现在完成时态专讲.doc

现在完成时态专讲
总的来说， 两概念·两注意·两特别
a. 构成（形式）
have/has+过去分词 常缩写为’ve ’s haven’t=have not hasn’t= has not
Eg. I have already seen this film .
-----Have you seen this film yet?(一般疑问句)
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
I haven’t seen this film yet.（否定句）
Li Lei has finished his homework..
-----Has Li Lei finished his homework?（一般疑问句）
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
Li Lei hasn’t finished his homework..(否定句)
b. 两概念
1. 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果(强调对现在造成的影响).
标志: already（已经） , yet（尚未） , never ,ever（曾经）, just（刚刚） , during the past(last) three years（在过去的三年里）, how many times, how long,so far（目前） ,etc.
Eg. I’ve already posted the photos.（我已经把照片寄出去了，照片不在这里了）
I’ve seen this film.（现在还记得内容）
I saw this film last week.（上星期看了，与现在无关）
2. 表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态.
标志：
（1） for +一段时间
eg.I have taught English for ten years.
（2） since+时间点或表示过去的时间状语从句
eg.He has lived here since 1998.
I have worked in this factory since he came here.
（3） since+一段时间+ago
eg. I have known him since 20 years ago.
（4） ever since (从那时起，自那时以来)
eg.She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since.
她三年前毕业，从那时起一直当护士
We have been friends ever since we met at school/ since 1998.
自从我们在学校认识后，就一直是好朋友
c. 两注意
1. 与一段时间连用，只能用延续性动词，不能用瞬间动词
Eg. I ‘ve arrived in Beijing for half a year.( × )
I’ve been in Beijing for half a year.( ˇ )
我们所学过的瞬间动词有，come, go , arrive in (at), reach(到达), get, leave , finish, end, buy, sell , borrow, die（死亡） ,marry（嫁，娶）,begin (start),join(加入)
我们所学过的延续性动词有，be, have, know(认识) , live, work, teach, learn , study , keep（借）, dead（死的）,be married to sb(与某人结婚)，be engaged(订婚)，be engaged to sb(与某人订婚)瞬间动词与一段时间连用是要用相应的延续性动词来代替
come(arrive,get to ,reach)----be ( in), go (leave)---be away (from)
end(finish) ---be over , buy----have ,
borrow----keep, die---be dead ,
join--- be in (be a member of ) begin(start)----be on (上映)
2. 现在完成时态是属于现在的时态范围，不能与表示过去的时间连用
Eg.yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1986, etc.
(1) He_________(live) here since 1972.
He_________(live) here in 1972.
(2) He_________(teach) in this school two years ago.
He _________(teach) in this school since two years ago.
d. 两特别
1. 在否定句中，瞬间动词可以与一段时间连用
Eg. I haven’t heard from（seen） you for a long time .
我有很长时间没有收到你的信了(看见你了)
She hasn’t bought anything for two months.
她已经有两个月没买东西了
2. have /has been to 与have/has gone to
have/has been to (曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了)
have/has gone to (去了某地，还没回来)
eg.----Where is your mother?
------She has gone to the supermarket.
I’ve been to Beijing twice.
Where has he been ?(他刚才到哪去了，他现在已经回来了)
Where has he gone?(他到哪儿去了，他不在这里)
现在完成时专练
e. 练习 ： 用相应的延续性动词改写下列句子
1.I have come to Beijing for two years and a half.

2.He has left this school for over two weeks.

3.The meeting has ended for half an hour.

4.Kate has bought this blouse for three days.

4