Lesson-12-ships-in-the-desert.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Advanced EnglishBook One,Lesson Twelve,Ships in the Desert,Al Gore,1,I.Lead-in Questions,What,s the meaning of the title?,Why are the ships in the desert?,Where is the desert?Or Which desert is referred to?,What caused that had happened?,How did the author know that there were ships in the desert?,What does the author try to tell us through his article?,Who is the author?(See Note 1),2,About the title:,Ships in the Desert,Compare the following:,De,s,ert,:n.,dez,t,wildness;waste land;waterless and treeless,often sand covered;,De,s,ert,:v.di,z,:t,abandon;give up;go away from,De,s,ert,s:n.di,z,:ts,(usu.pl.)what sb.deserves,De,ss,ert,:n.di,z,:t course of fruit,etc.at the end of a meal;(U.S.A)any sweet dish(e.g.pie,pudding,ice-cream)served at the end of a meal;(Gr.Brit.)the sweet,3,For examples,The Sahara,Desert,The streets were,deserted,.,He,deserted,his wife and children and went abroad.,They are rewarded(punished)according to their,deserts,.,Some people failed to get their,deserts,.,He is a man of,deserts,.,Dessert,fork knife spoon wine,4,II.Introduction about the author,Al Gore,was born in,1948,in Washington D.C.,U.S.He has been a,Senator,(,1984-1992,)representing the State of Tennessee,and U.S.,Vice-President,(,1992-2000,)under President Bill Clinton.He,ran for the Presidency,against George W.Bush Jr.but the latter won the closely tied election and has become the 43rd American President.The text is taken from Al Gore,s book,Earth in the Balance:Ecology and the Human Spirit.,5,Al Gores,profound analysis of where humanity has gone wrong,ranges across,history,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,and religion.,Al Gore,demonstrates that the quality of our air and water is urgently at risk.He clearly illustrates how problems that once were,regional,have now become,global.,Gore argues for a worldwide mobilization to save us from disaster.,6,III.General Introduction About the Text,“,Ship in the Desert,”,is a phenomenon,or an image of destruction.The desert indicates the,Aral Sea,which was the fourth largest inland sea in the world ten years ago.But now it is disappearing because the water that,used to flow into the sea,has been,turned away,to,irrigate,the land created in the desert to grow cotton.The scheme was an,ill-conceived,one because it failed to take into consideration the,ecological effect,.This is,a case of destruction.,7,III.General Introduction about the Text,The author,by what he saw,checked and studied the cases of destruction found out the basic causes behind the environmental problems as,ecological imbalance,environmental pollution,rapidly increased population,great changes of the weather,shortage of natural,resources,etc,.He wanted to call people,s attention to these social problems,and he,appealed that,everyone should become aware of the serious situations they are in and we should highly realize the great significance of,taking an action to,solve these acute problems,8,III.General Introduction about the Text,Try our best to protect our environment from being polluted;,to control the rapid increase of population;,to make a good use of the natural resources;,to trap more materials or energy;,to save energy,etc.,otherwise,all animals and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.,9,Some environmental situations now,Comprehension questions for Para.7,10,Why did the writer go to the Aral Sea?What did he see there?,11,12,IV.Some Proper Names used in the text,The Aral Sea,:,咸海,(see Note 2),Great Lakes,:,五大湖,(,see Note 3),Trans-Antarctic Mountains,:,南极山脉,(see Note 6),Five Oceans:,the Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic and Antarctic Ocean,Seven Continents,:Asia;America;Africa;Europe;Australia;Latin America;South America,Antarctic Peninsula,:,南极半岛，又名,Graham Land,旧名为,Palmer Peninsula,13,IV.Some Proper Names used in the text,Arctic Circle,:,北极圈,mid-night sun,:,午夜太阳,(see Note 9),ozone depletion:,臭氧层空洞,(see Note 20),ozone,is an unstable,pale-blue gas,O3 with a penetrating odor.,depletion,means the gradual using up or destruction of capital asserts esp.of natural resources.,the polar regions,:,南北极地区,at the very bottom of the earth;at the other end of our planet;Antarctic as one end and Arctic as the other end.,14,IV.Some Proper Names used in the text,Clean Air Act,:,净化空气法案,(see Note 5)one of the oldest environmental laws of the US as well as the most far-reaching,the costliest(the most valuable),and the most controversial,.It was passed in 1970.,the glacier,:,冰河、冰川,n.a slowly moving river or mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts.,the polar ice cap,：,极地冰帽,submarine sonar tracks:,水下声纳系统探测,noctilucent cloud,:,夜光云彩,translucent:,adj.Partially transparent,as frosted glass,15,IV.Some Proper Names used in the text,latitude,:,纬度,In high northern latitudes,在北纬高纬度地区（距离赤道很远的地区）,High latitudes;,low latitudes,：低纬度地区（距离赤道很近的地区）,Warm cold latitudes;south north latitude,equator:,赤道,equatorial,:of or near the equator,longitude,：经度,altitude,:height,esp.above sea-level.,Cf.,attitude:,the position or manner of standing of the body;a manner of feeling and behaving,16,The type of the writing:,exposition by effect and cause,1.Para.1:,Effects,of environmental crises,(The Aral),2.Paras.2-20:,Causes,of environmental crises,A.,The destruction around the world,-Antarctic,the Arctic,the equator,around us,B,.,Classification of the images of destruction,-Local-Regional-Strategic/global context,C.,The dominant cause of the change,-Human civilization,3.Paras.21-23:,Solution,A.Recognizing the starling images of destruction,B.Understanding the two aspects,C.Changing the view of the relationship-Educate people,V.Structure Analysis,17,VI.Detailed Study of the Text,Listen to the record of the text.,Comprehension questions for Para.1,What pictures does the author create?(contrast),How different are the pictures?,What caused the change?,What effect does the change have on the local people?,18,Part 1:,(Para.1)It tells us the author went to Aral Sea some day and what he saw in the Aral.,Paraphrase:,Capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good,day,:having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning 50 tons of fish caught on a productive day,Be anchored,:make(a ship)secure with an anchor,Over the bow,:said of objects within 45,of the point right ahead.,19,Paraphrase:,The prospects of a good catch looked bleak:,It was not at all possible to,have a good catch,to catch a large amount of fish.,This is obviously,an understatement,because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish,to say nothing of,catching a lot of fish.,20,Paraphrase:,Where there should have been,there was,Pay attention to the structure.It is like,“,Where there is a will,there is a way.,”,.,The implication,is that once there were,gentle waves,lapping against,the side of the ship but there were none now.Instead,in the place of the waves there were,stretches of sand.,A beautiful,stretch of,wooded country,21,How could the other ships be at rest in the sand?,The other ships were also,anchored,in the original coast but now water had turned into sand therefore they were,surrounded by sand,and could not move.,22,Why is the Aral disappearing?,It is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton.The scheme was an ill-conceived one because it failed to take into consideration the ecological effect.,23,Where did they get the fish for canning?,Brought,not from,the Aral Sea,but,shipped,by,rail,through Siberia,from the Pacific Ocean,more than a thousand miles away.,24,Comprehensive questions for Para.2,What brought the author to the South Pole?,What was the scientist doing?,What was the tunnel through time?,What,s the hole in the sky?,Does the change of environment in a particular country have any effect on other parts of the world?,How then?,25,Para.2,thesis statement:,My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has let me to travel around the world to check and study cases in order to find out the basic causes behind the environmental crisis,What does it mean?,26,I traveled around the world because I wanted to see,check and study cases of such destruction in order to find out the basic causes behind the environmental crisis.,This sentence expresses the main idea and indicating the development of a causal essay.,27,Para.2-3,It tells us the author went to the very bottom of the earth Antarctic,and what he found out.,Antarctica,Southern Ocean,28,Background knowledge,glacier,29,China has set up two scientific research stations at,Trans-Antarctic Mountains,:,Zhongshan Station,in the East and,Great Wall,in the West.,30,Paraphrase,Images of destruction,:typical examples of destruction,At the very bottom of the earth,:at the southern end of the earth,s axis,Through a hole,:It refers to,Ozone Depletion,.,Why did the author say the sun glared through a hole in the sky?Where comes the hole?,The tunnel,he was digging,through time,:,时间隧道,31,the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky,the sun shining at midnight through the,ozone depletion,a hole,:ozone depletion,臭氧层空洞,32,Image of the largest Antarctic ozone hole ever,recorded in September 2000,33,He was,drilling,to get samples from the,glacier,the deeper,he drilled,the farther,the sample in time;in other words,the,surface,of the glacier is an indication of recent time while,the deeper part,of the glacier tells of situation of a much remote period,Note,the use of past participle and present participle.,On the face there were lines that were split open and pieces of skin were coming down,34,Paraphrase,in time,:following the layers of ice in the core sample,his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 20 years ago.,two continents away,:the two continents refers to South America and Antarctica.,emission:,the amount of pollutants discharged;,emit,:v.give out;discharge,access,ible,:able to be reached or entered,e.g.facts that are,access,ible to,all;a collection of paintings not,access,ible to,the public.,35,Comprehension questions for Para.3,What role did the industrial revolution play in improving our life and in damaging our environment?,How can carbon dioxide warm the earth?,What is,“,green house effect,”,?,What does the,“,steep line,”,indicate?,36,Paraphrase,industry meant coal,:the development of industry meant the use of large amount of coal as fuel to generate power,it,:standing for coal and later oil,rising level,:the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grew,trap,:v.n.take in a trap;capture by a trick,upwind,:n.adv.Adj.In the direction from which the wind is blowing or usually blows.,37,Why does carbon dioxide have the ability to trap more heat?,Because,heat cannot easily get through carbon dioxide and go into the high altitude so carbon dioxide plays the role of a cover,keeping the heat near the earth.,Ice runway,:runway is a strip of paved ground for use by airplanes in taking off and landing,and here in the South Pole the runway is a strip of ice ground.,Ski plane,:an airplane with skis instead of wheels for landing and taking off in the snow.,38,Why are the engines of the plane kept running?,Because,the pilot fears that if he stops the engines,the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again.,What were scientists doing in the Antarctic region?,They were watching or checking on the air several times every day to show the onward movement on an outline map.,inexorable,:that cannot be altered,checked,39,To chart the course of CO2 emission and temperature,in the Antarctic,40,Comprehension questions for Para.4-5,Where did the author go 2.5 years after his visit to the S Pole?,What were the scientists doing at the time?,What did the author do with the U.S.Navy?,What kind of information did Gore ask the U.S.Navy to release?,Whats happening to the polar ice cap?,What caused this?,How important is the polar ice cap in the worlds weather system?,What did a team of scientists report?,What did scientists establish a few years ago?,41,Para.4 and 5,It tells us the author went to the other bottom of the earth-Arctic Ocean.He found out the temperature in the polar regions are up much more rapidly,so the north polar cap has thinned.,What caused the thinning of the polar ice cap?,42,Background knowledge,Polar Ice Cap,43,Paraphrase,At the other end of our planet:,Antarctic as one end and Arctic as the other end.,Slab:,a piece that is flat,broad and fairly thick,Frigid:,extremely cold,A hearty breakfast:,a satisfying and rich breakfast,Snowmobile:,a kind of motor vehicle for traveling over snow,usually with steerable runners at the front and tractor treads at the rear,Rendezvous point:,the place where a submarine was to pick them up,44,Paraphrase,to secure the release of previously top secret data:,to ensure the making public of data which were originally classified as top secret.,submarine sonar tracks:,水下声纳系统探测,eerily:,mysteriously or uncannily esp.in such a way as to frighten or disturb,windswept:,swept by or exposed to winds,With the stretch of ice field characterized by small ridges,45,Sentence translation,I had just,negotiated,an agreement between ice scientists and the U.S.Navy,to secure,the release of previously top secret,data from,submarine sonar tracks,data that,could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap.,1,、此前我,刚刚通过谈判,使美国海军方面与研究北极冰层的科学家,达成协议,，向他们提供由水下声纳系统探测得到的本来,属于最高机密,的有关资料，这资料有助于他们了解北极冰层所发生的情况。,2,、不久前我在美国海军与冰川科学家之,间作了些游说工作,，双方,达成了协议,，海军方面同意提供由水下声纳系统获取的原本属于最高机密的有关数据，这些数据有助于冰川科学家了解北极冰帽的现状。,46,How are these hummocks formed?,When separate layers of ice,broad in extent,strike violently against each other,ice is pushed up into ridges by the force of the collision.,Pressure ridges of ice:,压脊。冰丘之所以又有这一别称是因为它们是由大冰团相撞的冲击力挤压隆起形成的。,Collide:,e into violent contact;crash;strike violently,47,Why would the thinning of the polar ice cap be disastrous to the world?,Because,the polar ice cap plays a crucial role in the world,s weather system,the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.The sea level would be raised.As a result,some seaside cities and small islands would be swallowed by the sea.,Note,the use of model verb.Here,“,could be,”,indicates,possibility,48,Para.5 Paraphrase,scenarios:,an outline for any proposed or planned series of events,real or imagines;a sequence of events esp.when imagined,speculative:adj,.Concerned with speculation,speculative,philosophy;,speculative,purchases of grain,thinking about,how a series of events might happen,as a consequence of,the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice,in conjecture,;it has got practical value.,49,Sentence translation,Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative,exercise.,1,、,探索这些问题并不是一种,纯理论性,的工作。,2,、对上述情景的考虑决不是一种,“,概念炒作,”,。,50,Paraphrase,A still,controversial,claim:a stat