高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词(二)冀教版.doc

高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词（二）冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：非谓语动词（二）二. 教学过程：5. 过去分词的基本用法：（1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom, the door was locked. （3）作宾补：You must have your hair cut. （4）作状语：Given more time, we can do the work much better.6. 独立主格结构：当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。例如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.（When the bell rang, we all stopped talking.）/There being no bus, we had to walk home .（There was no bus , so we had to walk home.）7. 使用现在分词的几个注意点： （1）作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如： Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.（正）（StandingWhen we stood） （误）Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen. Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having foundAfter/When they had found） Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）（2）短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如： He saw the old man knocked down by the car.（knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knocked down） Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?（bought不可改为being bought或having been bought）现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别： 现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：（1）作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：Do you see the hospital being built there?你看见了那边那个 在建的 医院吗？The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）（2）作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：Being led（Led ）by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.（3）作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。例如：The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.（4）作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 , the bridge was very useful.如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：Discussed（Having been discussed）many times, the problem was settled at last.如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.（5）在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：I have my hair cut.（cut不能改为being cut或be cut）He got his watch repaired.（repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired）（6）在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如The speaker couldnt make himself heard.（一般不说being heard）He wanted his house painted.（一般不说being painted）8. 心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised（因）感到惊讶的，interested（因）感到有兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.She was much surprised at the surprising news.已学的心理状态动词有：astonish, bore（使厌烦）, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move（使感动），please（使高兴）, puzzle（使迷惑）, satisfy（使满意）, surprise, shock, tire（使疲劳）, trouble, upset（使不安）, worry它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report（一个令人厌烦的报告）, a tiring walk（累人的步行）。它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl, /I tired. 但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。三、动名词1. 形式同现在分词，有四种。2. 动名词的基本用法：（1）作主语：Seeing is believing. Its not necessary explaining to him. Talking is easier than doing. /It is no use waiting here.（2）作表语：My hobby（爱好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.（3）作宾语：When he came in, we all stopped talking. /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isnt worth teaching. 注：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第6点。（4）作定语：This is her fathers walking stick.3. 动名词的复合结构：形式：his/him working there, Wang Dong Dong working there语法功能：（1）作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb.作宾语：I dont like his/him staying with us.（2）作表语：My joy is his winning the tabletennis game.（his不能改为him）4. 动名词的完成式： 动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如： We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time. 在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如： I remember lending him some money before.He forgot telling me that. /After finishing his homework, he went out for a walk.5. 动名词的被动式如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。 例如：The problem is far from being settled.动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.【模拟试题】1. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. （NMET88）A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to _. （NMET88）A. sitB. sit on C. be satD. be sat on3. She didnt remember _him before. （NMET88）A. having met B. have metC. to meet D. to having met4. Mother _ us stories when we were young. （NMET88）A. was used to tell B. is used to tellingC. used to tellD. used to telling5. Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. （NMET89）A. to do B. doingC. with D. to be doing6. -What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. It s worth _a second time. （NMET89）A. to readB. to be read C. reading D. being read7. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? （NMET89）A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying8. There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. （NMET89）A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed9. -Good morning. Can I help you ?-Id like to have _this package, madam. （NMET89）A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed10. She pretended _ me when I passed by. （NMET98）A. not to see B. not seeingC. to not see D. having not seen11. _more attention , the tree could have grown better. （NMET90）A. Given B. To give C. GivingD. Having given12.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. （NMET90）A. invited B. to inviteC. being invited D. had been invited13. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. （NMET90）A. so not as to B. so as not toC. so as to not D. not so as to14. She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. （MET90）A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest15. Last summer I took a course on _.（NMET90）A. how to make dress B. how dress be madeC. how to be made dressD. how dress to be made16.The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. （NMET91）A. to prepare B. preparingC. prepared D. was preparing17. She s upstairs _ letters. （NMET91 ）A. writes B. is writing C. write D. writing18. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. （NMET91）A. hear B. to hear C. heating D. heard19. The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behind his back. （NMET91）A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied20. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market, _some bananas and visited his cousin. （NMET91）A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 21 .Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. （NMET91）A. to washB. washingC. wash D. to be washing22. Mr. smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. （NMET91）A. never to drive B. to never driveC. never driving D. never drive23. -The light in the office is still on.-Oh , I forgot _ . （NMET91）A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off24. I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. （NMET91）A. sailB. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed25. -Shall we go skating or stay at home? （NMET92）-Which _do yourself ?A. do your rather B. would you ratherC. will you rather D. should you rather26. _a reply , he decided to write again. （NMET92）A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received27. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. （NMET92）A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing28. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. （NMET92）A. to be taken B. to takeC. being taken D. taking29. -I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change? （NMET92）A. to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going30. I would appreciate _back this afternoon. （NMET92）A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. you re calling31. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. （NMET92）A. The walkB. Walking C. To walkD. Walk32. “Cant you read?” Mary said _to the notice. （NMET93）A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing33.The computer centre, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school. （NMET93）A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened34. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. （NMET93）A. to invent B. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented35. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? （NMET93）A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to be taking36. _ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room. （NMET93）A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn37. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. （NMET94）A. having added B. to addC. adding D. added38. The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. （NMET94）A. having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written39. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. （NMET94）A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived40. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. （NMET94）A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 41. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _a bicycle. （NMET94）A. ride; ride B. riding; rideC. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding42. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right. （NMET94）A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know43. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. （NMET95）A. learn B. to learnC. learned D. learning44. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. （NMET95）A. having met B. meetingC. to meetD. to have met45. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well, now I regret _ that. （NMET95）A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done46. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not to47. _ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. （NMET96）A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose48. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. （NMET96）A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eating49. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. （NMET97）A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone50. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. （NMET97）A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing51. European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world. （NMET98）A. makingB. makes C. madeD. to make52. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult, （NMET99）A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make53. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” （NMET99）A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading54. Ive worked with children before , so I know what _ in my new job. （NMET2000）A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D, expects55.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year （NMET2000）A. carry out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out56. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. （2001 春招）A. To sleep B, Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept57. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. （2001 春招）A. correct B. correctingC. corrects D. to correct58. As we joined the big crowd I got _from my friends. （NMET2001）A. separated B sparedC. lost D. missed59. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （NMET2001）A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered60. Prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002春招）A. are bought B. bought C. been boughtD. buying单选1. _ many times, but he still doesnt know how to do it.A. Having told B. Having been told C. He has been told D. Being told2. -Sorry, but I 11 have to keep you waiting for some time.-Thats all right. I dont mind _waiting.A. keeping B. having kept C. having been keptD. being kept3. -What do you think made Mary so upset?- _her bicycle.A. Losing B. As she lost C. To lost D. Because of losing4. Time must be made full use of _ the Three Gorges Project ahead of time.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed5. Thats the best way we should think of _the dying soldier.A. helping B. savingC. to saveD. being saved6. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. writing B. write C. to writeD. written7. The night club, _ last month, was popular with the college students near it.A. being opened B. to be opened C. to open D. opened8. Children today are still suffering from heavy work, _at preparing them for entrance examination.A. to aim B. aimed C. aiming D. having been aimed9. -What did you hear last night?-I seemed _ someone knock at the door.A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to have heardD. having heard10. Could you give me a hand _ the shopping from the car, please?A. to carryB. for carrying C. carrying D. carried11. Hearing the news, he hurried out, book _on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left, lain open B. leaving, lying openC. leaving, lie opened D. left, lying opened12. She looks forward every spring to _the flower garden.A. visiting B. visit C. p