初中英语语法冠词要点省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,冠 词,第1页,目录,一,.,冠词概述,二,.,冠词分类,三,.,冠词使用方法,第2页,一,.,冠词概述,冠词概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面一个辅助词，帮助说明名词含义。,冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成份，是虚词。,冠词范围：,a,、,an,、,the,第3页,二,.,冠词分类,不定冠词：,a,和,an,定冠词：,the,第4页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,不定冠词,),（一）不定冠词使用方法,：,1.,表示类属中“任何一个”,用来列举这类人或事物中任何一个都含有某种能力或某种特征。,A child should have more free time to think.,2.,表示,泛指某人、某物,用来指某人或某物，不明确指出详细人或物，只说明大致情况。,An English-English dictionary is very necessary for me.,3.,表示微弱,one,概念,a/an,和,one,同源，但有时意义差异较大。,a/an,泛指同类事物中“任何一个”；,one,则强调数目概念，表示“一个”。,There is going to be an English lecture tomorrow.,Can one child finish the job?,4.,表示,数量中“一”。,用在数词中，表示“一”。,A hundred and more people attended this meeting.,第5页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,不定冠词,),5.,表示,单位量词“每一”,指某种人或事物中任何一个，或表示“每一”概念。,Take three pills a day and youll get better soon.,6.,用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前,（,1,）用于集体名词前,I was put in a large class this term.,The Smiths are a musical family.,（,2,）用于物质名词前,物质名词如,coffee,food,tea,fruit,fog,rain,snow,wind,等，在表示“一个、一杯、一场”之意时，常加不定冠词。,A heavy rain fell yesterday.,I would like a coffee and two beers.,（,3,）用于抽象名词前,Music is really a great pleasure.,（,4,）用于专有名词前,He is a Chinese and now is working as a doctor in Japan.,A John called during your absence.,第6页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,不定冠词,),7.,不可数名词前加不定冠词,不可数名词如,education,history,knowledge,population,time,world,等，在表述其某一部分或某首先内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词,have a long history receive a good education,a knowledge of English and computer,have a population of 1 billion a long time/while,很长一段时间,8.,用于部分动词短语中,含有动作意义名词在与动词,have,take,make,give,等组成短语表示一个短暂性动作时，此名词前不定冠词普通不可缺乏，表示“做一做”,have a look/walk/break/try/bath make a choice/decision/plan/study,9.,用于同源宾语前,在同源宾语中，与动词“同源”名词前普通要加不定冠词,sleep a sound sleep,睡得很香,smile an attractive smile,笑得很迷人,Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.,第7页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,不定冠词,),10.,不定冠词习惯使用方法,（,1,）与时间和方式相关短语,as a rule,通常,in a word,总之,as a result,所以,in a moment,立刻,once upon a time,从前,after a while,一会儿后,in a special way,（,2,）与一些惯用动词组成搭配,get a cold,感冒,pay a visit,造访,take a seat,坐下,get in a word,插话,make a living,谋生,make a face,做鬼脸,make an apology,道歉,make a speech,做演讲,take an interest in,对,感兴趣,take a message for,为某人稍口信,have a match/meeting lend/give sb.a hand,have a cold/cough/fever/headache/pain,第8页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,定冠词,),1,表示,特定人或物,这种使用方法能够表示上文提到过或谈话双方明确人或物。特指某人或某事物，以区分于同类中其它人或事物。,Is this the book that you are looking for?,2,表示,某类属全体,:the,惯用于单数名词前，代表一类人或事物。,Do you know who invented the computer?,The cat,is liked by many people.,3,表示地球、宇宙中独一无二事物,世界上独一无二东西很多，这里所指独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力物体。,The sun is bigger than the moon.,4,表示详细地点、方位，详细时间或某天一部分等,on the right in the east in/at the end in the afternoon,in the center in/at the beginning,We have friends all over the world.,第9页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,定冠词,),5,用于,比较级、最高级所修饰名词和序数词前，惯用,the,，表示特指,Which story is the more interesting(story)of the two.,He is always the first to come and the last to leave.,6,用于“,越,.,越,”结构中，,the,必不可少,The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.,The more we get together,the happier well be.,7,用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或事物,The rich should help the poor.,The old are easy to catch cold.,8,用于乐器前，在演奏乐器前加,the,Shall we dance to the guitar?,9,用于集体名词、物质名词、专有名词前,（,1,）用于集体名词前：定冠词用于集体名词前，表示复数概念,The museum is open to the public.,The people in this country are kind and ready to help.,第10页,三,.,冠词使用方法,(,定冠词,),(2),用于物质名词前：定冠词可用于不可数物质名词前,The iron is harder than the stone.We dont want the air to be dirty.,(3),用于专有名词前：普通名词组成专有名词前往往要加,the,The Thames runs through London.,Every day many children go to the London Zoo.,10,定冠词习惯使用方法,(1),用定冠词地名、组织名,the US,the Great Wall,the UN,the Taiwan Straits,the Himalayas,the History Museum,(2),惯用定冠词习惯短语,与时间相关短语：,in the day,in the middle of,at the same time,at the age of,all the year around,与地点相关：,at the foot of,in the world,on the way to,in/on the street,in/on/to the east of,at/on/in the corner of,on the ground/playground,at the beginning/end of,at the back of,其它固定短语,：,tell the truth,make the bed,go to the cinema,in the darkness,with the help of,on/over/through the radio,at the top of ones voice,第11页,不用冠词场所,1,专有名词,前普通不加冠词：,China,American,Grade Two,Bill Smith,2,一些抽象不可数名词,前不加冠词：,Life is short;art is long.Time waits for no man.,3,名词前已经有,this,that,my,whose,some,any,no,each,every,等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词全部格等修饰限定时，不加冠词。,Come this way,please.,I have some questions to ask.,4,复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词,They are workers.,Computers are very popular to all kinds of people.,5,季节、月份、星期和节日,名词前不加冠词,It is Sunday today.,June 1,st,is Childrens Day in China.,Spring is a lovely season.,6,在,语言、学科、三餐、球类,等名词前不加冠词,Miss Smith can not speak Chinese.,Maths is hard to learn.,第12页,不用冠词场所,7,在,人名、称呼语、头衔、职务,等名词前，普通不加冠词,What color are Mr.Greens shoes?,The president gave a talk on TV.,8,在,与,by,连用交通工具,名称前不加冠词,by car,by bus,by train,(,但,take a bus,in a boat,on the bike,前要加冠词,),9,表示,语言名词前,不加冠词，但后加,language,时，必须加,the,Chinese French English the Chinese language the French language,10,在,turn,（变成）后作补语名词前,不加冠词,Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.,11,在一个“,普通名词（或形容词最高级）,+as(though),”引导让步状语从句中，不用冠,Shortest though he is,he runs fastest in our class.,12,固定短语里不用冠词,成对使用词组中，不加冠词：,husband and wife,young and old,sun and moon,bread and butter,knife and fork,arm in arm,shoulder to shoulder,sooner or later,father and son,face to face,from south to north,day and night,介词短语中，有不用冠词：,at school/home,at night/noon/daybreak,in fact,in bed,on purpose,by accident,其它：,catch fire,catch sight of,come to light,come to power,give birth to,give rise to,第13页,