computer.( _____________从句)
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语用动词充当。例如：
We work hard. (___________词)
The boy caught a bird. ( ___________词)
He is my father. ( ___________词)
They all look fine. ( ___________词)
The concert has started. ( ______词＋__________词)
I can eat two bowls of rice now.( ______词＋__________词)
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：(填出be的正确形式) I _____ reading. You _____ reading. He\She _____ reading. We _____ reading.
三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，说明主语“做什么”。例如：
Tom bought a story-book. （__________词）
I saw him yesterday. （___________词）
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （_____________短语）
I enjoy reading novels.( _______________短语)
I don't know where the post office is.( ____________从句)
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语 直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
( ______宾语) (_______宾语)
四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，表语由名词、形容词、不定式、从句、数词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：
My sister is a nurse. （__________词）
They were at home. （_________短语）
She got angry. （______________词）
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（________词）
My dream is to go to Bejing University.（________短语）
My hobby is listening to popular music after supper. （________短语）
This is why we put off the meeting.（________从句）
五、 定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：This is a green cup. （___________词）
Shanxi is a province rich in coal.（__________短语）
Are these students your classmates? （___________词）
Winter is the coldest season of the year.（_________短语）
I have something important to tell you.（__________短语）
The people here are very friendly.（___________词）
The girl sitting in front of the classroom is my sister.（______短语）
The bike stolen by the thief has been found.（__________短语）
The house is the place where we once studied.（__________从句）
注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如：You are quite right .（__________词）
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (__________短语)
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （___________短语）
He stopped to have a look. （__________短语）
Listening to music,Tom was doing his homework.
（__________短语）
Where there is a will ,there is a way.（__________从句）
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：
We call her Xiao Li.
宾语 宾语补足语
You must keep the room clean and tidy.
(_________语) (___________语)
John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
宾语 宾语补足语
I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
(________语) (___________语)
We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now. 宾语 宾语补足语
Make yourself at kome.
(________语) (___________语)
句子成分巧记歌诀:
主谓宾表定状补， 七种成分记清楚。
句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。
定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。
主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最灵活。
Exercises:
指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
1．We all study hard at English.
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语
2．Betty likes her new bike very much.
A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
3．My brother is a policeman.
A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语
4．Were you at home last night?
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
5．Winter is the coldest season of the year.
A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
6．He often walks in the park.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语
7．Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
8．He bought me a nice present last week.
A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
9．His parents are doctors.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语
10．I’ll get you some tea now.
A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
11．My mother told us an interesting story last night.
A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
12．He has read the book twice.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语
13．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.
A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
14．Do you have something to eat ?
A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补
15．We made him our monitor.
A.宾语 B.定语 C. 状语 D.宾补
16.That we are invited to a concert is good news to us.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语
17.He has made it clear that he will not give in.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语
18.You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
19. The man who is walking on the playground is my old friend.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
二. 基本句型
由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：
(要求:口头翻译下面句子,并说出划线的部分在句子中的成分)
1． S＋V;（主语 ＋ 不及物动词）
1) I can swim.
2) Everything changes.
3) The plane has already arrived.
2． S＋V＋O;（主语＋＋及物动词＋宾语）
1)I like English.
2)They are reading books .
3)He bought a computer last week.
3． S＋V＋P;（主语＋连系动词＋表语）
1) My mother is a scientist.
2) She looks young.
3) The food tastes very delicious.
4． S＋V＋IO＋DO;（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
此类动词还有:offer,teach,show,lend,bring等.
1) My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday.
2)Can you give me the math book?
3)Will you tell us something about your school life?
5． S＋V＋O＋Oc;（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语）
此类动词还有:see,hear,notice,feel等.
1) We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.
2) My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.
3) I heard her singing happily in the room just now.
简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。
句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。
系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。
及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。
还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
Exercises:
指出下列句子的基本类型
1．They are listening.
2．My mother is fifty now.
3．I have bought three books.
4．My friend gave me a birthday present.
5．I painted the wall white.
6．The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.
7．They arrived at six o’clock.
8．The map is on the wall
9．Children often sing this song.
10．Mr Wu teaches us English.
11．She showed her friends all her pictures.
12．I find him a lovely boy.
请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。
1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.
2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.
3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.
4. The new rule came out.
5. Enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.
6. They can stop using plastic bags.
7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.
8. Shops don’t offer free plastic bags to their consumers.
9. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
10. Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.

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