主谓一致讲解.doc

主谓一致讲解主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，考查主要集中在以下内容：一 语法一致原则。主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。也就是说，如果做主语的代词或名词是复数，那谓语也要用相应的复数形式。若做主语的代词或名词是单数，那谓语也要用相应的单数形式。He is a doctor and comes from China.Many trees have been cut, and used to make paper.We are good friends and share secrets with each other.二 意义一致原则。1. 集体名词family,class,team,group等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；当他们看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。My family is large and all family are friendly to others.My class is on the first floor, and listen, the class are singing.2. 一些只有复数形式的名词people,police,cattle,clothes做主语时，谓语动词要用复数。People are warm-hearted in the county.Police are peoples public servant.三 就近原则。1. 由连词notbut.,or, eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also连接并列主语时，谓语与最靠近它的保持一致。Either Tom or I am going to attend the meeting.Not only the professor but also the students are pleased with the weather. 2. There be句型，谓语动词和靠近它的主语保持一致。There is an apple and many plates on the desk.There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.四 就远原则。 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The women together with two children is my aunt .All students expect Tim are interested in Chinese.五 谓语动词用单数的情况。1.动词不定式短语，动名词（doing）或主语从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数；Swimming is my favorite sport.To be invited to the party is my pleasure.When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.2.every(no,each,many a)+单数名词and+every(no,each,many a)+单数名词作主语是，谓语动词仍用单数（后一个限定词可省略）。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film. 许多老师和学生看过这部电影。3. 以-s结尾的学科名，书名，国名作主语,谓语动词用单数表学科（physics, politics, maths）,书名（the Arabian Nights）,国名（the United States, Wales, the United Nations） 如：The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 4. 由some-, any-, no-, every- 或-thing，-body，-one构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语动词都用单数。Something is wrong with my computer, it isnt working now.5. 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词做主语，被看成整体时，谓语动词通常用单数。Ten hours is long enough for me to finish writing the novel.但如果与pass, go by连用指时间流逝，或者与spend，waste等连用指时间或金钱的花费时，谓语动词用复数Six months have passed , and we still have no news of them. 6. many a 单数名词 (许多) ； more than one 单数名词(不止一)做主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。注意： “more than +基数词复数名词”结构或“more 复数名词 than one做主语时，谓语用复数。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan. 7. “one of/each of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, hopes to go to university.8. 两个名词用and连接作主语，表示同一人、同一物、同一概念或表不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数（通常and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词）。例： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。【典型例题】The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were六谓语动词用复数的情况。1、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)做主语，谓语动词往往用复数The poor live a hard life in all countries, especially in the developing countries.2、由and或bothand连接的并列成分做主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。Both the poet and the writer have come to the conference.The poet and writer has come to the conference.3、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.4.a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 A number of teenagers are learning English and the number is too large to count. 5、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。 One or two reporters have lost lives in the accident. One/a+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数 One student or two was late today.今天只有一二个学生迟到。 6. “both /few /several/many+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 Few words are best.七具体情况具体分析。1. A+with，along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except ，besides, like, including, more than, no less than + B作主语时，谓语仍用单复数形式与A 一致。如： Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加晚会了。 Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive in New York this afternoon. 史密斯博士及其夫人今天下午将到达纽约。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一个老师和三个学生在实验室里。2、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none做主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.3、“ all of /half of/the rest of /most of /part of /plenty of /some of /a lot of/lots of+n； “分数(百分数)+of +名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。 但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，但如果前面有分数，百分数时，谓语动词形式用复数。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .Three fifths of the population here are workers.4、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词做主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。 Three of us will go; the rest are staying at home.5、疑问代词做主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。Who is your brother?Who are League members?6、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。Do you know the man who is smoking here?注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.7.强调句中的主谓一致在强调结构（it is/wasthat）中，若强调的是主语，that 后面的谓语动词与被强调部分一致。 It is I that am his English teacher.8. 倒装结构中的主谓一致在“here， there，now , then up, down ,in , out , away, 等作状语或表语的介词短语/分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定 On the wall hang two maps. On the wall hangs a world map.9. 集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主语时谓语动词要依据所指意义而定。当作为整体看时，用单数；当指其中各成员时，谓语用复数。如：The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are doing experiments. 全班学生正在做实验。10. 由两部分构成的物体的名词，如trousers，pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时，谓语用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a/two/three/thispair(s) of等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：These trousers need cleaning. 这些裤子需要清洗。Your glasses are very nice. 你的眼镜很漂亮。This pair of trousers is mine. 这条裤子是我的。Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。11. a quantity of及quantities of都可修饰单复名词；quantities of后的谓语总用复数；a quantity of后的谓语取决于名词的单复数。With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of earth is being washed away each year.= With more forests being destroyed, quantities of earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的泥土被冲走。4