句法学语义学语用学测试.doc

and semantic rules.

1. __________ resulted mainly from the eapansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.
  A. Pragmatics   B. Pragmatism    C. Phonology    D. Practicalism
2. Once the notion of _________ was taken into consideration, semantics spiiled into pragmatics.
  A. meaning        B. context     C. form     D. content
3. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _______.
  A. a sentence      B. an act     C. a unit   D. an utterance
4. A ___________ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.
  A. semantic    B. syntactic    C. pragmatic    D. grammatical
5. _______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.
  A. Speaking B. Speech   C. Sound    D. Spoken
6. ______ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.
  A. A locutionary      B. An illocutionary    
  C. A perlocutionary   D. A speech
7. One of the contributions Searle has made is his classification of __________ acts.
  A. locutionary  B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. speech
8. The illocutionary point of __________ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.
  A. directives   B. commisives  C. expressives  D. declarations
9. All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _________ form.
  A. syntactic  B. semantic  C. grammatical   D. pragmatic
10. The cooperative Principle is proposed by ________.
  A. John Searle B. John Austin  C. Paul Grice D. John Lyons
11. Linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the ________ of language use was left unconsidered.
  A. brevity B. context C. accuracy D. none of the above
12. Of the three speech acts, linguistic are most interested in the _________.
  A. locutionary act        B. perlocutionary act   
  C. illocutionary act      D. none of the above
13. The maxim of quantity requires: ___________.
  A. make your contribution ad informative as required.
  B. Do not make contribution more informative than is required.
  C. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
  D. Both A and B.
14. The maxim of quality requireds: do not say what you believe to be ________.
  A. false   B. true C. brief  D. orderly
15. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to _______.
  A. utterance meaning             B. speech act theory    
  C. conversational implicatures   D. all of the above.
16. The significance of Grice’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey _________ is literally said.
  A. more than  B. less than C. the same as  D. none of the above.

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1. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.
2. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.
3. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.
4. The meaning of an utterance is decontextualized， therefore stable utterances always take the form of complete sentences
5. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.
6. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.　
Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary.
1.How are semantics and pragmatics different from each other？
2.How does a sentence differ from an utterance？
3.Discuss in detail the locutionary act， illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.
4. What are the representative approaches to Syntax and their main contents.
5. What is semantic triangle, and explain it in detail.
6. what are synonymy, antonumy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy. Explain them by details.
7. what are entailment presupposition and semantic anomaly. Explain them by details and examples.

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Sentence, transformational, deep, coordinate, structure, grammatical, syntax
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【Keys】:
1. A    2. B     3. D     4. C     5. B    6. C    7. B    8. C     9. A     10. C   11. B   12. C   13. D   14. A    15. C    16. A