经贸英语阅读(第二版课件全套教学教程整套课件全书电子教案.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,DATE yyyy/M/d|2021/12/15,#,经贸英语阅读（第二版）,目 录,Chapter One,Economics,经济学,Text A,Microeconomics and Macroeconomics,Text B,The Income-Expenditure Model,Text C,Economics Basics:Production Possibility Frontier(PPF)and Opportunity Cost,Chapter Two,Development Economics,发展经济学,Text A,What Is Development Economics?,Text B,The Harrod-Domar Growth Model,Text C,China:Protecting the Environment and Improving Livelihoods of Farmers,Chapter Three,International Economics,国际经济学,Text A,What is International Economics?,Text B,The International Economy,Text C,Factor-Endowment Theory,Chapter Four,International Trade Theories,国际贸易理论,Text A,Absolute Cost Theory,Text B,Comparative Cost Theory,Text C,The World Trade Organization,Chapter Five,International Trade Policies and Measures,国际贸易政策措施,Text A,Free Trade or Protectionism?,Text B,Free Trade in Asian Style,Text C,Trade Policy Tools,Chapter Six,International Trade Practice,国际贸易实务,Text A,Incoterms 2010,Text B,Cargo Insurance Guide,Text C,Letter of Credit(L/C),Chapter Seven,International Business Negotiation,国际商务谈判,Text A,A Beginner,s Guide to International Business Negotiations,Text B,United States Business Etiquette,Text C,Eight Steps to Success in Negotiating,Importance of Business Negotiating,Chapter Eight,International Finance,国际金融,Text A,The IMF,s Role at a Glance,Text B,Exchange Rates,Text C,Effort to Balance International Payments,Chapter Nine,Monetary Banking,货币银行学,Text A,Money and Banks,Text B,Who Needs a Swiss Bank?,Text C,What Is Money?,Chapter Ten,International Investment,国际投资,Text A,Foreign Direct Investment,Text B,Trends and Recent Developments in Foreign Direct Investment,Text C,China Is the Most Promising Source of FDI,Chapter Eleven,Accountancy,会计学,Text A,Accounting and Auditors,Text B,Marsh to Make Payments More Transparent,Text C,Accounting for Advertising Costs,Chapter Twelve,International Business Law,国际商法,Text A,Formation of Agency,Text B,Contracts Law,Text C,What Is Consideration?,Chapter Thirteen,Marketing,市场营销,Text A,What is Marketing?,Text B,Four Principles of Marketing Strategy in the Digital Age,Text C,Customer Retention:The Key to Growth and Profit,Chapter Fourteen,Economic Management,经济管理,Text A,Virtual Economic Management,Text B,Less Government Better for Business?Not if History Provides a Guide,Text C,Social Security Crisis?Not If Wealthy Pay Their Way,Appendix,Business Terms(English and Chinese Interpretations),商务术语（英汉释义,),Chapter One Economics,经济学,Text A,Microeconomics and Macroeconomics,To know what microeconomics and macroeconomics are,To get familiar with the related terms and expressions and learn to use them,Teaching objectives,1.Skim the text and get the main idea of it,2.Study the new words and expressions,3.Study the text,4.Do exercises,Teaching procedure,Definitions of microeconomics and macroeconomics,Respective domain of microeconomics and macroeconomics,Teaching emphases,Skim the text and get the main idea of it,Student As answer,Student Bs answer,Student Cs answer,Words and Expressions,microeconomics n.,微观经济学,macroeconomics n.,宏观经济学,individual n.,个人,个体,adj.,个别的,单独的,个人的,household n.,户,adj.,家庭的,determination n.,决定,inquire into,探究,mechanism n.,机制,identify v.,确认，认出,Words and Expressions,overall adj.,全部的,全面的,revolutionary adj.,革命的,stick v.,粘住,粘贴,unemployment n.,失业,consumption n.,消费,thrive v.,兴旺,繁荣,茁壮成长,旺盛,stagnate v.(,使,),淤塞,(,使,),停滞,converge v.,聚合,集中于一点,Words and Expressions,at one time adv.,同时,曾经,subdiscipline n.(,学科的,),分支,分科,merge v.,合并,并入,inflation n.,通货膨胀,distinction n.,区别，差别,Law of Demand,需求规律,purchase v.,购买,concept n.,观念,概念,Words and Expressions,elasticity of demand,需求弹性,predict v.,预言,get by v.,通过,混过,ignore v.,忽略,proportion n.,比例,v.,使成比例,workforce n.,劳动力,Para.1,Adam Smith is usually considered the founder of the field of microeconomics,the branch of economics which today is concerned with the behavior of individual entities such as markets,firms,and households.In The Wealth of Nations,Smith considered how individual prices are set,studied the determination of prices of land,labor,and capital,and inquired into the strengths and weaknesses of the market mechanism.Most important,he identified the remarkable efficiency properties of markets and saw that economic benefit comes from the self-interested actions of individuals.All these are still important issues today,and while the study of microeconomics has surely advanced greatly since Smith,s day,he is still cited by politicians and economics alike.,Notes for Understanding Para.1,2.Adam Smith,亚当斯密（,1723,1790,）,18,世纪英国哲学家、经济学家，是资产阶级经济学古典学派的主要奠基人之一。其代表作为国富论。,3.Adam Smith is usually considered the founder of the field of microeconomics,the branch of economics which today is concerned with the behavior of individual entities such as markets,firms,and households.,此长句第一个分句是主句。,the branch.,作,microeconomics,的同位语；,which,引导的定语从句作,the branch of economics,的定语。全句意为：亚当斯密通常被看成微观经济学的奠基人，微观经济学是与单个主体如市场、企业和家庭行为有关的一个经济学分支。,4.The Wealth of Nations,国富论,该书出版于资本主义发展初期，书中总结了近代初期各国资本主义发展的经验，批判吸收了当时的重要经济理论，对整个国民经济的运动过程作了系统的描述，被誉为“第一部系统的伟大的经济学著作”。该书作者亚当斯密因此获得了政治经济学古典学派“创立者”的称号。,Para.2,The other major branch of our subject is macroeconomics,which is concerned with the overall performance of the economy.Macroeconomics did not even exist in its modern form until 1935,when John Maynard Keynes published his revolutionary General Theory of Employment,Interest and Money.At the time,England and the United States were still stuck in the Great Depression of the 1930s,and over one-quarter of the American labor force was unemployed.In his new theory Keynes developed an analysis of what causes unemployment and economic downturns,how investment and consumption are determined,how central banks manage money and interest rates,and why some nations thrive while others stagnate.Keynes also argued that governments had an important role in smoothing out the ups and downs of business cycles.Although macroeconomics has progressed far since his first insights,the issues addressed by Keynes still define the study of macroeconomics today.,Notes for Understanding Para.2,5.General Theory of Employment,Interest and Money,就业，利息和货币通论（简称通论）,凯恩斯在此书中提出了一国总产量和就业量取决于“有效需求”的理论，也就是对失业原因的分析，这是“凯恩斯主义”中的核心问题。通论的一个基本观点，就是有效需求的大小决定就业量的高低，所谓有效需求，是预期可给资本家带来最大利润的社会总需求；资本家按此社会总需求决定他们的产量并提供就业机会。失业的直接原因就是：当社会对企业生产产品的需求不断减少时，资本家也就不再增加投资（需求）了，这时就业量就会减少，以致造成工人失业。失业的终极原因是资产所有者的货币愿望（爱好货币）过强所造成的。如果中央银行的货币供应量减少，而资产所有者的货币愿望过强，企业家为了自身的最大利润，就不会进行充分的投资；如果投资少，有效需求就不能充分实现，国民收入和就业量也就会呈较低水平，这时即产生失业。,6.Macroeconomics did not even exist in its modern form until 1935,when John Maynard Keynes published his revolutionary General Theory of Employment,Interest and Money.,此句谓语为,did not even exist,，,when,引导定语从句。全句意为：现代宏观经济学直到,1935,年凯恩斯发表其革命性巨著通论之后才形成。,7.In his new theory Keynes developed an analysis of what causes unemployment and economic downturns,how investment and consumption are determined,how central banks manage money and interest rates,and why some nations thrive while others stagnate.,此句主语为,Keynes,，,In his new theory,状语前置,what,how,why,引导的从句都是,of,的宾语。全句意为：在其新理论中，凯恩斯分析了失业和经济下滑的原因，投资和消费如何决定，中央银行如何管理货币及利率，为何有些国家发展迅速而有些停滞不前。,Para.3,The two branches,microeconomics and macroeconomics,converge to form modern economics.At one time the boundary between the two areas was quite distinct;more recently,the two sub-disciplines have merged as economists have applied the tools of microeconomics to such topics as unemployment and inflation.,Note for Understanding Para.3,8.At one time the boundary between the two areas was quite distinct;more recently,the two sub-disciplines have merged as economists have applied the tools of microeconomics to such topics as unemployment and inflation.,此句由两分句构成，后一分句含有,as,引导的原因状语从句。全句意为：两大领域的界限曾经很明显，但近来由于经济学家们把微观经济学工具用于失业和通货膨胀等分析两者便趋于融合。,Para.4,In macroeconomics we study the economy as a whole;in microeconomics we look at individual markets.The distinction is important.In microeconomics we might examine the effects of an increase in the price of tomatoes.We can apply the Law of Demand which tells us that,all other things remaining the same,the quantity of tomatoes that people will purchase will go down when the price goes up.We can introduce the concept of price elasticity of demand and attempt to measure how large or small an effect the price increase will have on the quantity purchased.In macroeconomics we might examine the effects of inflation,all prices going up at once.Obviously,the outcome will be quite different.,Para.5,We would need to make the same type of distinction if we were studying labor markets.If the wages of a particular type of labor,short-order cooks,for example,were to increase we could predict that employers would find ways to get by with fewer hours of that type of labor.That is microeconomics.But if wages were to increase across the entire economy,prediction would be much more complicated.When we just study the wages of short-order cooks,we can ignore the effect that their extra earnings will have on their demand for goods and services since they make up a small proportion of the workforce.But when all wages go up,the effect on overall demand is too large to ignore,so we will have to apply the theories of macroeconomics.,Note for Understanding Para.5,9.If the wages of a particular type of labor,short-order cooks,for example,were to increase we could predict that employers would find ways to get by with fewer hours of that type of labor.,此句为典型的虚拟语气，从句谓语,were to,主句谓语是,could.,全句意为：如果某种劳动力的工资增加（例如短期厨师），我们可预言雇主会想方设法减少该劳动力的使用。,Para.6,In short,microeconomics is the economics of one thing at a time and macroeconomics is the economics of everything at once.,Key to the exercises,II.,1.concerned,2.exist,3.At,4.what,5.smoothing out,III.,1.The competition is open to both teams and individuals.,2.Most households own at least one car,including some low-income ones.,3.We must inquire further into the matter.,4.The meat was declared unfit for human consumption.,5.It is high time the government took steps to control inflation.,IV.,1.,大学期间我修了五十多门课程，包括微观经济学、宏观经济学、市场原理、销售管理、统计学等。,2.,乘客被要求先确认自己的旅行箱再送上飞机。,3.,过去四个月里那个国家的经济发展停滞不前。,4.,需求规律告诉我们，一般说来当价格下降时消费者会购买更多产品。,5.,那次金融危机之后，当地四分之一的劳动力失业了。,Text B,The Income-Expenditure Model,To master the Income-Expenditure Model,Teaching objective,1.Skim the text and get the main idea of it,2.Study the new words and expressions,3.Study the text,4.Do exercises,Teaching procedure,Macroeconomic Equilibrium,Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand,Teaching emphases,Skim the text and get the main idea of it,Student As answer,Student Bs answer,Student Cs answer,Words and Expressions,expenditure n.,支出,花费,equilibrium n.,平衡,均衡,exceed v.,超越,胜过,stuff n.,原料,材料,v.,塞满,填满,填充,inventory n.,详细目录,存货,previous adj.,在前的,早先的,adv.,在以前,accumulate v.,积聚,堆积,manufacturer n.,制造者,厂商,Words and Expressions,stability n.,稳定性,sooner or later,迟早,current adj.,当前的,sustainable adj.,可以忍受的,足可支撑的,养得起的,component n.,成分,adj.,组成的,构成的,framework n.,构架,框架,结构,distinguish v.,区别,辨别,unintended adj.,无意识的,非故意的,Words and Expressions,zero in on (,使,),瞄准,(,使,),对准,figure out v.,计算出,解决,领会到,financier n.,财政家,金融家,v.,欺骗性地从事金融活动,欺骗,骗取,exogenous adj.,生外生的,地外成的,医外因的,Para.1 and 2,Macroeconomic Equilibrium,We,re making a model of the entire national economy,or macroeconomy.We base it on the following idea:if total output exceeds what people want to buy,there will be stuff left over,which means that inventories of unsold goods will rise.2 On the other hand if people want to buy more than is produced during some period,what will happen is that previously-accumulated inventories of goods will fall.,Think about a shoe store.It has a certain amount of inventory that it wants to keep on hand at all times so as to be able to meet normal customer demand.If customers buy shoes at a slower rate than it gets new shipments from the manufacturers,inventory will rise.If on the other hand customers buy shoes at a more rapid pace than it gets shipments from the factory,inventory falls.Think about the entire economy this way and you understand how we think output adjusts to demand.,Note for Understanding Para.1and 2,2.We base it on the following idea:if total output exceeds what people want to buy,there will be stuff left over,which means that inventories of unsold goods will rise.,冒号后的内容作,idea,的同位语，,which,引导的从句解释,if,句。全句意为：我们基于以下想法：如果总产出超过人们购买力就有剩余，这就意味着未卖出去的存货增加。,Para.3 and 4,Equilibrium just means a position of stability.If inventories are rising,we are not in equilibrium because too many goods are being made,and sooner or later factories are going to have to cut production because the current level of output is not sustainable.3 If inventories are falling,we are not in equilibrium because too few goods are being made,and sooner or later factories are going to have to increase production.4 In other words macro equilibrium is when total output is equal to total desired expenditures.We believe that the national economy will move toward such a macro equilibrium on its own.,When we set up our macro framework,we said that C+I+G=Y(consumption+investment+government purchase=Income).5,Notes for Understanding Para.3 and 4,3.If inventories are rising,we are not in equilibrium because too many goods are being made,and sooner or later factories are going to have to cut production because the current level of output is not sustainable.,此句,if,引导条件状语从句，主句由两个并列分句组成，每个分句带有原因状语从句。全句意为：如果存货增加，因为生产过多经济处于不平衡，商家迟早会减少生产因为当前的产出水平不可持续。,4.If inventories are falling,we are not in equilibrium because too few goods are being made,and sooner or later factories are going to have to increase production.,与上句类似，此句,if,引导条件状语从句，主句由两个并列分句组成，前一分句带有原因状语从句。全句意为：如果存货减少，因为生产过少经济处于不平衡，商家迟早会增加生产。,5.C+I+G=Y(consumption+investment+government purchase=Income),这是不考虑进出口的情况下计算国民收入的公式。计算,GDP,有三种方法，也就是支出法、收入法和生产法。用支出法计算可以运用公式：国内生产总值,=C+I+G+,（,X-M,），计算国内生产总值；用收入法计算可以运用公式：国内生产总值,=,工资,+,利息,+,地租,+,利润,+,折旧,+,（间接税,-,政府补贴）；用收入法计算国内生产总值就是计算各部门增值的总和。本文中不考虑进出口。,Para.5 and 6,In other words the three components of demand equal output.So does this mean we,re always in macro equilibrium?No.The key here is I,or capital investment.,“,I,”,includes accumulation of inventory,wheth