主谓一致语法.doc

主谓一致
 主谓一致，即句子的主语和谓语在数上要保持一致。它是中学英语重点语法内容之一，也是高考必考的语法点之一。下面我们从三方面来看看高考中有关主谓一致的一些高频考点。

　　A单一主语的情况

　　1、谓语用单数
　　▲当主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等时，谓语动词用单数，如：
　　The work is important.
　　To serve the country is our duty.
　　▲代词each以及由every、some、no、any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each、 every时，谓语动词用单数，如：
　　Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, hopes to go to university.
　　▲表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数，如：
　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
　　▲当主语是一本书、一条格言或一个学科时，谓语动词常用单数，如：
　　Mathematics is my favorite.

　　2、“the + 形容词/分词”作主语时：
　　▲指“一类”人或事物时，谓语动词常用复数，如：
　　The poor need help from the society.
　　▲指“某一个”人或“抽象的”事物时，谓语动词用单数，如：
　　The agreeable is not always the useful.

　　B并列结构作主语的情况

　　1．当主语是由and并列的两个或两个以上的部分组成时，谓语动词一般都用复数，如：Reading and writing are very important. 如果当主语虽然是由and并列的两部分组成，但表示的是一个单一的概念时，即指同一人或同一物时(and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词)，谓语动词用单数，如：
　　The iron and steel industry is very important.
　　2、当主语由“either...or...”或“neither...nor...”连接时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致，如：
　　Either you or she is to go.
　　3、当主语是由“not A, but B”或“not only A, but also B”结构组成时，谓语动词的数取决于B的数，如：
　　Not you but your brother is to blame.
　　4、当主语后面接有由with、together with、like、except、including、but、no less than、as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词的数与这些词前面的主语的数保持一致，如：
　　All but Jane know the secret.

　　Ｃ其他情况

　　1、“One of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”中，从句的谓语动词一般用复数，如：
　　This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
　　但如果“one”前有“this、the、the only”等词修饰时，定语从句的引导词指代one，作从句主语时，从句谓语动词用单数，如：
　　He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
　　2、在there be句型中，当真正的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的那部分保持一致，如：
　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
　　3、如果句子是由here、there引导，而主语不只由一个词构成，且表示复数概念时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语一致，如：
　　Here are two books for you.
　　4、当主语被half of、part of、most of、a portion of等修饰时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词、代词保持一致，如：
　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
　　5、在这样一些短语，如“many a”或“more than one”所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式，如：
　　Many a person has read the novel.
　　但由“more than...of”作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致，如：
　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
　　6、主语是“a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) + 复数名词”时，谓语动词常用复数，如：
　　A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan.
　　There are a variety of toys in this shop.
　　注意：“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类) + of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：
　　The number of students in this college has doubled.
　　The variety of goods in this shop is rich.

　　【真题演练】
　　1. All the employees except the manager ______ to work online at home. (2004广东)
　　A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
　　2. No one in the department but Tom and I ________ that the director is going to resign. (2004上海春)
　　A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
　　3. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. (2000全国)
　　A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
　　4. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (2004北京)
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
　　5. The number of people invited _______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. (1996全国)
　　 A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
　　6.— How are the team playing?
　　— They're playing well, but one of them ______ hurt. (2002北京春）
　　A. got B. gets C. are D. were
　　7. I told him what I was surprised _________ his attitude towards his study. (2000上海春)
　　A. is B．was C. at is D．at was
　　8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another. (2000上海)
　　A. is B. are C. am D. be
　　9. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ____ sea.
　　 A. is B. are C. were D. have been
　　10. His "Selected Poems" ___ first published in 1965.
　　A. were B. was C. has been D. are

　　【答案及解析】
　　1-5 DACAC 6-10 ADBAB
　　1. 句意：公司鼓励除经理之外的所有雇员在家网上办公。
　　分析：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；本句主语部分是All the employees except the manager，谓语动词的数同except前面的部分保持一致，用复数，同时主语和谓语动词之间存在被动关系，选D。
　　2. 句意：除了Tom和我，这个部门的人都不知道经理准备辞职。
　　分析：当but连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词的数应该根据but前面的部分来确定，本句主语是No one，谓语动词用单数。
　　3. 句意：那个地区有五分之二的区域长满了草和树。
　　分析：“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由分数所修饰的名词决定，本题中land是真正的主语，谓语动词用单数。注意分数的表达方法。
　　4. 句意：地震发生时，老师和她班上的6个女孩和8个男孩正在参观博物馆。
　　分析：with、together with、 rather than、as well as、 but等结构后接的不是真正的主语。本句主语是the teacher，谓语动词用单数。
　　5. 句意：被邀请的人数是50个，但许多人因为各种原因缺席。
　　分析：the number of 和a number of作主语时，谓语动词有所不同，前者用单数，后者用复数。
　　6. 句意：——球队打得如何？
　　 ——他们打得不错，不过一个队员受伤了。
　　分析：本题考查主谓一致和时态的用法。首先从主谓一致入手，one of them为单数主语，可以先排除C和D；根据句意，“有个人受伤了”，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，选A。
　　7. 句意：我告诉他说我对他的学习态度感到惊讶。
　　分析：该句中what引导的从句整个作told的直接宾语，而这个宾语从句实际上是由陈述句I was surprised at his attitude towards his study转化而来的，what指代“his attitude towards his study”。同时句中be surprised at为固定搭配，at不可省略；主句用一般过去时，从句也相应用过去时，选D。
　　8. 句意：不仅是我，Jane和Mary也厌倦了一个又一个的考试。
　　分析：Not only...but also短语作主语，根据就近原则，谓语动词的数与but also后面的名词的数保持一致。Jane and Mary是复数，谓语动词用复数，且整个句子描写的是现在的状态，用一般现在时。
　　9. 句意：地表的四分之三是水。
　　分析：the surface不可数，谓语动词用单数，且是常识，用一般现在时。
　　10. 句意：他的诗集Selected Poems于1965年首次出版。
　　分析：主语是作品名，谓语要用单数；”in 1965”决定了用过去时。符合两条要求的只有B。