高中常见化学方程式汇总.pdf

高中常见化学方程式汇总总目录 一、无机化学方程式 二、热化学方程式 三、有机反应方程式 四、离子方程式 五、电极方程式分目录表一、无机化学方程式.6A.6Ag.6Al.6Al.6A12O3 A1(OH)3.7铝瓦.7As.7B.7Ba.7Be.8Br.8C.8C.8C.8CO.9CO 2.9Ca.10Cl.10Cu.10F.11F2.11Fe.11Fe.11FeO.12Fez。.12Fe3O4.12Fe(OH),Fe(OH%.12FeC”.12FeC13.12FeS.13其它Fe化合物.13旦.13里.13Hg.13HF.14HC1.14HBr.14HI.14旦工Q.14也S.15H2S.15晔。.15HC10.15HNO3.15HjPOq.16H2SO3.16也SQj.171.18K.18K.18K2O K2O2.18KOH.18K2CO3.18KHCO3.19KC1O?.19KI.19KA1(SC)3)2.19KMn O.4.19KSCN.20KH.20L.20Li.20Li20.20LiOH.20瑜皿.20LiHCO 3.20M.21Mg.21MgO.21Mg(OH”.21MgCO.3.21Mg(HCO 式 2.21MgSO.4.22Mn O2.22N.22N2.22NO.NOr N2O5.22NH3.23NH4HCC)m、(NH,2c C)2.23NH4c l.23NH,N()3.24(NH.2so3、(NHQ2SO4.24Na、Na、Na.24NaH.24NaOH.25NaAlOz.25NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、Nai.25NaQa、NaHCO、.26NaNO,NaNOq.26Na3PO4 NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4.26NaS、NaHS.26Na.O.NaSOa、Na&Oy.27Na2SiO3.27CgHgONa.270.27O2.27O3.28P.28P.28P20r P2O5.28Pb、PbOa.29铅盐.29R.29S.29S.29SQg.30SO3.30Si.31S1O2.31Z.31Zn.31Zn O.32Zn(OH)2.32二、热化学方程盅.32B.32C.32H.33N.33P.34S.34三、有机反应方程式.34（一）、烷煌.34（二一烯煌.34（三”三煌.35（四）、芳香煌.35（五）、石油.35（六八卤代精.35（七”醇类.36（八）、酚类.36（九）、醛类.36（十）、卜酸.37（H一）、糖类.37（十二）、油脂.38（十三）、氨基酸.38四、离子反应方程式.39A.39Al.39Ag.40As.40B.40Ba.40Br.41C.41C.41Ca.41Cl.42CN.42Cr.42Cu.43CxHyOz.43F.43F2.43Fe.44旦.45H+.45旦2。.45H2O2.45H2c o 二系列I.45H.Q土系列.46H系列I.46H2SO3OJ.471.47L.47M.47Mg.47Mn.48N.48Na.48NNj_ 系歹U.48NO：、NO3二.490.49P.49S.50S.50Si.50Z.51五、电极反应方程式.51（一）、原电池电极反应方程式.511.CuH二SCUZn 原电池.512.CuFeC乜一C 原电池.513.钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀.524.氢氧燃料电池（中性介质）.525.氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质）.526.氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质）.527.铅蓄电池（放电）.528.AlNaOHMg 原电池.539.CH七燃料电池（碱性介质）.5310.熔融碳酸盐燃料电池.5311.银锌纽扣电池（碱性介质）.53（二）、电解电极反应方程式.53L电解Cu C里溶液.532.电解精炼铜.543.电镀铜.544.电解饱和食盐水.545.电解HC1溶液.546.电解NaOH溶液.547.电解H2so2溶液.548.电解KNOj 溶液.559.电解Cu SOjJ容液.5510.电解 AgNQj 溶液.5511.铅蓄电池充电.55正文部分一、无机化学方程式AAgAg+2HNO 3（浓）=AgNO3+NO2T+H2O2AgCl=2Ag+Cl广见光或受热AgNO 3+NaCl=AgCl|+NaNO 3 AgNO 3+NaBr=AgBr；+NaNO 3AgNO3+Nai=AgH+NaNO 32AgNO3+H2S=Ag2s J+2HNO 3Ag3Po 4+3HNO 3=H3Po4+3 AgNO 3AlAl占燃 A1+3O2=2A12O3 移屯氧）2A1+3S=A12s3 2A14-3C12=2A1C134Al（固）+302（气）=2Al 2。3（固）+3349.3 k J-mo l-14Al+3Mn O 2=2Al2O3+3M11 2 Al+Cr 2O3=A12O3+2Cr高温2 Al+Fe 2O3 AbC）3+2Fe2A14-6HC1=2A1C134-3H22Al+3FeO=Al2O3+3Fe2A1+3H2sC）4=A12（SO4）3+3H2T2A1+6H2so式浓）=Ab（SO4）3+3SO2T+6H2OA1+4HNC）3（稀）=A1（NO3）3+NOT+2H2O（Al、Fe 在冷、浓的 H2so4、HNO3 中钝化）2Al+2NaOH+2H 2O=2NaAlO2+3H2TAI2O3、Al（0H）3AI2O3+3H2s04=A12（SO4）3+3H2O（AI2O3 是两性氧化物）Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaA102+H202A1（OH）3:=A12O3+3H2OA1（OH）3+3HC1=A1C13+3H2O2A1（OH）3+3H2sO4=Ab（SO4）3+6H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O铝盐AlCh+3NaOH=A1(O H)3；+3NaClAICI3+3NH3H2O=Al(OH)31+3NH 4c l2AlCL+3Na2c o 3+3H2O=2A1(OH)3J+3CO 2T+6NaClAlCl3+3NaHCO 3=A1(OI I)3J+3CO 2TAlCl3+3NaAlO2+6H2O=4A1(OH)31AICI3+4NaOH=NaAl(OH)4+3NaClAl2(SO4)3+3Na2S4-6H 20=2A1(OH)3 J+3H#AI4C3+12H2O=4Al(OH)3I+3c HAsAS2O3+6Zn+12HC1=2AsH 3T+6Zn Cl 2+3H2O3As2s3+28 HNO 3(稀)+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28 NOfAs2s3+28 HNO3(浓)=2H3AsO4+3H2so 4+28 NO2T+8 H 2。BBaBa(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3 I+H20Ba(OH)2+H2SO4=BaSO4 I+2H2OBaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4 I+2HC1BaCO3+2IICl=BaCl 2+CO2 t+H20BaCh+H2so 4(稀)=BaS04 I+H2O2)BeBe+2HCl=BaCl 2+H2 tBeCl2+2NaOH=Be(OH)2 I+2H2OBa(OH)2+2CO2(过量)=Ba(HCO3)2 3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO3=Ba3(PO4)2 I+6H2OBaCl2+Na2sCM=BaSO4 I+2NaClBaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2 t+H20Be+2NaOH=Na 2BO2+H2 tBe(OH)2+2HCl=BeCl 2+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH=Na 2BO2+2H2OBrB+H2=2HBr Br 2+Fe=FeBr sBr 2+2FeBr 2=2FeB Br 2+Nai=NaBr+12 Br 2Br2+H20=HBr+HBr OBr 2+NaOH=NaBr+NaBr O+H?OBr2+SO2+2H2O=H2sO4+2HBrBr2+H2S=S I+2HBr2Br2+3Na2c O3+H2O=2NaHCO 3+2NaBr O+2NaBr+CO 2 tcccC+2F2=CF4C+202=CC14点燃2C+O2（少量）2COr0 点燃C+O2（足量）一CO2C+CO2=2COC+H2O=CO+H2（生成水煤气）2C+SiO 2=Si+2c0（制得粗硅）C+Si=s iC（金刚砂）C+2S=CS2电炉3C+CaO CaC2+CO fHI=HBr+I2电炉3C+SiO 2 SiC+2C0 fC+2H2s。4(浓)=C02 t+2SO2 t+2H2OC+4HNC3(浓)=CO2 t+4NO2 t+2H2OCO28+02点燃2CO2CO+Cu O=Cu+CO23C0+Fe 2O3-2Fe+3CO 2CO+H2O催化剂 CO2+H2CO2占燃CO2+2Mg=2MgO+CCO2+H2O=H2c O3CO2+2NaOH(过量)=Na2c O3+H2O8 2(过量)+NaOH=NaH(X)3CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)=CaCO3 I+H202c02(过量)+Ca(0H)2=Ca(HCO 3)2CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O=2Al(0H)3 I+Na2c O3CO2+C6HsONa+H 2O=C6H50H+NaHC0 3CO2+Na2O=Na2c O32CO2+2Na2O2=2Na2c o 3+O2CO2+NH34-NaCl+H20=NaHCO3 I+NH4c1(侯氏制碱法)CaCaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2高温CaO+SiO 2 CaSiO 32Ca(OH)2+2CI2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O Ca(OH)2+SO3=CaSO4+H2OCaCO3+2HNO 3=Ca(NO 3)2+H2O+CO2 t(用HNO3和浓H2so4不能制备H2S、HI、HBr、(SO2)等还原性气体)CaCO3+SiO2=CaSiO3+CO2 tCaF2+H2so4(浓)=CaSO4+2HF fCa3(PO4)2+3H2so4(浓)=3CaSO4+2H3PO4Ca3(PO4)2+4H 3PO4=3Ca(H2Po4)2(重钙)CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2 tClCI2+H2=2HC1(光照或点燃)3C12+2P=2PCh3C12+2Fe=2FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeC13Cl2+2KI=2KC1+I2Cb+Na2s=2NaCl+S ICI2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HC1C12+H2O=HC1+HC1OCl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H 2O3C12+6KOH(热、浓)=5KC1+KC1O 3+3H2OCa3(PO4)2+2H2so4(浓)=2CaSC)4+Ca(H 2Po4)2Cl2+2Na=2NaClC12+PC13=PC15Cl2+Cu=Cu Cl22c l2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br 2*5C12+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HC1CI2+H2s=2HC1+S JCI2+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO4+2HC1Cl2+H2O2=2HC1+O22c l2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCu 占鄙2Cu+O2=2CuO 2Cu+S Cu2S Cu+Cl2=Cu Cl23Cu O+2NH 3=3Cu+N24-3H2OCuO+2HC1=CuC12+H2O CuO+H 2SO4=Cu SO4+H2OCu(OH)2+2HC1=CuC12+2H2O Cu(OH)2+H2SO4=CuSO4+2H2OCu(OH)2 Cu O+H2OCu CL+H2s=Cu S I+2HC1Cu C12+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2(+2NaClCuSO4+H2S=CuS I+H2SO4Cu SO 4+Ba(OH)2=Cu(OH)2 I+BaSO4 ICu SO4+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2 I+Na2sO4F2+H2=2HFFeFe占燃2Fe+3C12 2FeCl3Fe+S FeSFe+L-Feb3Fe+4H 2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe+Cu 02=FeC12+Cu2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2点燃3Fe+20 2 FesCM2Fe+3Br2=2FeBr3Fe+S-FeSFe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2 tFe+Sn C14=FeCl2+Sn C12FFe+H2S=FeS+H2 f2Fe+6H2so4(浓)=Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2 f+6H2OFe+H2so4(稀)=FeSO4+H2 tFe+6HNO 3=Fe(NO 3)3+3NO2 t+3H2OFe+4HNO 3=Fe(NO 3)3+NO t+2H2O 8 Fe+30HNO 3=8 Fe(NO3)3+3N2O f+15H2O lOFe+36HNO3=10Fe(NO3)3+3N2 f+18 H2O 8 Fe+30HNO 3=8 Fe(NC)3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O Fe(Al)+H 2so4(浓)室温下钝化Fe+(CH3COO)2Cu=Cu+(CH 3COO)2FeFeO3FeO+2A1 Ah O3+3Fe 6FeO+O 2 2Fe3(J4FeO+4HNO 3=Fe(NO3)3+NO2 t+2H2O2O3 高温 Fe2O3+2Al=Al2O3+2Fe Fe2O3+3CO=2Fe+3CO 2Fe2Ch+3H2=2Fe+3H20(制还原铁粉)Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2OFesO4 Fe3O44-4H2=3Fe+4H 2O Fe3O4+8 HCl(浓)=Fe02+2FeCl 3+4H2OFe(0H)2 Fe(OH)34Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4 Fe(OH)3 2Fe(OH)3=Fe2O3+3H2OFeCl22FeCl2+C12=2FeCl3 FeCh+Mg=Fe+MgChFeCh2FeCh+Fe=3FeCl2 2FeCl3+Cu=2FeCb+Cu C12(用于雕刻铜线路版)2FeCL+H 2sO3+H2O=H2so 4+2FeCl 2+2HCl2FeCh+Zn=2FeCl24-Zn Cl2 2FeCl3+H2S=2FeCl24-2HCl+S I2FeCh+2KI=2FeCl2+2KCl+l2FeCl3+3NH3 H2O=Fe(OH)3 I+3NH4c l2FeC13+3Na2c o 3+3H2O=2Fe(OH)3 I+3CO2 t+6NaClFeCl3+3NaHCO3=Fe(OH)3 I+3CO2 t2FeCh+SO2+2H2O=2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HC1 BaCl 2+H2SO4=BaSO4 I+2HC1FeCh+3KSCN=Fe(SCN)3+3KC1FeSFeS+2HC1=FeCl 2+H2Sf FeS+H2SO4=FeSO4+H/4FeS2+1IO2=2Fe2()2+8 SO2其它Fe化合物Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag=FeSO4+Ag2so4(较难反应)Fe(NO3)3+Ag 不反应HH2H2+F2=2HF（冷暗处爆炸）H2+CI2=2HC1（光照或点燃）催化剂3H2+冲、高温高压、2NH36H2+P4=4PH3Hz+2Na=2NaH3H2+Fe2O3=2Fe+3H2O（制还原铁粉）4H 2+Fe3（Z）4=3Fe+4 H 2OH2+S=H2s2H2+SiCL=Si（纯）+4HCl2H2+SiO2=Si+2H 2OHg3Hg+8 HN0 3（稀）=3Hg（N0 3）2+2NO2 t+4H2OHg+4HNO 3（浓）=Hg（NO 3）2+2N0 2 t+2H2OHF4HF+SiO2=SiF4+2H2。HCI6HC1+2A1=2A1C13+3H2 f 4HC1（浓）+Mn O 2=Mn Cl 2+CI2+2H2O16HCl+2KMn O 4=2KCl+2Mn Cl 2+5Cl2+8 H2O14HC1+K 2Cr2O7=2KCl+2Cr Cl 3+3Cl2+7H2O2HC1+FeO=FeCl2+3H2O 8 HC1（浓）+Fe3O4=FeC12+2FeC134-4H2OHCI+Na 2HPO4=NaH2PO4+NaCl2HC1+Fe=Fe2+H2 t 4HCl（g）+O 2=2C12+2H2OHCI+NH3=NH4C1（白烟）6HC1+Fe2O3=:2FeCl3+3H2OHCI+Na 3PO4=Na2HPO4+NaClHCI+NaH 2PC）4=H3PCU+NaClHCI+Na2CO3=NaHCO 3+NaClHCI+NaHCO 3=NaCl+H2O+CO2HBrHBr+NaOH=NaBr+H 2O2HBr+Cl 2=2HC1+Br 2HI2HI=H2+I22HI+Cl 2=2HC1+12HI+NaOH=Nai+H 2OH2O2F2+2H2O=4HF+O22Na+2H 2O=2NaOH+H 2 t 3Fe+4H2O（g）-Fe3O4+4H2SO2+H2O=H2SO33NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NOP2O5+H2CK 冷）=2HPO3CO2+H2O=H2CO3C12+H2O=HC1+HC1OMg+2H 2O=Mg（OH）2+H2 tSO3+H2O=H2SO4N2O5+H2O=2HNO3P2O5+3H2CX 热）=2H3PCUH2O22H2O2=2H2O+O2 tH2O2+C12=2HC1+C）25H2O2+2KMn O4+6HC1=2Mn Cl2+2KC1+5O2 t+8 H2OH2SH2S+C12=2HC1+S I2H2S+3O2（足量）=2SO2+2H2O2H2S+SO2=3S+2H 2OH2S=H2+SH2S+Mg=MgS+H22H2S+O2（少量）=2S+2H2OH2S+H2so 4（浓）=S I+SO2+2H2O3H2s+2HNO3（稀）=3S I+2N0+4H2O5H2S+2KMn O 4+3H 2sO4=2Mn S0 4+K2so 4+5S+8 H 20*3H2S+K2Cr 2O7+4H2sO4=Cr 2（SO4）3+K2so 4+3S+7H20*H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=Na2SO4+6NaOHH2S+Fe=FeS+H2 tH2s+2AgNC)3=Ag2s I+2HNO3H2S+Pb(NO3)2=PbS I+2HNO3H2CO3H2c03=8 2 f+H20HCIOHC1O=HC1+02 tH2S+C11CI2=Cu S I+2HC1H2S+HgCl2=HgS I+2HC1H2S+4NO 2=4N0+S0 3+H2OHNO33HNO3+Ag3P04=H3Po4+3 AgNO 3A1+4HNO3(稀)=A1(NO3)3+NO t+2H2O3As2s3+28 HNO 3+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28 NO t4HNC3(浓)+C=CO2 f+4NO2 t+2H2O2HNO3+CaCO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2 t6HNO3+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2 t+3H2O4HNO3+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+NO t+2H2O30HNO3+8 Fe=8 Fe(NO3)3+3N2O t+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe=10Fe(NO3)3+3N2 t+18 H2O30HNO3+8 Fe=8 Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFeO+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NO2 t+2H2O3H2s+2HNO3(稀)=3S I+2N0+4H2O4HNO3=4NO2+O2+2H2O(见光或受热分解)NH3+HNO 3=NH4NC）3（白烟）（用 HNO3和浓 H2SO4不能制备 H2S、HL HBr、（SO2）3Na2s+8 HNC3（稀）=6NaNO3+2NO+3s I+4H2O3Na2so 3+2HNC3（稀）=3Na2so 4+2NO t+H2O*5HNO3（浓）+P=H3Po 4+5NO2 t+H2OP4+20HNO 3（浓）=4H3Po 4+20NO 2+4H2OS+6HNC）3（浓）=H2so 4+6NO2 f+2氏03s+4HNO3（稀）=3SCh t+4N0 t+2H2O*S+6HNC）3（浓）=H2so 4+6NO2 t+2H2Oh3po44H3PO4+Ca3（PCU）2=3Ca（H 2Po4）2（重钙）H3P。4（浓）+NaBr=NaH 2Po 4+HBrH3P。4（浓）+NaI=NaH 2PO4+HIH2SO3H2SO3+X2+H2O=H2SO4+2HX（X 表示 Cb、B I2）2H2so 3+O2=2H2sO4H2SO3+H2O2=H2SO4+H2O5H2so 3+2KMn O 4=2Mn SC）4+K2so 4+2H2so 4+3H2OH2so 3+2FeCl 3+H2O=H2so 4+2FeCl 2+2HClH2SO3=H2O+SO22H2so 3+2H2s=3S I+2H2OH2SO4Zn+H2so 4=Zn SO4+H2 fFe+H2sO4=FeSC）4+H2 tMg+H2sO4=MgSC）4+H2 t2A1+3H2SO4=A12（SO4）3+3H2 t 2A1+6H2so4（浓）=Ab（SO4）3+3SO2 t+6H2O2NH3+H2so4=（NH4）2SC）4 2A1+6H2so4（浓）=Ab（SO4）3+3SO2 t+6H2OH2S+H2so 4（浓）=S I+SO2+2H2OP2O5+3H2so 4（浓）=2H3Po 4+3SO3BaCh+H2s。4（稀）=BaSO4+H2O2）NazCh+H2so4（冷、稀）=Na2sO4+H2O2MgO+H 2SO4=MgSO 4+H2OAbO3+3H2sO4=AL（SO4）3+3H2O 2H2so4（浓）+C=C02 t+2SO2 f+2氏02H2so4（浓）+S=3SO2 t+2H2OH2s。4（浓）+Fe（Al）室温下钝化6H2so 4（浓）+2Fe=Fe2（SO4）3+3SO2 t+6H2O 2H2so4（浓）+Cu=Cu SO4+SO2 t+2H2OH2so 4（浓）+2HBr=SO2+Br 2+2H2OH2s。4（浓）+2HI=SO2+l2+2H2。H2so晨浓）+CaF2=CaSC）4+2HF tH2so 4（浓）+Naa=NaHSO4+HCl tH2so 4（浓）+2NaCl=Na2so 4+2HC1H2so 4（浓）+NaNO3=NaHSO4+HNO3 t（微热）3H2so4浓）+Ca3（PCU）2=3CaSC）4+2H3PO42H2so4（浓）+Ca3（PO4）2=2CaSO4+C a（H2Po4）2 4I2+H2-2HII2+Fe=FebI2+2NaOH=Nai+NalO+H 2OKKK+O2=ko22K+2H2O=2KOH+H2 tK2O、K2O2K2O+H2O=2KOHK2O+CO2=K2CO32K2O2+2c Ch=K2CO3+O22K2O2+2H2O=4KOH+O 2KOH2K0H+C0 2=K2CO3+H2OKOH+C0 2=KHCO 3K2CO3K2CO3+2HC1=2KC1+CO 2 t+H2OK2CO3+CaCl 2=CaCO 3 I+2KCK2CO3+2AgN0 3=Ag 2c O3 I+2KN0 3KHCO3KHCO 3+HC1=KC1+CO 2 t+H2O 2KHCO3=K2CO3+CO2 t+H2OKCIO32KC1O 3 2KC1+3O2 tKCIO3+6HC1=KC1+3C1 2 t+3H2OKI2KI+02=2KC1+12KI+AgNO 3=Agl J+KNO3KAI(SO4)22KAi(SO4)2+6NaOH=K 2SO4+3Na2SO4+2A1(OH)3 I2KAi(SO 4)2+3Ba(0H)2=K2sO4+3BaS0 4 I+2A1(OH)3 I KA1(SO4)2+2Ba(0H)2=KA102+2BaS04 IKMnO42KMn O 4 K2M11O 4+Mn O 2+O 2 T2KMn O 4+16HC1=2KC1+2Mn Cl 2+5C12 t+8 H2O2KMn O 4+5H 2O2+6HC1=2KC1+2Mn Cl 2+50 2 T+8 H2OKSCN3KSCN+FeCl 3=Fe(SCN)3+3KC1KHKH+H 2O=KOH+H 2 tLLiLi+Ch Li2O2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+H2 tLi2OLi2O+CO2=Li2CO3Li2O+H2O=2LiOHLiOH2LiOH+CO 2=Li2c O3 I+H2OLiOH+CO 2=LiHCO 3U2CO3Li2cO3+2HC1=2LiCl+CO 2 t+H2OLiHCO3LiHCO 3+HC1=LiCl+CO 2 t+H2O2LiHCO3=02003+CO2 t+H20MMg点燃Mg+2H 2O=2Mg(OH)2 1+H2 t2Mg+O 2-2MgO点燃点燃Mg+Cl 2-MgCh2Mg 4-CO2-2MgO+CMg+S=MgSMg+Br 2=MgBr 2Mg+2HC1=MgCl 2+H2 tMg+H2s。4=MgSO4+H2 t2Mg+TiCl 4(熔融)=Ti+2MgCl 2Mg+2RbCl(熔融)=MgCl 2+2RbMgOMgO+2HC1=MgCl 2+H2OMgO+H 2O=Mg(OH)2 IMg(OH)2Mg(OH)2+2HC1=MgCl 2+2H2OMgCOsMgCO3+2HC1=2MgCl 2+CO2 t+H2OMgCO3+2H2O Mg(OH)2 I+CO 2 tMgCO3 CO2 t+MgOMg(HCO3)2Mg(HCO 3)2+2HC1=MgCl 2+2CO2 t+2H2O2Mg(HC0 3)2Mg(OH)2 I+C02 t+H20MgS04MgSO 4+Ba(OH)2=Mg(OH)2 +BaSO 4 IMgSO4+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2 I+Na2SO4 IMn02Mn O2+4HCl(浓)Mn Cl2+Cl2 t+2H2ONn2催化剂 液由N2+3H2 温W2NH3 N2+O2=2NO点燃N2+3Mg=Mg3N2 N2+6Na=2NasNNO、NO2、N2O52NO+O2=2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO2)催化剂6NO+4NH 3，5N2+6H 2。NO2+2KI+H2O=NO+l2+2KOH(不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别澳蒸气和NO2)4NO2+H2s=4NO+SO 3+H2ONO2+SO2=SO3+NO3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O=2HNO3nh32NH3+3CuO=3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3C12=N2+6HC18 NH3+3CI2=N2+6NH4CI占燃4NH3+3C)2(纯氧)、2N2+6H2O催化剂4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H 20催化剂 E-、士，人4NH3+6NO=5N2+6HO(用氨清除 NO)NH3+HC1=NH4c1(白烟)NH3+HNO 3=NH4NO3(白烟)2NH3+H2SO4=(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H 2O+CO2=NaHCO3 I+NH4c l(侯氏制碱法)2NH3+SO2+H2O=(NH4)2SO3nh3 h2o=nh3 t+h2oNH3+H2O-NH3,H2O 4 NH4+OHNH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3=NH3+H2O+CO 2(NH4)2CO3=2NH3 t+H2O+CO2 tNH4CINH4C1=NH3+HC12NH4CI+Ca(OH)2=CaC12+NH3 t+H2ONH4CI+NaOH NaCl+NH 3 t+H2ONH4CI+NaOH=NaCl+NH 3*H2ONH4NO3NH4 NO3+NaOH=Na NO3+NH3 H2O NH4 NO3+NaOH=Na NO3+NH3 t+H2O5NH4NO3=2HNO3+4N2 t+9H2O(NH4)2SO3(NH4)2SO4(NH4)2SO3+SO2+H2O=2NH4HSO3(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH=Na2sO4+2NH3*H2O(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH Na2so 4+2NH3 t+2H2ONa Na?O NazOz4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na+S=Na2s(爆炸)2Na+2NH 3=2NaNH 2+H2Na2O+H2O=2NaOHNa2O+CO2=Na2CC)3占燃 占燃2Na4-O2=Na2O2 Cl2+2Na 2NaCl2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2 f 2Na+H2=2NaH4Na+TiCl 4(熔融)=4NaCl+Ti2Na2O+C)2-=2Na2()2 NazO+SCh=Na2sO4Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H 20Na2O2+2Na=2Na2O(此反应用于制备Na2O)2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2 t(此反应分两步 Na2O2+2H2O=2NaOH+H2O2;2H2O2=2H2O+O2 t o H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应)2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2c o 3+O2NazCh+H2so4(冷、稀)=Na2SO4+H2O2NaHNaH4-H2O=NaOH+H2NaOH2NaOH+Si+H 2O=Na2SiO3+2H2 t6NaOH+3S=2NazS+Na2so 3+3H2O2NaOH+2Al+2H 2O=2NaAlO2+3H2 t2NaOH（过量）4-CO2=Na2CO3+H2ONaOH+8 2（过量）=NaHC032NaOH+SiO2=Na2SiO3+H2O（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃）2NaOH+Al 2O3=2NaAlO 2+H2O2NaOH+Cl 2=NaCl+NaClO+H 2ONaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2ONaOH+H 2s（足量）=NaHS+H 202NaOH+H 2s（少量）=Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+A1C13=A1（O H）3 I+3NaClNaOH+Al（OH）3=NaAlO2+2H2ONaOH+NH 4Cl=NaCl+NH 3 t+H2O4NaOH+A1C1 3=NaAl（OH）4+3NaCl2NaOH+P2O5=2NaP0 3+H2O6NaOH+P 2。5=2Na 3P03+3H 2ONaAIO22NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O=2Al（OH）3 I+Na2c O33NaAlO 2+AICI3+6H2O-4A1（OH）3（NaCk NaCIO、NaBr、NaiNaCl+H2so 4（浓）=NaHSO4+HCl t强执H2s。4（浓）+2NaCl=Na2so 4+2HC12NaI+Cl2=2NaCl+I2NaBr+H 3Po 4(浓)=NaH2PO4+HBrNal+H 3Po4浓)=NaH 2Po 4+HINa2co3、NaHC03Na2c Ch+SiOz NazSiOg+CO?Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO 3+NaClNaHCO 3+HC1=NaCl+H 20+C0 23Na2c o 3+2A103+3H2O=2Al(OH)3 I+3CO2 f+6NaCl 3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O=2Fe(OH)3 I+3CO2 t+6NaCl 3NaHCO3+AICI3=Al(OH)3 I+3CO2 t3NaHCO3+FeCl3=Fe(OH)3 I+3CO2 tNaHCO 3+HC1=NaCl+CO 2 t+H20 2NaHC03 z=Na2CO3+CO2 t+H203Na2c O3+2Br2+H20=2NaHC0 3+2NaBr O+2NaBr+CO 2NaHCO 3+Br2=NaBr+HBr O+CO 2 tNaN03、NaNO22NaNO3 2NaNO2+O2 tH2s。4(浓)+NaNC)3:=NaHSO4+HNO3 f(微热)KC10 3+6HC1=KC1+3C1 2 t+3H2ONaNO2+NH4CI=NaCl+N 2 t+2H2ONa3Po4、NaH2Po4、Na2HPO4Na3PO4+HCl=Na2HPO4+NaClNazHPCU+HCl=NaH2P04+NaClNaH2PO4+HCI=H3P04+NaClNa2S NaHSNa?S+C12=2NaCl+S I3Na2s+8 HNO3（稀）=6NaNCh+2NO+3s I+4H2O3Na2S+Al2（SO4）3+6H2O=2A1（OH）3 I+3H2s fNa2sO4、Na2sO3、Na2s2O33Na2so 3+2HNC）3（稀）=3Na2so 4+2NO t+H2O2Na2so 3+Ch=2Na2so4Na2s2O3+H2sO4=Na2sO4+S+SO2+H2O Na2SO3+S02+H20=2NaHS0 3 2NaHS0 3=Na2sO3+S02 t+H20Na2SiO3Na2SiO3+2HC1=H 2SiO3 I+2NaClC6H5ONaC6H50Na+C0 2+H2O=C6H50H+NaHC0 3o02点燃02+2H2=2H2O点燃202+3Fe:=:Fe3O4点燃。2+S SO2放电02+N2=2N0点燃4P+5O2-P40io（常写成 P2O5）L E 点燃C+O2（足量）=CO2O2+K=KO2302里=203Si（粉）+02：Si024Na+O2=2Na2O 2Na2O+C）2=2Na2C）22Na+O2=Na2（Z）2点燃2Mg+O 2：2MgO占燃4A1+3O 2 2 Al 2。3（钝化）催化剂4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O2SO2+O2 2sO36FeO+O 2 2Fe3（）42H2so3+O2=2H2sO44Fe（OH）2+O2+2H2O=4Fe（OH）32Na2so 3+O2=2Na2sO403203=30203+2HI=I2+O2+H2OPPC13+C12=PC15P4+6H2=4PH3点燃4P+502=P40io（常写成 P2O5）P4+20HNO 3（浓）=4H3Po 4+20NO 2+4H2OHP+15Cu SO 4+24H 2O=5CU3P+6H 3PO4+15H2SO4PH3+2O2=H3PO4P2O3、P2O5P2O5+H2CK 冷）=2HPO3P2O5+3H2CX热）=2H3PCM（P2O5极易吸水、可作气体干燥剂*P2O5+3H2so4（浓）=2H3Po 4+3SO3P2O5+2NaOH=2NaPO 3+H2O P2O5+6NaOH=2Na3PO3+3H2OPb、Pb02Pb+2HC1=PbCl 2+H2 tPbO2+4HCl（浓）=PbCl2+Cl2 t+2H2O铅盐Pb（NO3）2+H2S=PbS I+2HNO3（CH38 O）2Pb+H2S=PbS I+CH3COOHR2Rb+2H 2O=2RbOH+H 2 tRbOH+HC1=RbCl+H 2OssS+H2-H2s2S+C-c s2S+2CuCu 2s3S+2A1A12S3S+O2-点燃-s o2 S+Fe=FeSS+Zn-Zn SS+6HNC3（浓）=H2so 4+6NO2 t+2H2O3s+4HNO3（稀尸 3SC）2 t+4NO t+2H2O 3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2OS+2Na=Na2s（爆炸）S+Mg=MgSS+Fe FeSS+2H2so4（浓）=3SO2 t+2氏0SO2SO2+2H2s=3S+2H2O 2s o 2+O2=2SO32so 2+O2+2H2O=2H2SO4SO2+CI2+2H2O=H2so 4+2HC1SO2+Br2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2O=H2so 4+2HI*SO2+NO2=SO34-NOSO2+2H2s=3S+2H2OSO2+H2O=H2SO3SO2+2NH3+H2O=（NH4）2SO3SO2+（NH4）2SO3+H2O=2NH4HSO3SO2+Ca（OH）2=CaSO3 I+H20（不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2.可用品红鉴别）2NaOH+SO 2（少量）=Na2sO3+H2ONaOH+SO 2（足量）=NaHSO 3CI2+SO2+2H2O=H2sO4+2HC1S03SO3+H2O=H2so4SOs+MgO=MgSO4SO3+Ca（OH）2=CaSO4+H2OSCh+NazO=Na2so4*SCh+2KI=K2so 3+I2SiSi（粗）+2C12=SiC14Si（粉）+O2=SiO2Si+2NaO