直接引语和间接引语.doc

直接引语与间接引语
引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫 ____________;直接引语通常都用________括起来
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________________。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ________。
Direct Speech
① She said, “I like singing. ” ②She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”
Indirect Speech
She said (that) she liked singing. She said (that) she was waiting for a bus.
直接引语变间接引语的五点变化
1.人称 2. 时态 3. 连接词 4. 语序
5. 指示代词、时间/地点状语、表示方向的动词
1. 人称的变化
Tom says to me, “I have left my book in your room.”
Tom says to me that ___ has left __ book in ___ room.
１、人称的变化
She said,“ I like Tennis.” → She said that ________liked tennis.
He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.” → He ________Lily that_________ must get up early.
She said to me ,“ They want to help him.” → She ______ me that ______wanted to help him.
变化规则：一随＿＿，二随＿＿＿，第三人称＿＿＿＿＿
2.时态的变化
1. “I am listening to music,” he answered.
He answered that he ____________________ to music.
2. The worker said, “I have worked here since 1997.”
The worker said that he __________________ there since 1997.
3. Tom said, “I was a teacher in the past.”
Tom said that he ___________________ a teacher in the past.
4. He told me, “I will go to school.”
He told me that he ___________________ to school.
5. Tom said, “I go to the library on the weekend.”
Tom said that he ___________________to the library on the weekend.
变化规则：___________________________________________
观察和总结：由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:
1) He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
He said that the earth goes around the sun. →___________________
2) He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”
He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m. →___________________
3) He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.”
He said that Rome isn’t built in a day. →___________________
4) Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”
Tom said he was born in July, 1978. →___________________
3.连接词与语序
观察句中直接引语与间接引语的变化规律，并总结。
1) He said, “The ice cream is so delicious.” → He said that the ice cream was so delicious.
间接引语：
2) He asked, “Is my glasses cool enough?” → He asked whether / if his glasses was cool enough.
间接引语：
3) She asked, “what are you thinking about everyday?”
→ She asked what she was thinking about everyday.
间接引语：
4) She said to him, “Drink some soup.” → She told him to drink some soup.
间接引语：
直接引语和间接引语可分为四大类：
直接引语
间接引语
陈述句

一般疑问句

特殊疑问句

祈使句

5. 指示代词、时间/地点状语、表示方向的动词
直接引语转变为间接引语时，有些指示代词、时间/地点状语、表示方向的动词要发生变化。
Tom said, “I will be here this evening.”
Tom said that he would be _________that evening.
Tom said, “I have not seen John today.”
Tom said that he had not seen John___________.

直接引语

间接引语

指示代词
this, these

时
间
状
语

now, today, this week
yesterday, last week
four days ago
the day before yesterday
tomorrow, next month

地点状语
here

方向性动词
come, bring

1)The boss told her, “I will leave tomorrow.”
The boss told her that ______ would leave ____________ .
2)Mr. Cook said, “she will come here this evening.”
Mr. Cook said that ____ would __________________
3)He said, “I saw her here three days ago.”
He said that ______ had seen _______________________ .
注意事项
1) 人称 2) 时态 3) 相应的时间地点状语 4) 标点符号
5） 大小写 6） 问号改为句号 7） 语序---疑问改陈述
8） 宾语从句由什么引出 9) 祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述
Exercise
1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” →Jack told me that ___ worried ___.
A. he looks…today B. you look…today
C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day
2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.”
We told her that ___ through the street ___.
A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now
C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now
3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”
Mr. Black said that __ a long way __.
A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week
C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week
4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” →The man thought that __ take it back __.
A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day
C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day
5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”
They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house.
A. that were we…this B. that we were…that
C. if were we …this D. if we were…that
6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” →Jane asked ____ about _____.
A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before
C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago
7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”
She asked whose house ____ break into _____.
A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time
C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time
8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?”
Jack asked her where ____ holidays.
A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your
9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?” →Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here
C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here
10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”
The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east.
A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise