高中定语从句知识结构图解.doc

定语从句知识结构图 定义：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任， 也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 指人 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 指物 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has left, which surprises all of us. 先行词 (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 替代前面的先行词 关系词的作用 连接主句和定语从句 在定语从句中作句子成分 定语从句 “三要素” 关系词: 引导定语的词 关系代词：在从句中做 主,宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) 从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 的分类 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) 语 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 从 句 难点和注意点 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语 关系代词的省略 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) 限定性定语从句 关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 比较: Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用which且不能省略） 以疑问词who开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there? 关系代词在从句中作表语时 用that的情况 She is not the girl that she used to be. 先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for. 先行词是人 that/who的区别 行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另外一个用who 用who的情况 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 在非限定性定语从句中. She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 关系词置于介词之后,作宾语. The pen with which you write is Jacks. 用which的情况 先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句, 一个关系词用that,另一个用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. 先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much, 先行词是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等 that / which She did all that she could to help us. 的区别 先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only,the very, the right等所修饰时 This is the very book that I want. 先行词中既有人又有物时 She described in her compositions the people and 用that的情况 the places that impressed her most. 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here. 定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that Who is the person that is standing at the gate? As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定 句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中 Such/so. as. 像.一样 the same . as 和.同样的 A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. As引导定语 He is not the same man as he was. 从句的用法 引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人的看法,态度,评论等。 此时译为“正如，像”等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。 As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. the same as.和the same that.引导定语从句的区别 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物） When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.（when=on which） Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等 Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which) Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason. 关系副词 I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which) 的运用 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词 Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)， situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等 What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式（此时where = in which） way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比较: The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple （way在定语中作tell的宾语） time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句 几个特殊 先行词time This is the first time that the president has visited the country. 的先行词 time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词when This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. （此时when = during which 在.期间） 先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here. 比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填 he explained to us for his absence from the conference. （reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语） 该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人） 该结构介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配 This is the book on which I spent $ 8. This is the book for which I paid $ 8. 根据现行词的搭配习惯 I remember the days during which I lived there. I remember the day on which I graduated from university. 介词+关系代词 根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定 The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen. 英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。 Here is the money with which to buy the piano. She is the right person on whom to depend. 注意:如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略 The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd. 有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如 look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等 This is the baby that you will look after. 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year. 定语从句 的主谓一致 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 定语从句可以转换为 ing或-ed形式 定语从句的 The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwang. 转化 I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway. The man (who stands) standing there is my friend. 判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句） 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 (主、宾、表、定、状) 10.定语从句的 从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词 解题方法 例:Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago? Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held？ A. where B. that C. on which D. what 注意：.关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人： whose = the + 名词 + of whom 当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of which Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday? Id like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea. 5