短文改错专项练习.doc

短文改错专项练习
练习一
We had guests last night who have stayed   1________
In a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast  2______
Because that they were going out early in the   3_______
Morning. They came back lately and had some   4______
tea. I came into the living room and saw one of   5_______
them just go through the kitchen door but turn   6________
on the light. He was looking for a glass the   7________
cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was  8______
not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought,   9_______
“What can I do? We are guests after all.”     10. ________
练习二
I always wanted to be great scientist. I had these dreams     1. ________
of discovering a new drug that would save the life of hundreds     2. ________
of people. Unfortunate, I was never very good at chemistry      3. ________
at school and the teacher used to getting very cross with me.     4. ________
 After a while, I decided I would become an inventor and designed   5. ________
An amazing new product which would become a household      6. ________
name. My parents were quite encouraged, but told me to be a little    7. ________
more realistic. A few weeks late, I had brilliant idea for a pen     8. ________
that would write with upside down. To my disappointment, a     9. ________
friend of me pointed out that it was not a new discovery.      10. ________
练习三
A public competition is held last year in a small town in          1. ________
Scotland to find out who could eat most in the shortest time. At     2. ________
last, a man succeeded setting a new record. In the time given     3. ________
by the judges he ate a big bowl of fishes, soup, and a whole chicken    4. ________
cooked by different ways with ten big pieces of bread and a large    5. ________
cake. On top of all this, he had ten glasses of beer. Before winning    6. ________
the competition the new champion went home with two of her     7. ________
friends. As they were coming near his house, he sudden stopped     8. ________
and said: “I say friends, please don’t tell my wife anything about     9. ________
the competition today, or she won’t give me something to eat.”     10. ________
练习四
My secret of staying young is simple: Keeping your mind awake   1. ________
and you will stay young all over. Take an interest in world     2. ________
around you, and learn at least the new thing every day. Don’t    3. ________
think that you are ever enough old to go back to school. I know    4. ________
a man who entered into a medical college at 70. He got his degree   5. ________
with honors and became a famous doctor. Other man went to a    6. ________
law school at 71 and is now an active lawyer. You may say     7. ________
that staying young is easy only for those live in the future.     8. ________
In fact, you can do it whether you care enough to try to keep    9. ________
Your mind awake and active ,which is the only thing to be always young  10. ________
练习五
I eager to go to college because I know there is      1. ________
so many to learn about the world and about human      2. ________
being. Knowledge is a source of pleasure for me. I      3. ________
want to study at a college for the fun to knowledge.      4. ________
I know the college education can prepare me better for      5. ________
my future. Better education meant, more often than not,     6. ________
better jobs, better opportunities and better choices.     
I want to go to college because I know that my      7. ________
parents and other people care for me will be happy    8. ________
with that, Unless I cans study at a nice university, I     9. ________
will make them happier. I’d hate to let you down.      10. ________
That’s why I must go to college.
练习六
    One day morning, I with mother went to the People’s Hospital in   1. _______
Shandong because she had caught a bad cold. While we sitting in   2. _______
the waiting room, some people smoked. The smell was very strong   3. _______
that I found hard to breathe, so did my mother. We couldn’t ask    4. _______
all of them to stop to smoke though, so we had to go to another    5. _______
room. So there, the situation was worse. Why do so many     6. _______
people smoke in public places? The sign, “Smoking is harmless    7. _______
to health”, is printed on cigarette packets to remind smokers that    8. _______
smoking not only harms them but the people around them either.    9. _______
So we should take actions to reduce some of smoking’s bad effects.   10. _______
练习七
    Several weeks ago, our college decided to stopping students from  1. _______
bringing their computers to school if they did no pass all exams    2. _______
from the previous semester(学期). Students didn’t welcome by    3. _______
the decision. The computer was one of the greatest invention of    4. _______
the 20th century and has become important part of modem life.    5. _______
Therefore, it is also a headache for school leaders. Many students   6. _______
ignore their studies and spend too much time play online     7. _______
games, watching films, and chatting online. Leaders      8. _______
wanted to deal this serious problem in this way. They didn’t     9. _______
expect that something worse will happen as a result.      10. _______
练习八
    In my village a lot of children were leaving school for     1. _______
various reason. Some families are too poor to send their children    2. _______
to school, and they have to earn money to support their families.    3. _______
Many parents think it useful to send their children to school.    4. _______
They would rather let their children to stay at home.      5. _______
I feel worried about this. I think every child should have a     6. _______
chance to go to school. We should pay many attention to the    7. _______
education of children, for we will play an important part in     8. _______
our socialist construction in the future. Ways must be found     9. _______
prevent children from leave off their studies.        10. _______
练习九
    One day people on the shore listened shouts       1. _______
for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier jumped       2. _______
into the water and swim to the man. He was a good      3. _______
swimmer and soon pulled the man back the shore.      4. _______
Now everyone saw that the man was a very rich man.      5. _______
He went to the soldier, taking out a shilling        6. _______
and gave it to him. And the soldier refused to take       7. _______
it and went far away. The people there were very       8. _______
angry to the rich man. But an old woman said,       9. _______
laughing, “I’m sure the rich man knows how many his      10. _______
life is worth!” Everyone there agreed with the woman and laughed too.
参考答案及讲解
练习一：
1. 答案：have→had
解析：本句主句用的是过去时，从句时态应是过去完成时，因此应将have 改成had。
2. 答案：age→before
解析：从句是过去完成时，不用ago ，应改成before。
3. 答案：去掉because 后的that
解析：because 直接引导原因状语从句，不加that。
4. 答案：lately→late
解析：late 可作副词，意思是“迟，晚”；而lately 作副词的意思是“近来，最近”，意思不对。
5. 答案：√
6. 答案：but→and
解析：and连接两个动作。本句并无转折的意思，应改成and。
. 答案：在the 前加 in
解析：这句话意思是“他在碗橱里寻找杯子”。“在碗橱里”应在the 前面加介词in。
8. 答案：ideas→idea
解析：没有主意，应该是单数，用idea。
9. 答案：me→myself
解析：“我对自己笑”应用反身代词myself。
10. 答案：We→They
解析：从本段话来看，我们是主人，他们是客人。因此应将We 改成They。
练习二：
解读：本文讲述的是“我”的理想与现实间的差距。
1. 在be后加a。scientist是可数名词单数，所以前面要用不定冠词表示一类人。
2. life→lives。成千上万人的生命，当然是复数。
3. Unfortunate→Unfortunately。应该用副词作状语。
4. getting→get。表示“过去，曾经”，用used to do。
5. designed→design。与become是并列谓语。
6. √
7. encouraged→encouraging。根据上下文，这里表示父母“鼓励我”，而不是父母受到了“鼓励”。
8. late→later。表示多久以后，用later。
9. 划去with。介词后要接宾语，表示“用……”；upside down是副词，所以介词with是多余的。
10. me→mine。指“我朋友中的一个”所以要用名词性物主代词。
练习三
解读：本文讲述的是一个“看谁能在最短时间吃最多东西”的比赛的情况。
1. is→was.   本文时态为过去时，根据上下文is应改为was。
2. most前加the。“吃的最多”应用形容词最高级，所以most前加the。
3. succeeded后加in。succeed in doing something中in不能省。
4. fishes→fish。此处表“鱼肉”应为不可数名词，所以fishes改为fish。
5. by→in。以不同的方式应为“in different ways”。
6. Before→After。根据故事发展，可知是比赛后回家。
7. her→his。逻辑错误，故事主人公是男性。
8. sudden→suddenly。修饰动词用副词汇。
9. √
10. something→anything。否定句中应用anything。
练习四：
1. Keeping→keep.  此处为“祈使句+and+含有一般将来时的简单句”。Keeping应改为Keep。
2. 在world前加the。In the world为习惯搭配。
3. the→one. 此处意为“每天学一件新事物”。one表数量“一”。
4. enough→too.  根据句意此处为了too…to…结构。
5. 去掉into。enter是及物动词，不和into连用。
6. Other→Another.  此处意为“另一个”。
7. √
8. live→living或在live前加who。those后常接who引导一个定语从句，或用动词-ing形式作定语。
9. whether→if.   此处为连词引导一个条件状语从句，故要用if。
10. thing→way. 此处要表达的意思是“这是唯一保持永远年轻的方法”。Way意为“方式、方法”。
练习五：
1.    第一个I后加am。eager为形容词，和be一起构成谓语动词。
2. many→much．根据is可判断此处应用much。
3. being→beings.  Human beings意为“人类”。
4. 第二个to→of.  the fun of knowledge“知识的乐趣”。
5. 去掉the。College education意为“大学教育”，是泛指，前面不加冠词。
6. meant→means. 根据上下文可判断，全文所用的是一般现在时，陈述事实。
7. √
8. people后加who或care改为caring。people后接定语从句。用who引导或用动词-ing形式作定语。
9. Unless→If. 根据行文逻辑，此处表达的是“如果我可以在一所好大学学习，我会让他们更开心”。Unless“如果不、除非”与句意不符。
10. you→them.  此处应是用them指代作者的parents。
 练习六
1．去掉day。“一天上午”应该说成one morning，不可以受汉语的影响而加day。
    2．sitting前加were。因为是在我们等的过程中发生的事情，所以该句应该用过去进行时。
    3．Very→so。在此构成so...that结构。
    4．found后加it。it作形式宾语，指代真正的宾语to breathe。
    5．to smoke→smoking。stop smoking意为“停止吸烟”，stop to smoke意为“停下来去吸烟”。
    6．So→But。在此不含有因果关系，而是表示转折或出乎意料。
    7．harmless→harmful。harmful意为“有害的”。
    8．√。
    9．either→too。因为整句话是一个肯定句，故应用too。either用于否定句中。
    10．actions→action。take action为固定短语，意为“开始行动，采取行动”，action为不可数名词。
练习七
    本文是一篇介绍说明文，涉及到学生该不该或如何使用电脑的问题。试题注重考查对动词的形式和时态的使用，如第1、7和10题，考查冠词的有第5题，涉及句法知识的有第2题，考查行文逻辑的有第6题等。本文题材具有时代感，设置的试题难度适中，具有较好的区分度。
    1．stopping→stop。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，其中to为不定式符号，后面接动词原形。
    2．no→not。not在此用作副词修饰助动词did。
    3．去掉by。本句话意为“学生们不欢迎该决定”，所以by多余。
    4．invention→inventions。“one of十复数名词”表示“……之一”。
    5．important前加an。part表示“部分”，为可数名词。本句话意为“电脑已成为现代生活的一个重要组成部分”。
    6．Therefore→However。由前后文意思可知，前后两句话在意思上含转折之意。
    7．play→playing。spend time (in) doing意为“花时间做某事”。
    8．√。
    9．deal后加with。deal with作“处理”讲，with不能省略。
    10．will→would。主句中谓语动词为过去式，所以从句时态应与之保持一致
练习八
    本文描述了乡村孩子的上学情况和村民对其子女上学的态度，属于描述性短文。题材涉及到当今某些落后地区的教育现状。试题的设置将行文的逻辑推断作为考查重点，如第4题和第8题，还有时态的正确使用如第1题，涉及名词单复数的有第2题等。从错误类型的题目设置来看，本文很符合短丈改错的命题趋势。
    1．were→are。短文的主导时态为一般现在时。
    2．reason→reasons。短文中的various决定了其后要用名词的复数形式。
    3．√。
    4．useful→useless或think前加don’t。根据句意可知：许多家长认为送孩子去上学无用。
    5．去掉to。let后的动词不定式省略to。
    6．a→the。特指去上学的机会。
    7．many→more。强调更加注意，用比较级形式。
    8．we→they。指孩子们。
    9．found后加to。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。
 10．leave→leaving。prevent...from doing意为“阻止……做某事”。
练习九
    本文是一篇带讽刺性的记叙丈。故事叙述了一名士兵从海里救起一位富人，富人用一先令答谢士兵。这种行为引起了旁观者的议论。很显然，这是一篇学生习作，里面出现的错误是在我们中国学生中经常出现的。其中涉及动词形式和时态的有第3题和第6题，考查对规范句式表达的有第4题，关于行文逻辑推断的有第7题等。这种讽刺或幽默性质的短文改错题从2005年开始已逐渐增多。
    1．listened→heard。listen为不及物动词，强调听的动作；hear表示“听见”，强调听的结果。    2．up→down。由中心到边缘、由城市到农村、由北到南及由上至下应用副词down；反之，用副词up。
    3．swim→swam。由连词and连接，和jumped为并列谓语动词，故swim也应用其过去式。
    4．back后加to。back表示方向，pull表示“拉……到什么地方”，应用介词to。
√。    6．taking→took。因句中有and作并列连词，故took与went，gave为并列谓语动词。
    7．And→But。由句意可知此处为转折关系。
    8．去掉far。go away表示“走开”。
    9．to→with。be angry with sb．表示“生某人的气”。
    10．many→much。意为“他的生命值多少钱”，此处应用how much。