工程硕士英语考试试题.docx

I. Vocabulary (Unit 12)
1. Even if you are driving on an expressway, you have to keep in mind there’s a ____ to speed.
A. restrict B. timid
C. confine D. limit
2. Today’s students are citizens of a more real cosmos than those citizens conceptualized by students of a ____ ago.
A. delicate B. decade
C. dedicate D. delivery
3. Causal reasoning is a ____ in which we go from cause to effect or vice versa, that is, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out.
A. process B. progress
C. procession D. promotion
4. She made an ____ trip to Paris before she reached the age of sixty.
A. actual B. animate
C. annual D. adult
5. Today’s advertisements are meant to be attractive, but too many of them make things ____.
A. unreal B. unappealing
C. insensitive D. incapable
6. Television has become an indispensable means of entertainment which many people ____ to while away their spare time.
A. come up with B. live up to
C. count on D. cast light on
7. Death is ____ to a man, but its significance varies from person to person.
A. integral B. suitable
C. inevitable D. compatible
8. No one can function properly if they are ____ of adequate sleep.
A. deprived B. ripped
C. stripped D. contrived
9. His ____ union members declined since his failure to strive higher wages for them.
A. determination of B. description against
C. depression upon D. influence over
10. Currently, people’s obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also ____ by health concerns.
A. blazed B. fueled
C. ignited D. exploded
11. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, ____ with other people, and so forth.
A. interrupting B. interchanging
C. interacting D. interfering
12. More and more scholars, as well as businessmen, are focusing on the question: why e-books ____ p-books
A. beat out B. beat off
C. beat down D. beat away
13. The CEO and some other company executives are discussing how to ____ the new procedures into the work outline.
A. intrigue B. integrate
C. interpret D. enterprise
14. Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the current depression stemmed from the American economy's ____ flaws.
A. underlining B. vulnerable
C. vulgar D. underlying
15. A recent report by NASA reveals that as the star rotates on its own axis, the beams ____ in space like searchlight beams.
A. sweep around B. sweep along
C. sweep aside D. sweep over
16. British scientists are developing a robot to work in toxic environments that can ____ its own power by eating and digesting flies.
A. create B. generate
C. emit D. amplify
17. The Andersons have not ____ yet and I doubt if they will now.
A. shown off B. shown up
C. shown round D. shown in show up
18. A. Internet users are increasingly turning to e-government sites to carry out their business with government. But Internet users and non-users alike value having more than one way to ____ with government.
A. get along with B. get angry with
C. get in touch with D. get tired of
19. In practice, it is always the case that the solution to a problem ____ in research.
A. lay B. lies
C. finds D. lays
20. The liberal philosophy holds that enduring governments must be accountable to someone beside themselves; that a government ____ only to its own conscience is not for long tolerable.
A. responsible B. liable
C. reliable D. inevitable

II. Reading Comprehension (3 passages)
Passage 1
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create now jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back. he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker (证卷经纪人) to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development of they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
1. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.
A. depend on the population as whole for finance
B. rely on their own financial resources
C. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
D. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
2. The money that enables these companies to make progress with their projects is ______.
A. invested in different companies on the Stock Exchange
B. raised by the sellings of shares in the companies
C. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
D. exchanged for part ownership in the-Stock Exchange
3. When the savers want their money back they _______.
A. transfer their money to a more successful company
B. look for other people to borrow money from
C. put their shares in the company back on the market.
D. ask another company to obtain their money for them
4. All the important services which we depend on are _____.
A. unable to provide for the needs of the population
B. in constant need for financial support.
C. run by the government or our local authorities
D. financed wholly by rates and taxes.
5. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and nationalized industries ________.
A. to borrow as much money as they can
B. to be certain that everybody lends money to them
C. to raise money to finance new developments
D. to make certain everybody saves money.

Passage 2
Have you ever been startled by a loud noise or by someone appearing suddenly behind you on a dark night or by a snake in the grass? Do you remember the sudden, tight feeling in your chest, the way your heart started to pound, the way you seemed to breathe more rapidly? Such reactions occurred because you were frightened. Your brain sent a signal to the special gland (腺) in your body called the adrenal (肾上的) gland. Other parts of your body were involved, too, but the adrenal gland has a very special function.
The adrenal gland is located on top of your kidney. Since you have two kidneys, you also have two adrenal glands. Each adrenal gland is divided into two parts: a cortex (外皮) and a medulla (髓质). The cortex forms the outer shell; the medulla forms the central core. Both the cortex and the medulla secrete (分泌) hormones, but they have different functions.
The cortex produces more than forty different chemical compounds and hormones. All these things are essential to sustain life. The medulla secretes adrenalin (also called epinephrine, the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies.
When you are suddenly faced with a dangerous or stressful situation, part of your brain instantly sends a signal to the adrenal gland, and all sorts of things begin to happen in your body. The medulla releases an extra amount of adrenalin into the bloodstream. The adrenalin is carried rapidly throughout the body, stimulating other glands and systems.
1. In this passage, the author is mainly discussing the function of _______.
A. the human brain
B. glands and systems in the body
C. the cortex of the adrenal gland
D. the medulla of the adrenal gland
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The adrenal gland is located on top of the kidney.
B. Each kidney is composed of two adrenal glands.
C. The medulla is inside the cortex.
D. The cortex and the medulla have different functions.
3. It is _______ that mainly helps you respond to a dangerous or stressful situation.
A. the special function of the adrenal gland
B. a signal sent by your brain
C. all stimulated parts of your body
D. All of these
4. What could be said about the adrenalin?
A. It is secreted by the kidneys into the bloodstream.
B. It is the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies.
C. It is the only useful hormone produced in the body.
D. It is essential to sustain life.
5. What do you suppose the author will go on to discuss in the following paragraphs?
A. the brain system
B. functions of the kidneys
C. reactions of the body to stress and danger
D. other human organs related to the kidneys

Passage 3
The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages appointed pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of pretty collection of thatched farm buildings — these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part pf the attraction of the English countryside.
Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles. Although thatch has always been used for cottages and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.
Thatching is solitary craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.
In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch, which has done the British way, lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.
1. Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?
A. Narrow streets lined with pink of white houses.
B. Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.
C. Cottages with thatched roofs.
D. Churches with cottages around them.
2. What do we know about thatching as a craft?
A. It is a collective activity.
B. It is practiced on farms all over England.
C. It is quite different from what it used to be.
D. It is in most cases handed down among family members.
3. Thatched houses are still preferred because of ______.
A. their style and comfort
B. their durability
C. their easy maintenance
D. their cheap and ready-made materials
4. People in developing countries also live under thatch because ______.
A. thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction
B. thatched roof houses are the cheapest.
C. thatch is an effective defense against the heat.
D. they like thatched houses better than other buildings.
5. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times.
B. thatching is a building craft first created by the English people.
C. the English people have a special liking for thatched houses.
D. most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsides.

III. 汉译英
近年来，由于求职人数增多，有些人建议让需要靠工作谋生的未婚妇女来代替家务繁重的女工。全国妇联(the All-China National Women’s Federation)强烈反对这种观点，认为女工已经成为劳动大军中必不可少的力量。解决就业问题要靠扩大生产来提供机会，而不是让她们回家去。
Reference Translation:
In recent years, as the number of job hunters has been increasing, some people suggest replacing those women workers overwhelmed by housework with unmarried young girls who need work to earn their living. Strongly opposing this view, the All-China National Women’s Federation maintains that women workers have become an indispensable part of our labor force, and that the solution to the problem is but to expand production so as to create new jobs rather than send them back home.

1 Should Adults Play Online Games? (Unit 14)
2. My View on Human Cloning (Unit 13)
3. On White-Collar Crime (Unit 11)
4. My View on Genetically Modified Food (Unit 7)
5. The Difficulties in the Management of a Multinational Company (Unit 4)
6. The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication (Unit 1)