the united kingdom 词汇短语详解.doc

consist vi. 在于, 存在于; 组成, 构成　　
consistent adj. 协调的，一致的
习惯搭配：
1) consist of 由…组成, 由…构成, 包括
(注意:不能用于被动语态和进行时态)
= be made up of／be composed of 由……组成
This club consists of more than 200 members.
The United Kingdom consists of/is made up of/is composed of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。
2) consist in 在于, 存在于
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
3) consist with 一致,符合
What he does doesn’t consist with what he says. 他的言行不一致。
4) be consistent with ……与……一致
翻译：他言行不一。（action, words）
The organization ______ the eight richest countries in the world.
A. is consistent with
B. is made up
C. consist of
D. consists in

divide 分, 划分；分裂
The teacher divided our class into four groups.
We shall not let such a small matter divide us.
divide的常用搭配:
divide …into … 把 …分成 …
be divided into……被分成……
divide A from B 使分离; 使分开
divide … by… 用…除以
divide, separate都有“分开”之意。
divide指把一个整体按要求分成几个部分，暗示分配之意。其后常接介词into, among, between等
separate指把两个人或物分开。常与介词from搭配构成separate...from，意为“把……和……分开(隔)”；另外还有“离别，分手”之意。
The world is divided into five continents.
Let’s divide the cake into three.
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.
The two communities are separated by a highway.
1). The apple was _______ into two.
2). We _______the money equally.
3). The Taiwan Strait ________ Taiwan from Fujian.
Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ____ one-year-old twins at the head.
A. isolated
B. separated
C. divided
D. removed

puzzle v.&n. 使迷惑；难题
puzzling 令人感到困惑的（adj.）
puzzled 感到困惑的（adj.）
Your question is puzzling.
What she said made her husband puzzled.
He didn’t understand the ______ question, so there was a ______ expression on his face.
A. puzzling; puzzled
B. puzzling; puzzling
C. puzzled; puzzled
D. puzzled; puzzling

Refer to
提到，说到或者涉及某人/某物(mention)
Don’t refer to this matter again, please.
针对，有关(relate to)
The new law doesn’t refer to the farmland.(耕地)
查资料；参考(turn to/consult)
The speaker often refers to his notes.

The professor _______ at the meeting will give us a lecture next week.
A. referred
B. referred to
C. referring
D. referring to

as well
常用作状语, 作“又；也”解, 相当于too或also, 常位于句末, 无须用逗号与句子分开。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well（＝going, too）. 我要到伦敦去, 我妹妹也要去。
I not only play the guitar, I sing as well（＝I also sing ）.
我不但弹吉他, 而且还演唱。
辨析as well与as well as用法
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分, 作“也, 还”解。它强调的是前一项, 后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时, 谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only ...but also...连接时, 谓语动词与后一项一致。如：
Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。
（＝Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me. ）
as well as 用来表示同级比较, 指“一样好”。如：
You look as well as you did ten years ago.
你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。
He plays the guitar as well as you.
他的吉他弹得和你一样好。

1. They play all kinds of instruments and sing ____.
A. also B. either C. as well D. as well as
2. Tom, ____ Jane and Rose, ____ going to the farm on foot.
A. as long as; is B. as well as; are
C. as long as; are D. as well as; is
6. he doesn't speak ____ her friend, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. as often as
C. so much D. as good as

To one’s credit 值得赞扬的是……
Credit
n. 信用，信誉；（金融）贷款；学分；信任；声望
vt. 相信，信任；把……归给；归功于；赞颂
I didn't credit that absurd tale
我不相信那个荒谬绝伦的故事。
Are you paying by cash or credit?
请问您用现金还是信用卡支付吗？
He received full credit for his studies at a previous school.他在一所先前的学校取得了所有课程的学分。
His credit is good. 他的信用好。
credit card 信用卡；记帐卡
credit system 信用制度；信贷制度；赊购或赊销制度
credit risk 信用风险；信贷风险；信用危机
on credit 赊帐

break away (from sb./sth.)挣脱, 逃脱
The prisoner broke away from his guards.
Can you break away from old habits?
What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position?
break的习惯搭配:
break down 抛锚, 出故障,身体跨了，精神崩溃了
break into 闯入, 突然发出
break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾) 爆发
break off 中断
break a record　打破记录
break up 拆开，结束；解散(婚姻结束，谈判破裂)
（1）单项填空
①News reports say peace talks between the two countries _________ with no agreement reached.
（2010•01•河南镇平检测）
A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
②He ________ his engagement just before the wedding. （2010•01•河南郑州检测）
A. broke out B. broke away from
C. broke off D. broke up
用适当的介词或副词填空
① Thieves broke ______ the house when the couple were watching TV.
② A quarrel broke _________ between them.
③ The soldiers broke ________ the enemy’s defence works.
④ The school has broken _________ for the holidays.
⑤Dad would occasionally break ________ with a suggestion.
⑤ Tom broke ________ the door of our classroom last week.
[即学即练8]
(1)It was wrong for him to __________________ all his good friends. 他和他的好朋友决裂是错误的。
(2)The elevators in the building are always _______________. 这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。
(3)If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll ____________ sooner or later.
如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。

convenience n. 方便, 便利；便利的事
I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience.
It's a great convenience to live in town.　
习惯搭配:
at one’s convenience 在方便的时候
for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见
make a convenience of sb. 利用某人 　
be convenient for sb./sth. 对于……是方便的
for the convenience of sb. 为了方便某人
We bought this house for its convenience.
我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
Please come at your convenience.
请在你方便的时候来。
Gas is one of the conveniences the newly built apartment building provides.
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等设备。
派生词：convenient adj. 方便的，便利的
搭配为：
be convenient for sb./sth. 对……方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便。
² 提示：convenience 意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。convenient 为其形容词形式，用做表语时，主语不能是人，常用于 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.这一句型。
（1）单项填空
Come and see me whenever _______ .
（2010•01•江苏南京检测）
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
（2）翻译句子
①你如果方便就来看看我。
②你明天方便开始工作吗?
解析：(1) 选C。convenient的主语不可以是人，排除A、B两项。whenever引导的是时间状语从句，其谓语动词要用一般现在时，不可以用一般将来时。
(2)①Come and see me if it is convenient to you.
②Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?

influence :表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。如：What you read influences your thinking.
你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
Television has a strong influence on people.
电视对人有很大的影响。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
搭配：
Have (an) influence on/upon sb/sth. =have (an) effect on/over sb./sth 对……有影响力
Have influence over sb/sth. 对……有支配力/约束力
翻译：
那些朋友对她有负面影响。（have a bad influence on）
她的父母对她不再有真正的约束力了。（have influence over）

9. leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑
You have left out the most important word in this sentence. 你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。
Don’t leave me out when you invite people to your party.
当你邀请人们去参加聚会时，别把我漏掉了。
联想拓展
leave for 动身到(某处)
leave alone 不管；撇下……一个人
leave aside 搁置
leave behind 遗忘；遗留
（1）单项填空
The printer has left ______ two lines from this paragraph.（2010•01•河南洛阳西安检测）
A. off B. out C. over D. with
（2）用适当的介词或副词填空
①They were left ________ in the wilderness.
②He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
解析：(1) 选B。考查词组辨析。leave off表示“停止、中断或脱掉”；leave out表示“漏掉， 忘掉，省略”；leave with常表示“把……留给……”。句意为：印刷的人在这一段中漏掉了两行。
(2)①alone②out

take the place of代替,取代
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。
2) I’ll take the place of Mr. Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr. Lin's place next week．
下周我将代替林老师。
【相关短语】
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
【即境活用】用place的相关短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
(1)I’ll __________________ my father to run the company.
=I’ll _______________________ to run the company.
我将代替我父亲管理公司。
(2)I can’t go to the meeting myself, so Mary will ______________.
我不能亲自出席会议，因此玛丽将替代我。
(4)Their wedding will ____________ next month.
他们下个月举行婚礼。
(5)Please put the book _________.请把书放在原处。

arrange v. 筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列
arrangement n. 安排，筹备
arrange sth. 整理，布置，排列；安排，筹备
arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
arrange (with sb.) to do sth. (与某人)约定干某事
arrange that... 商定……；安排
make arrangements for 安排好
come to an arrangement 达成协议
提示：不能用 arrange sb. to do sth. 结构，应该使用 arrange for sb. to do sth. 结构。

5．delight vt. 使……高兴/欣喜
n.[U]高兴，快乐，喜悦；[C]令人愉快的事
(much) to one’s delight/surprise/disappointment
to one’s (great) delight使某人(大为)高兴的是
take/find/have delight in (doing) sth. 喜爱，以……为乐
be delighted at/by/with sth. 因/对……感到高兴
be delighted to do sth./that－clause 高兴地去做……
It is a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事

attract vt. 吸引，引起注意。
派生词：attraction n. 吸引
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的
搭配为：
attract sb’s attention 吸引某人的注意
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
What first attracted me to her was her sense of humor. 他首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。

Worth/worthwhile/worthy
生词
用法
例句
Worth
Sth. be (well) worth + n./ doing
The Great Wall is well worth seeing,
worthy
Sth. be worthy of + n./ of being done/to be done
The Great Wall is worthy of a visit/of being visited/to be visited.
worthwhile
It is worthwhile to do/doing sth
It is worthwhile to visit/visiting the Great Wall.

如：
那个地方值得一去。
正：The place is worth a visit.
正：The place is worthy of a visit.
正：The place is worth visiting.
正：It is worth visiting the place.
正：The place is worthy of being visited.
正：The place is worthy to be visited.
正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.
正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.

重点句子：
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
Find Wales included中的过去分词included做宾语Wales的补足语，构成“谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语（过去分词）”结构。
I find my hometown greatly changed when I went back.
They found the guests gone.
除了用过去分词作宾补之外，”find+宾语+宾补”结构还有几种搭配。
Find+宾语+介词短语
Suddenly I found my mother at the edge of the river.
Find+宾语+形容词
Li Ming found himself wet when he arrived home.
Find+宾语+现在分词（表示主动和正在进行的动作）
Tom found the girl walking in the direction of the small village.
Find+宾语+名词
I find him the man who saved me.

To their credit, the four countries do work together in some area (e.g., the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.
Do在句中是助动词，强调动词work，意为“的确，确实”。Do作为助动词在句中起到加强语气的作用时，有时其动词形式会有所变化：一般现在时，句子的主语是第三人称单数时，强调谓语动词的do要用does，在一般过去时中，强调谓语动词的do则应该改为did
，而被强调的动词都使用动词原形。
Do be careful!
He does like English.
I did tell you the news last night.

It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
Built in the 19th century 是过去分词作定语，修饰前面的cities，built与cities之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，相当于一个定语从句：which/that were built in the 19th century. 如：
People say it is the most beautiful city surrounded by mountains.= People say it is the most beautiful city which is surrounded by mountains.
It is a pity that ……是一个主从复合句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。如：it is a pity that you can’t stay longer.
常见的用it做形式主语的复合句结构有：it’s a fact (a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news) that……
是个事实（遗憾/可惜/难怪/好消息）……
It is no wonder that he knew so much about it. He made a thorough investigation.

It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rules in 1066.
本句中的built by the Romans 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词，用法类似下面的begun by以及constructed by …… 过去分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句。因为被修饰的名词与动词之间的关系为被动，所以用过去分词。

You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
Keep one’s eyes open意为“睁大眼睛”，open在此是形容词，做宾语补足语。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语（adj, adv, prep, v-ed, v-ing）”是英语中的常见结构。
Please keep the door open.
You’d better keep yourself away from the fire.
He wants you to keep him informed of how things are going with you.

Make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile “使……值得”。Make后面接复合宾语，其结构为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，具体情况如下：
名词作宾语补足语
E.g. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
They make him captain.
形容词作宾语补足语
The news made him sad.
不带to的不定式作宾语补足语
He made us work from morning till night.
= We were made to work from morning till night.
过去分词作宾语补足语。
I’m afraid I can’t make myself understood.

A Small Self-test:（自我测验）
1.（2011. 江苏模考）Tom’s team is _____ 55 players while Mary’s _______ 70 players.
A. composed of; makes up
B. consists of; make up of
C. made up; consists of
D. made up of; consists of
2. （2011. 湖北模考）When will the government its position on equal pay for equal work for women?
A. divide B. classify C. convince D. clarify
3.（2008. 山东）Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at 4 o’clock and take me to the airport?
A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
4. 欢迎在您方便的时候给我面谈的机会。
I should welcome an interview ________________ .
5.（2010. 江苏）Thousands of foreigners were ______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached
6. What _______ me first was that there was a big house with an _______ garden. (attraction)
7. All these new students will be divided _______ 12 classes. Then these classes will be divided the teachers.
A. too; in B. among; into
C. into; by D. into; among
8. （2009. 江苏）---I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _______ .
---So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up
10. （2008. 湖北）The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details while retelling the story.
A. bring out B. let out C. leave out D. make out
11. In the past, we often _______ a mooncake several parts to enjoy it.
A. separated; from B. divided; into C. cut; from D. divided; from
12. （2011. 山东模考）State what it and how it is constructed.
A. is consisted of B. consists of C. makes up of D. be made up of