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(每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters重点知识归纳
单选题
1、With more and more forests _______, we must take action to protect our earth.
A.destroyingB.destroyedC.to destroyD.are destroyed
答案:B
考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选B。
2、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
3、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
4、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
5、Public schools in the United States have to be neutral about religion ______ they close for holidays like Christmas.
A.in caseB.as ifC.in thatD.even though
答案:D
考查让步状语从句。句意:美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立,即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in that因为; D.even though即使。结合句意可知,学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课,美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系,选项D符合题意,故选D。
6、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
7、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
8、The villagers, ________had been washed away by the flood, received the government's aid.
A.all their propertiesB.all of their properties
C.all whose propertiesD.all of whose properties
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词whose。不定代词all修饰名词时需要使用介词of,意为“所有的……”。故选D。
9、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
10、The bird flu ________through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, ________16 persons.
A.sweeps; killedB.swept; killingC.sweeping; to killD.sweeping; killing
答案:D
考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,席卷亚洲的禽流感已经从鸟类传播到人类至少20次,造成16人死亡。A.sweeps; killed 席卷;杀死;B.swept; killing 席卷;杀死;C.sweeping; to kill席卷;杀死;D.sweeping; killing席卷;杀死。分析句子可知谓语动词是has jumped,推断两个空格处都是非谓语动词,排除A选项(sweeps是第三人称单数);第一空处The bird flu和sweep之间是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语,排除B(swept是过去式或过去分词);第二空处用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺其自然的结果,排除C(动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果)。故选D。
11、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
12、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
13、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
14、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
15、I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.as
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我认为这是我叔叔编的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一个定语从句,由于先行词story在定语从句中作主语,且被形容词的最高级修饰,因此关系代词只能用that,故选C。
16、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
17、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
18、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
19、From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
20、I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dress被the same修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词as引导。故选A。
小提示:
21、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
22、We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A. who谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语); B. whom谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语); C. whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D. that那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词whose作先行词teachers的定语。故选C项。
23、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
24、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
25、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
26、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
27、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
28、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
29、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
30、I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whyB.whoseC.thatD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。
完成句子
31、你在其他任何地方都不可能找到像开化国家森林公园这么宁静、美丽的地方,它的美无法形容。
Nowhere else ________ such a quiet and beautiful place ________ Kaihua National Forest Park, ________ beauty is beyond description.
答案: can you find as whose
考查倒装和定语从句。否定词nowhere放在句首,主句用部分倒装结构。such ...as ...如此……以至于……。句中先行词为Kaihua National Forest Park,在非限定性定语从句中作名词beauty的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意,故填can you find;as;whose。
32、他写了一本书,我忘记了书的名字。
He has written a book ________ I’ve forgotten.
答案:whose name
考查定语从句。表示“书的名字”用a book’s name,分析可知,空白及之后的内容为定语从句,先行词为a book,作name的定语,所以关系词用whose,结合汉语提示,故填whose name
33、The economy is beginning to_________(复苏). (根据汉语意思完成句子)
答案:revive
考查非谓语动词。句意:经济开始复苏。revive意为“复苏”,分析句子结构,begin to do为固定用法,意为“开始做”,设空出需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式作宾语。故填revive。
34、一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名, 被称为万婴之母.
She________ ________ ________the mother of ten thousand babies,having________over fifty thousand babies in her lifetime.
答案: was known as delivered
考查固定短语、动词和时态。be known as是固定短语,意为“因作为……而出名”,分析句子可知,此处应填动词作谓语,且时态应为一般过去时,主语为She,故此处应填was known as;表示“接生”应用动词deliver,结合前文的having可知,此处应用动词的过去分词形式,故空处应填delivered。故填①was②known③as④delivered。
35、一句多译
令全世界震惊的是,这架飞机起飞几分钟后就坠毁了。
1 .________ was that the plane crashed just minutes after take-off. (主语从句)
2 .The plane crashed just minutes after take-off, ________.(定语从句)
答案: What shocked the world which shocked the world
1 .考查主语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用主语从句翻译“令某人……是”,应该用连接代词what引导这个主语从句;根据后面的was,主语从句应该用过去时。故翻译为What shocked the world。
2 .考查定语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用定语从句翻译“飞机坠毁”这件事“令世界震惊”,要用一个关系代词代指逗号前的“飞机坠毁”这件事,并且引导非限制性定语从句,只能用which;根据前面主句的时态是一般过去时,从句应该用一般过去时。故翻译为which shocked the world。
36、这个病人张了张嘴好像要说什么。
The patient opened his mouth ________________ something.
答案:as if to say
考查状语从句的省略。根据句意可知用as if表示“好像”,be to do表示“要做某事”,本句实际上是一个省略句,完整形式为as if he was to say,在as if引导的方式状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时可省略从句的主语和be,故填as if to say。
37、我们队又进了一球。看起来我们要赢得比赛了。
Our team has scored another goal. It looks________.
答案:as if we are going to win the game
考查表语从句。结合句意可知,空处用as if“好像”引导表语从句,“赢得比赛”译为win the game,根据“Our team has scored another goal.”可知,空处表示符合实际情况或很快要实现的事,无需用虚拟语气,应用一般将来时,表示有迹象要发生的事情,用be going to do结构,故填as if we are going to win the game。
38、她说话的口气好像以前去过那儿似的。
She talks___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________.
答案: as if she had been there before
考查方式状语从句和虚拟语气。表示“好像”应用as if引导方式状语从句,由语意可知,从句部分应用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时,即用had done结构,故表示“好像她以前去过那里”应为as if she had been there before。故空处1填as,空处2填if,空处3填she,空处4填had,空处5填been,空处6填there,空处7填before。
39、老师正在与那位在事故中失去妈妈的学生说着什么。
The teacher is saying something to the student________ ________ ________in the accident.
答案: whose mother died
考查定语从句。分析句子设空处应该使用定语从句修饰先行词the student。根据汉语提示,定语从句中缺少定语,表示“……的”应用关系代词whose,同时表示的是过去的事实,故使用一般现在时。故表示“失去妈妈的学生”应该用whose mother died。故填whose mother died。
40、如果一个捕食性动物能吃几个物种,那么它就能在其中一个物种灭绝时幸存下来。
If a predator can eat several species, ________________ the extinction of one of them.
答案:it can survive
考查情态动词+动词原形。分析句子结构可知,“_____ the extinction of one of them.”为主句,“它”为it,作主句主语,“能幸存下来”应用情态动词+动词原形,即can survive,故填it can survive。
语法填空
41、After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from ________ (damage). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:being damaged
考查非谓语动词。句意:在他退休之后,老人尽其所能去保护旧庙不被损坏。固定短语protect...from doing“使……免受,保护”,the old temple与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,因此使用动名词的被动式。故填being damaged。
42、What differed from the previous case was that the suspect________(destroy)the database and the corresponding data. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had destroyed
考查过去完成时。句意:与前一案件不同的是,嫌疑犯已经销毁了数据库和相应的数据。分析句子可知,空处为表语从句的谓语,结合句意可知,destory的动作在主句动作was之前已经完成了,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时,the suspect与destory之间为主动关系,所以应用过去完成时的主动语态。故填had destoryed。
43、Without oxygen, the brain ________(damage) quickly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:is damaged
考查动词语态。句意:没有氧气,大脑很快就会受损。句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是单数。故填is damaged。
44、I stood by the door, not ________ (dare) to say a word. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:daring
考查非谓语动词。句意:我站在门口一句话也不敢说。句中有谓语动词stood by且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词形式,dare意为“敢于”,动词词性,“dare to do sth.”意为“敢于做某事”,句子主语I与dare为逻辑上的主动关系,故应用dare的现在分词daring,在句中作状语,句中daring前加not表示否定。故填daring。
45、When I stopped playing and looked up, I was ____________(shock) to see a small crowed around us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:shocked
考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意:当我停止演奏并抬起头来时,我惊讶地看到一小群人围着我们。修饰形容人用-ed形容词,修饰形容物用-ing形容词,此处用-ed形容词shocked说明主语人I的状态,作表语。故填shocked。
46、—Do you have any plans for the summer break?
—Not really. I think I am just staying at home ________ (read) some books. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:reading
考查非谓语动词。句意:——你这个暑假有什么计划吗?——真的没有。我想我只会是待在家里,看一些书。分析句子可知,“ I am just staying at home ① (read) some books. ”为宾语从句,“think”为主句的谓语;在宾语从句中,stay为谓语,所以 read some books 在句中做状语,要使用非谓语动词,I和read是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填reading。
47、There are many people________ only online activity is sending and receiving e-mails. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:有许多人的唯一在线活动是发送和接收电子邮件。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,people是先行词,它和activity构成所属关系,因此使用whose引导定语从句,它在从句中作定语修饰activity,故填whose。
48、Ou
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