1、(每日一练每日一练)2023)2023 年人教版高中英语必修一年人教版高中英语必修一 Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4NaturalDisasters 典型例题典型例题 单选题 1、The house,_I bought last year,needs to be repaired.AwhichBwhereCthatDwhen 答案:A 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是 the house,所以应用关系代词 which 来引导。故选 A。2、After several _ to climb Qomo
2、langma,he finally reached the top of it.AattemptsBattacksCchaptersDdisasters 答案:A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试,他终于登上了山顶。A.attempts 尝试;B.attacks 攻击;C.chapters(书的)章,篇,回;D.disasters 灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知,他最终到达顶峰,所以应该是经过几次尝试了。故选 A 项。3、The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember
3、,came from Liverpool.AwhatBthat ChowDas 答案:D 考查关系代词 as 引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处 as 引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作 remember 的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what 用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that 引导限制性定语从句。how 引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选 D。4、I can never understand the reason _ he explained to me.AwhyBthatCwhenDwhere 答案
4、:B 考查定语从句。句意:我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词 reason 在从句中充当 explain 的宾语,应用关系代词 which/that,故选 B 项。小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:1.找出先行词:reason 2.分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词 reason 在从句_ he explained to me 中充当宾语,应用关系代词 which/that 3.考虑特殊情况:无 故选 B 项。5、The police found the
5、two“stolen”notebooks were left in a gift bag_the original blue box_the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.Acontaining;whereBto contain;whichCcontaining;/Dto contain;that 答案:C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain 与逻辑主语 a gift bag 为主谓关系,应用
6、现在分词 containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为 the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词 in 的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词 that/which,也可省略。故选 C 项。6、Two“stolen”notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag _the original blue box _the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.Acontainin
7、g,whereBto contain,whichCcontaining,/Dto contain,that 答案:C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯 达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词 contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词 a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语 a bright pink gift bag 之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown
8、 envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词 the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词 in 后的宾语,应用关系代词 which 或 that 引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选 C 项。7、The boy is always found_in reading books.Ato buryBburyingCburiedDburies 答案:C 考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in 是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选 C。8、With more
9、 and more forests _,we must take action to protect our earth.AdestroyingBdestroyedCto destroyDare destroyed 答案:B 考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是 with 的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选 B。9、Do you know anything about the accident _ in the street yesterday?AhappenedBwas happenin
10、g Cwhich happenedDwhich was happened 答案:C 考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是 the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词 which,结合时间状语yesterday 可知,从句谓语 happen 为一般过去时,不及物动词 happen 不能变为被动。故选 C 项。10、But since test scores still_gaokao(college entrance exam),it may be difficult to completely_
11、private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.Adeliver wrap upBdecide stick to Cdominate root outDdepend throw out 答案:C 考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A.deliver 投递、wrap up 包裹、圆满完成;B.decide 决定、stick to 坚持;C.dominate 占主导地位、root out 根除;D.depend 取决于、throw out 扔掉。根据
12、句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选 C。11、When the big earthquake happened,in less than a minute,the whole city lay _.Ain ruinsBin troubleCin dangerDin shock 答案:A 考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble 处于不幸中;in danger 处于危险中;in shock 震惊。地震发生导致
13、整个城市成为废墟。故选 A。小提示:12、A sport with a broom on ice _ requires bowling _ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.Athat precisionBthat diversity C/precisionD/diversity 答案:A 考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是 sport,在从句中作主
14、语,应用关系代词 that 或 which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词 precision。故选 A 项。13、Memories of tears and laughters came _ as he visited his secondary school.Aflooding backBflooding inCflooded backDflooded in 答案:A 考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back 意为“涌回”;固定短语搭
15、配 come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood 与逻辑主语 Memories 为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选 A 项。14、Peter can be really difficult at times _ hes a nice person in general.Aeven ifBas thoughCas ifDif only 答案:A 考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A.even if 即使,尽管;B.as though 似乎,好像;C.as if 似乎,好像;D.if only 要是.就好了。空前表示 Peter 有时候
16、很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有 A 项 even if 可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选 A 项。15、The project savings from cooling is about$4,000 a year on a new roof _ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.AwhatBwhoseCwhichDsuch 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约 4000 美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长 50%左右。分
17、析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 a new roof,关系词和 life span 之间是所属关系,应用whose 引导,在从句中作定语。故选 B 项。16、In China,many modern cities have excellent subway systems _ can take people everywhere in the city.AwhatBwhereCwhichDwho 答案:C 考查定语从句。句意:在中国,许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是 systems,指物,关系词在定语从
18、句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词 which 引导定语从句。故选 C。17、It is very important to remain_in an emergency.AcalmBstillCquietDsilent 答案:A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A.calm 镇静的;B.still 静止的;C.quiet安静的;D.silent 沉默的。根据 an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选 A。18、I felt _ than when we were moving towards it.AcalmlyBmore calmCc
19、almestDcalmer 答案:B 考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than 前面用比较级,calm 的比较级是 more calm,在系动词 felt 后做表语。故选 B。19、Looking at green,growing things can put people in a better _.AshelterBremarkCmoodDzone 答案:C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:看着绿色,生长的东西可以让人心情更好。A.shelter 庇护所;B.remark 评论;C.mood 情绪;D.zone 区域。短语:put sb.in a.mood“使某人有的情绪”,
20、故选 C。20、One day,an idea _ Waters that maybe her cooking could help her make some money.AstruckBbeatCoccurredDrecalled 答案:A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A.struck 击打,突然想到;B.beat 打败;C.occurred 出现,(想法)产生;D.recalled 回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到”的含义,需要用到 sth.strikes sb.或 sth.occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以
21、动词要用过去式。故选 A 项。21、Ill ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood_Im very puzzled about;and thats also _ most of our classmates have doubt.Awhich;whatBwhy;thatCwhich;whereDthat;how 答案:C 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“Im very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”
22、是物,因此第一空用关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“.的地方”,因此第二空用 where 引导表语从句,故选 C。22、A real friend is someone_support we can count on.AwhoseBwhichCwhatDwho 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_support we can count on 是一个定语从句,先行词是
23、someone,从句当中的 support 前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选 A。23、The new law has come into _ and it will surely _ the industry of the country.Aaffect;effectBeffect;effect Caffect;affectDeffect;affect 答案:D 考查 effect 和 affect 的用法。句意:新法律已经生效,它肯定会影响这个国家的工业。come into effect 为固定搭配,意为生效,开始实施;affect影响;effect 作名词讲
24、时,表示作用,影响;作动词讲时,表示实现。第二空助动词 will 后用动词原形 affect,根据句意和分析句子成分可知,D 项正确。故选 D。24、We all like the teachers _class is interesting and creative.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDthat 答案:C 考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A.who 谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语);B.whom 谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语);C.whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从
25、句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D.that 那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词 teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词 whose 作先行词 teachers 的定语。故选 C 项。25、_ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.AAnyone whoBWhoever CNo matter whoDThose who 答案:D 考查定语从句。句意
26、:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的 400 米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除 C;anyone 作先行词时,关系代词 who 是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除 A;whoever 引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除 B;those 作先行词时,关系代词 who 是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故 D 项符合题意。故选 D。小提示:26、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to _hasnt done it.AanyoneBt
27、hose whoCwhoever thatDsomeone who 答案:D 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知,anyone 可作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用 who/that 引导且不能省略,故 A 项错误;those 作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用 who 引导,who 指代 those,是复数概念,助动词应用 have,故 B 项错误;whoever 引导句子作介词 to 的宾语,且在从句中作主语,连词 that 多余,故 C 项错误;someone 作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在
28、从句中作主语,可用 who 引导,who 指代 someone,是单数概念,助动词用 have,故 D 项正确。故选 D。27、The solider _ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDwhich 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替先行词 solider,指人,在从句中充当定语修饰从句主语 arms,所以应填关系代词 whose。故选A 项。28、It seems _ nothin
29、g would ever stop her from continuing this work.Aas ifBeven ifCin caseDif 答案:A 考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if 即使;C.in case 假使;D.if如果。It seem as if.“看起来好像.,似乎.”,as if 引导表语从句。故选 A。29、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis,and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery _your pet needs a facelift.
30、Ain caseBeven thoughCas ifDever since 答案:A 考查状语从句。句意:商店出售宠物裤和比基尼,如果你的宠物需要整容,医生会给它做整容手术。A.in case假如,如果;B.even though 虽然,即使;C.as if 犹如,好似;D.ever since 从那时起。根据句意,“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件,应用 in case 引导条件状语从句。故选A 项。30、Of the six people injured in the crash,on
31、ly two _.AcancelledBsurvivedCattractedDpublished 答案:B 考查动词词义辨析。句意:在车祸中受伤的六个人中,只有两人幸存。A.cancelled 取消;B.survived 幸存;C.attracted 吸引;D.published 出版。根据句意可知,句中六人在车祸中受伤了,由此可知,句中指受伤的六人中只有两人幸存,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故选 B 项。完成句子 31、她是通过考试的女孩之一。She is one of the girls _.答案:who have passed the exam.考查时态和定
32、语从句。此处可用定语从句,由句意“通过考试的女孩之一”可知,说明过去发生的事对现在产生的影响,从句时态现在完成时;先行词是 the girls(复数),指人,在从句中作主语,关系代词用 who,且此处 who 指代 girls 是复数,从句谓语 have passed,从句宾语 the exam。故翻译为:who have passed the exam。32、他直接上床睡觉了,没有关电视。He went to bed straight,_.答案:leaving the television on 考查现在分词。“没有关电视”也就是他上床睡觉的时候,电视仍然处于开着的状态,用“leave sb
33、./sth.+adj./介词短语/现在分词/过去分词”来表示“使处于某种状态”,“使电视处于开着的状态”译为:leave the television on。分析句子成分可知 leave 应作伴随状语,与主语 he 是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填leaving the television on。33、她说话的口气好像以前去过那儿似的。She talks_ _ _ _ _ _ _.答案:as if she had been there before 考查方式状语从句和虚拟语气。表示“好像”应用 as if 引导方式状语从句,由语意可知,从句部分应用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反,用过
34、去完成时,即用 had done 结构,故表示“好像她以前去过那里”应为as if she had been there before。故空处 1 填 as,空处 2 填 if,空处 3 填 she,空处 4 填 had,空处 5 填 been,空处 6 填 there,空处 7 填 before。34、谁是你家的顶梁柱?Who is the person _ _ _ _?答案:that supports your family 考查定语从句。根据句意可知,空处是定语从句,修饰先行词 the person,先行词在定语从句中做主语。因为本小题是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句,所以只用关系词 th
35、at。“顶梁柱”即为“养家糊口的人”,可以用“support ones family”。本句是叙述一个事实,要用一般现在时。故本空格可填(1).that (2).supports (3).your (4).family。35、We are going to learn some Chinese poems _ in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习在唐朝时期创作出来的一些中国诗歌。答案:that/which were written 考查定语从句和时态。表达“创作”应使用动词 write。分析句子可知,空处应使用 that 或 which 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 poem
36、s(复数,指物),并在从句中充当主语成分。由于 poems 与动词 write 之间是被动的关系,且 write 这个动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 that/which were written。36、Even if he _,he never gave in.即使遭遇许多困难,他从不屈服。答案:suffered from a lot of difficulties 考查一般过去时、固定短语和名词。根据句意,空处意为“遭遇许多困难”,由于主句谓语 gave up 为一般过去时,从句谓语“遭受”也应用一般过去时,为 suffered from;“许多困难”为 a lot of
37、 difficulties。故填suffered from a lot of difficulties。37、他在事故中幸免于难。He was lucky enough to_.答案:survive the accident 考查动词原形。根据句子结构,此处考查固定搭配“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”,根据句意和汉语提示,设空处缺“在事故中免于难”,可表达为动词短语 survive the accident,survive 为及物动词,此处用动词原形。故填survive the accident。38、此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了 40 万。The number of
38、 people_in the quake _.答案:who were killed or badly injured was more than 400,000 考查定语从句和主谓一致。结合原句,分析句子可知,全句讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时;“地震中丧生或身受重伤的”是定语,修饰名词 people,可表达为限制性定语从句:who were killed or badly injured in the quake,其中关系代词 who 代替先行词 people 在从句中作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式,所以 be 动词用 were;第二空中,因主语是“the number of+复数名词”,视为单
39、数,所以 be 动词用 was,“超过 40 万”用more than 400,000 表示。故填who were killed or badly injured;was more than 400,000。39、这是一本如此有趣的书,每个学生都喜欢看。This is _ every student likes reading.答案:such an interesting book as 考查 as 引导的限制性定语从句。此处为关系代词 as 引导的限制性定语从句,关系代词 as 引导限制性定语从句的结构有 suchas,the sameas,asas 结构中,此时 as 在从句中作主语、宾语
40、和表语;此处 as 在句中作宾语;表示“一本有趣的本书”应用 an interesting book。故填 such an interesting book as。40、多达 100,000 人观看了这场拳击赛。_ 100,000 people watched the boxing game.答案:As many as 考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知,此处需要翻译“多达”,且修饰可数名词 people,应用固定短语 as many as。位于句首首字母大写。故填 As many as。语法填空 41、His bad conduct had an effect _ his reputation.
41、(用适当的词填空)答案:on 考查介词。句意:他的不良行为影响了他的声誉。have an effect on“对有影响”是固定短语。介词 on 表示“关于”。故填 on。42、On social media sites,people tend to post only positive updates _ make them appear happy and friendly.(用适当的词填空)答案:which#that 考查定语从句。句意:在社交媒体网站上,人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐友好的积极消息。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 positive updates,指物,关系词
42、在从句中作主语,可用 which 或 that 引导。故填 which/that。43、Martin Luther King gave a famous and inspiring speech _ started with the words“I have a dream”.(用适当的词填空)答案:that#which 考查定语从句。句意:马丁 路德 金发表了一篇著名而鼓舞人心的演讲,他的开场白是“我有一个梦想”。分析可知,空格处引导的是限定性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词 speech 是物,因此空格处用关系代词 that或 which。故填 that 或 which。44、That i
43、s the house_ roof was blown off by the strong wind.(用适当的词填空)答案:whose 考查定语从句。句意:那就是房顶被大风刮掉的那所房子。定语从句修饰先行词 house,从句缺少定语,故用whose 引导。故填 whose。45、The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees_(suffer)the greatest water shortage.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:had suffered 考查动词时态。句意:在树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最为严重。根据句意可知,
44、suffer 的动作发生在“was greatest”之前,因此空格处时态用过去完成时,表示过去的过去发生的动作,因此空格处是 had suffered。故填 had suffered。46、In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.(用适当的词填空)答案:whose 考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词 whose。故填 whose。47、The suggestion _ he came up with
45、 is practical.(用适当的词填空)答案:that#which#不填 考查定语从句。句意:他提出的建议很实际。“_ he came up with”是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the suggestion,指物,且从句缺少宾语,应用 that 或 which 来引导,此处也可以省略关系代词,故填that/which/不填。48、The park was full of people,_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:enjoying 考查现在分词。句意:公园里有很多人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知,_(en
46、joy)themselves in the sunshine 作 people 的定语,enjoy 与其逻辑主语 people 之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填 enjoying。49、Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information_ you need to know.(用适当的词填空)答案:that 考查定语从句。句意:只有当你问许多不同的问题时,你才能知道你需要知道的所有信息。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词 information 前有 all 修饰,关系代词只能用 that。故填 that。50、It _(strike)me that the setting of the story is in such an era when the girls education was second to the boys.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:struck 考查动词时态。句意:我突然想到,故事的背景是在这样一个女孩受教育次于男孩的时代。陈述过去的动作,谓语动词应用一般过去时态。strike 的过去式为 struck,此处考查句型 It struck sb that.,意为“我突然想到”。故填 struck。