作文方法指导.doc

襄阳一中 高中英语 写作方法 编写：张健 使用时间 姓名： 考号：
高中英语写作方法指导
学习目标
1.熟悉作文五个档次及优秀作文的特点。
2.引导学生学习写作并了解写作技巧。
方法指导
1.先理解后练习。
2.写作练习互评。
评判作文的标准
第一档：一塌糊涂（messy）；0---6分 第二档：糊里糊涂（cloudy）；7---12分
第三档：马马虎虎（common）；13---18分 第四档：清清楚楚（clear）；19----24分
第五档：漂漂亮亮（cool）。25—30分 20分以上作文 踩点扣分18分以下作文 踩点给分
好作文的标准
1.书写清晰明了 无填涂 2.结构合情合理 3.审题明确 中心突出 4.行文语言流畅准确
5.不是单纯拼凑 阅卷老师一目了然 6.句式丰富 使用较多的高中阶段学过的单词词组
7.内容积极乐观 情感饱满 体现个人良好的价值观人生观
作文书写
1.态度决定高度 attitude determines altitude 2.传达两种思想 ： 我很认真，我要拿高分。
3.五要：干净，整洁，压线，分三段，g h f y I s 字母重点注意，恰当的大小可以遮丑。
4.五不要：添涂，伞型，一逗到底，上蹦下蹿，随意，瘦小挤在一起，硕大无比 。
5.注意：字母要善于辨认，字母之间有间隔。单词之间不能隔太开或忽大忽小，大概一行十一到十三字。开头结尾一个单词拼写也不能错,开头结尾三到四行不能有语法错误。
作文结构
开头 总 对提示语或图片进行解释 阐明观点开门见山 一针见血 3~4行
中间 分 提出问题 解决问题办法 结果 情绪饱满 10~12行
结尾 总 总结观点 收获 前后呼应 感情升华 3~4 行
关于审题
抓住关键词
A.请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。
Interest plays an important role in our life. With the motivation of interest, we will eventually make our way to success.
注意：1. 无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
2. 除诗歌外，文体不限；
3. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
4. 词数为120左右。今年是不得少于120字
B.请根据以下提示，结合一则人生励志故事，用英语写一篇短文。
Regardless of what happened yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.
注意：
①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
④词数为120左右。
C.请你根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。
A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
--- J. Burroughs
注意: ①无须写标题；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例；
④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
⑤词数不少于120,如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
English composition=紧密相关的20个完成句子 + 插入语 + 高中学过的熟悉好词汇词组衔接词
高分作文必备：
好单词：
1.老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词，因为使用学得比较晚的单词，可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。
(1)adj.困难的 黯然低分词：difficult 闪光高分词： tough 艰难的 challenging 有挑战性的
(2)adj.重要的 黯然低分词： important闪光高分词：vital 至关重要的;essential 必不可少的;
significant 有重要意义的;
(3)adj.美丽的 黯然低分词：beautiful
　　 闪光高分词：appealing动人的;attractive 吸引人的;charming迷人的;fascinating 迷人的
(4)adj. 不开心的 黯然低分词：sad 闪光高分词：discouraged气馁的; depressed 沮丧的;
downhearted垂头丧气的; low-spirited意志消沉的;
2.在阅卷老师看来，活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此，我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法，如：
(5)v. 参加　 黯然低分词：join　 闪光高分词：take part in、participate in
(6)v. 使用 　黯然低分词：use 　 闪光高分词：make good use of、 make the best of
(7)v. 拜访 黯然低分词：visit 　闪光高分词：pay a visit to
(8)最常见的换词手段：形容词=of+同根名词
黯然低分词：Important 闪光高分词：be of importance
(9) v 帮忙 黯然低分词：help 闪光高分词：come to one’s assistance
(10) adv 黯然低分词：finally 闪光高分词： at length
好词汇词组造句
temporary setback
不要被暂时的困难所沮丧 Don’t be cast down by temporary setbacks
Make great progress
你越努力 你取得的进步越大 The harder you work, the more progress you will make
Be bound to do/ be doomed to do
除非我们不遗余力 我们注定是一个失败 Unless we spare no effort, we are doomed to be a failure
Obstacle
任何你遇到的困难将会让你更加坚强 Whatever obstacles you meet with will make you stronger
英语写作中的句式选择,结合平时练习和所学短语及语法运用，总结如下 ：
1. 改变时态
例: The bell is ringing now.     一般     There goes the bell.            特殊
2. 改变语态
例: People suggest that the conference be put off.一般
It is suggested that the conference be put off. 被动胜过主动，讲述理由时更加客观可信
I believe we will win 一般 I am firmly convinced that our efforts will pay off 特殊
3. 改变结构
不定式 例: she work hard to realize her dream 一般
In order to realize her dream, she worked hard 特殊
使用过去分词 Because she devoted all her life to studying, she succeeded. 一般
Devoted to studying, she finally made it
I was inspired by her words and made up my mind to hold on
Inspired by her words, I made up my mind to hold on
I failed the exams many times and almost gave up
Having failed the exams in a row, I almost gave up
形容词作状语
I realized the importance of holding on and decided not to give up
Aware of the importance of holding on, I determined not to give up
Finally, I arrived at the destination
At length, I arrived at the destination, safe and sound / tired but satisfied
使用 v- ing
1. When he arrives，please give me an e- mail．一般
On arriving/ when arriving, please give me an e-mail. 特殊
2. 进入到重点大学是我一直想要的
Being admitted to a key university is what I am longing for
3. 每次看到这样的话语，我都忍不住想起小时候
Every time I saw those words, I couldn’t help recalling my memory when I was young
使用名词性从句             
1.It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up.一般
The fact that he didn’ t turn up disappointed everybody.特殊
2. he is surprised that the little girl knows so many things.一般
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 特殊
他做了他所能做的事帮我摆脱困境
He did what he could to get me out of trouble
从那以后，我不停反思我所做的事情
From then on, I never stopped reflecting on what I had done
使用定语从句 
例; The girl is spoken highly of.
Her composition was well written.一般
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 特殊
Honesty, to which teachers attach great importance, plays a significant part in our daily life
There was a time when …
Thanks to sb, without whom I couldn’t have got through the hard times
使用状语从句
I won’t believe what he says.一般
No matter what he says, I won‘t believe.特殊
时间状语 四个when / 一…就
Be about to do when it occurred to me that
原因状语 thanks to / due to / owing to
让步状语 no matter + wh--/ although/ as/ even if
条件状语 as long as / unless / only if
结果、伴随状语 thus doing / only to do
目的状语 in order to / in an attempt to do
虚拟语气 例: The ship didn‘t sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.一般
But for the efforts of the captain ,the ship would have sunk with all on board.特殊
But for the fact that / had it not been for the fact that …
It is high time that sb should do
使用倒装句型 强调句型 (8个NO)
例：Though I‘m weak I’ll make the effort.一般
 Weak as I am, I‘ll make the effort. .特殊
He finds English is difficult to learn 一般
So difficult does he find it to learn English 特殊
I have never had such an unforgettable experience in my life
Never have I had a more unforgettable experience in my life
His hard work makes a difference 一般
It is his hard work that makes a difference 特殊
使用插入语
To One’s +n (delight, disappointment, surprise , relief)
To make matters worse
What’s more, what’s worse / in addition
In the long run / term
From now(then) on / since then
Meanwhile, therefore, whereas
As a consequence / at length
In a word / in a nutshell/ to sum up
fortunately / from where I stand
As a matter of fact / believe it or not
To put it in another way
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