高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词(二)冀教版.doc

高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词（二）冀教版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
非谓语动词（二）

二. 教学过程：
5. 过去分词的基本用法：
（1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
（2）作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom, the door was locked.
（3）作宾补：You must have your hair cut.
（4）作状语：Given more time, we can do the work much better.
6. 独立主格结构：
当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。例如：
The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.（＝When the bell rang, we all stopped talking.）/There being no bus, we had to walk home .（＝There was no bus , so we had to walk home.）
7. 使用现在分词的几个注意点：
（1）作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：
Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.（正）（Standing＝When we stood）
（误）Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen.
Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found＝After/When they had found）
Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）
（2）短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：
He saw the old man knocked down by the car.（knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knocked down）
Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?（bought不可改为being bought或having been bought）
现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：
现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：
（1）作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：
Do you see the hospital being built there?
你看见了那边那个 在建的 医院吗？
The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）
（2）作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：
Being led（＝Led ）by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.
（3）作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。例如：
The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.
（4）作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 , the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：
Discussed（＝Having been discussed）many times, the problem was settled at last.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：
Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.
（5）在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：I have my hair cut.（cut不能改为being cut或be cut）He got his watch repaired.（repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired）
（6）在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如
The speaker couldn’t make himself heard.（一般不说being heard）
He wanted his house painted.（一般不说being painted）
8. 心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式
所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised（因……）感到惊讶的，interested（因……）感到有兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：
The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.
She was much surprised at the surprising news.
已学的心理状态动词有：astonish, bore（使厌烦）, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move（使感动），please（使高兴）, puzzle（使迷惑）, satisfy（使满意）, surprise, shock, tire（使疲劳）, trouble, upset（使不安）, worry
它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report（一个令人厌烦的报告）, a tiring walk（累人的步行）。
它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl, /I tired.
但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。

三、动名词
1. 形式同现在分词，有四种。
2. 动名词的基本用法：
（1）作主语：Seeing is believing. It’s not necessary explaining to him. Talking is easier than doing. /It is no use waiting here.
（2）作表语：My hobby（爱好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.
（3）作宾语：When he came in, we all stopped talking. /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isn’t worth teaching.
注：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第6点。
（4）作定语：This is her father’s walking stick.
3. 动名词的复合结构：形式：his/him working there, Wang Dong Dong working there
语法功能：
（1）作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sb作宾语：I don’t like his/him staying with us.
（2）作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）
4. 动名词的完成式：
动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：
We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.
在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：
I remember lending him some money before.
He forgot telling me that. /After finishing his homework, he went out for a walk.
5. 动名词的被动式
如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。
例如：The problem is far from being settled.
动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：
I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.

【模拟试题】
　1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ____ up from childhood. （NMET88）
　　A. grow 　　B. grew 　　C. was growing 　　D. to grow
　2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to ____. （NMET88）
　　A. sit　　B. sit on 　　C. be sat　　D. be sat on
　3. She didn’t remember ____him before. （NMET88）
　　A. having met 　　B. have met　　C. to meet 　　D. to having met
　4. Mother ____ us stories when we were young. （NMET88）
　　A. was used to tell 　　B. is used to telling
　　C. used to tell　　D. used to telling
　5. Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one. （NMET89）
　　A. to do 　　B. doing　　C. with 　　D. to be doing
　6. ---What do you think of the book?
　　---Oh, excellent. It’ s worth ____a second time. （NMET89）
　　A to read　　B. to be read 　　C. reading 　　D. being read
　7. Do you know the boy ____ under the big tree? （NMET89）
　　A. lay 　　B. lain 　　C. laying 　　D. lying
　8. There was a terrible noise ____the sudden burst of light. （NMET89）
　　A. followed 　B. following 　C. to be followed 　D. being followed
　9. Good morning. Can I help you ?
　　---I’d like to have ________this package, madam. （NMET89）
　　A. be weighed 　　B. to be weighed 　　C. to weigh 　　D. weighed
　10. She pretended ____ me when I passed by. （NMET98）
　　A. not to see 　　B. not seeing
　　C. to not see 　　D. having not seen
　11. ____more attention , the tree could have grown better. （NMET90）
　　A. Given 　　B. To give 　　C. Giving　　D. Having given
　12.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. （NMET90）
　　A. invited 　　B. to invite
　　C. being invited 　　D. had been invited
　13. Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job. （NMET90）
　　A. so not as to 　　B. so as not to
　　C. so as to not 　　D. not so as to
　14. She searched the top of the hill and stopped __ on a big rock by the side of the path. （MET90）
　　A. to have rested 　　B. resting 　　C. to rest 　　D. rest
　15. Last summer I took a course on ________NMET90）
　　A. how to make dress 　　B. how dress be made
　　C. how to be made dress　　D. how dress to be made
　16.The secretary worked late into the night, __a long speech for the president. （NMET91）
　　A. to prepare 　　B. preparing
　　C. prepared 　　D. was preparing
　17. She’ s upstairs ____ letters （NMET91 ）
　　A. writes 　　B. is writing 　　C. write 　　D. writing
　18. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ____. （NMET91）
　　A. hear 　　B. to hear 　　C. heating 　　D. heard
　19. The murderer was brought in , with his hands ____ behind his back. （NMET91）
　　A. being tied 　　B. having tied 　　C. to be tied 　　D. tied
　20. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market, ____some bananas and visited his cousin. （NMET91）
　　A. bought 　　B. buying 　　C. to buy 　　D. buy
21 .Jane was made ____ the truck for a week as a punishment. （NMET91）
　　A. to wash　B. washing　C. wash 　D. to be washing
　22. Mr. smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking. （NMET91）
　　A. never to drive 　　B. to never drive
　　C. never driving 　　D. never drive
　23. ---The light in the office is still on.
　　---Oh , I forgot ____ . （NMET91）
　　A. turning it off 　　B. turn it off
　 C. to turn it off 　　D. having turned it off
　24. I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. （NMET91）
　　A. sail　B. to sail 　C. sailing 　D. to have sailed
　25. ---Shall we go skating or stay at home? （NMET92）
　　---Which ____do yourself ?
　　A. do your rather 　B. would you rather　
　　C. will you rather 　D. should you rather
　26. ____a reply , he decided to write again. （NMET92）
　　A. Not receiving 　　B. Receiving not
　　C. Not having received 　D. Having not received
　27. The salesman scolded the girl caught ____ and let her off. （NMET92）
　　A. to have stolen 　　B. to be stealing
　　C. to steal 　　D. stealing
　28. Little Jim should love ____to the theatre this evening. （NMET92）
　　A. to be taken 　　B. to take
　　C. being taken 　　D. taking
　29. ---I usually go there by train.
　　---Why not ____ by boat for a change? （NMET92）
　　A. to try going 　　B. trying to go
　　C. to try and go 　　D. try going
　30. I would appreciate ____back this afternoon. （NMET92）
　　A. you to call 　　B. you call
　　C. your calling 　　D. you’ re calling
　31. ____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. （NMET92）
　　A. The walk　B. Walking 　C. To walk　D. Walk
　32. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____to the notice. （NMET93）
　　A. angrily pointing　　B. and point angrily
　　C. angrily pointed 　　D. and angrily pointing
　33.The computer centre, ____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. （NMET93）
　　A. open 　B. opening 　C. having opened 　D. opened
　34. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. （NMET93）
　　A. to invent 　　B. inventing
　　C. to have invented 　　D. having invented
　35. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden? （NMET93）
　　A. to take 　　B. take
　　C. taking 　　D. to be taking
　36. ____ down the radio--the baby’s asleep in the next room. （NMET93）
　　A. Turning 　B. To turn 　C. Turned 　D. Turn
　37. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ____that he had enjoyed his stay here. （NMET94）
　　A. having added 　B. to add　C. adding 　D. added
　38. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. （NMET94）
　　A. having written 　B. to be written　C. being written 　D. written
　39. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later. （NMET94）
　　A. arriving 　B. to arrive 　C. having arrived 　D. and arrived
　40. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river. （NMET94）
　　A. playing 　B. to be playing 　C. play 　D. to play
41. Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____a bicycle. （NMET94）
　　A. ride; ride 　　B. riding; ride
　　C. ride; to ride 　　D. to ride; riding
　42. ---I must apologize for ____ ahead of time.
　　---That’s all right. （NMET94）
　　A. letting you not know 　　B. not letting you know
　　C. letting you know not 　　D. letting not you know
　43. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. （NMET95）
　　A. learn 　B. to learn　C. learned 　D. learning
　44. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. （NMET95）
　　A. having met 　　B. meeting
　　C. to meet　　D. to have met
　45. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
　　---Well, now I regret ____ that. （NMET95）
　　A. to do 　　B. to be doing
　　C. to have done 　　D. having done
　46. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him ____.
　　A. not to 　　B. not to do
　　C. not do it 　　D. do not to
　47. ____ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. （NMET96）
　　A. Losing　B. Having lost 　C. Lost 　D. To lose
　48. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. （NMET96）

　　A. to eat not 　　B. eating not
　　C. not to eat 　　D. not eating
　49. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. （NMET97）
　　A. to go 　　B. to have gone
　　C. going 　　D. having gone
　50. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. （NMET97）
　　A. first playing　　B. to be first played
　　C. first played 　　D. to be first playing
　51. European football is played in 80 countries , ____ it the most popular sport in the world. （NMET98）
　　A. making　B. makes 　C. made　D. to make
　52. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________ it more difficult, （NMET99）
　　A. not make 　　B. not to make
　　C. not making 　　D. do not make
　53. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” （NMET99）
　　A. read 　B. reads 　C. to read 　D. reading
　54. I’ve worked with children before , so I know what ____ in my new job. （NMET2000）
　　A. expected 　B. to expect 　C. to be expecting 　D, expects
　55.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see____ the next year （NMET2000）
　　A. carry out 　　B. carrying out
　　C. carried out 　　D. to carry out
　56. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. （2001 春招）
　　A. To sleep 　B, Sleeping 　C. Sleep 　D. Having slept
　57. One learns a language by making mistakes and ____them. （2001 春招）
　　A. correct 　B. correcting　C. corrects 　D. to correct
　58. As we joined the big crowd I got ____from my friends. （NMET2001）
　　A. separated 　B spared　C. lost 　D. missed
　59. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （NMET2001）
　　A. Having suffered 　　B. Suffering
　　C. To suffer 　　D. Suffered
　60. Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002春招）
　　A. are bought 　B. bought 　C. been bought　D. buying

单选
1. ____ many times, but he still doesn’t know how to do it.
　　A. Having told 　B. Having been told 　C. He has been told 　D. Being told
　2. ---Sorry, but I’ 11 have to keep you waiting for some time.
　　---That’s all right. I don’t mind ____waiting.
　　A. keeping 　B. having kept 　C. having been kept　D. being kept
　3. ---What do you think made Mary so upset?
　　--- ____her bicycle.
　　A. Losing 　B. As she lost 　C. To lost 　D. Because of losing
　4. Time must be made full use of ____ the Three Gorges Project ahead of time.
　　A. completing　B. to complete　C. completed　D. being completed
　5. That’s the best way we should think of ____the dying soldier.
　　A. helping 　B. saving　C. to save　D. being saved
　6. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now?
　　A. writing 　B. write 　C. to write　D. written
　7. The night club, ____ last month, was popular with the college students near it.
　　A. being opened 　B. to be opened 　C. to open 　D. opened
　8. Children today are still suffering from heavy work, ____at preparing them for entrance examination.
　　A. to aim 　B. aimed 　C aiming 　D. having been aimed
　9. ---What did you hear last night?
　　---I seemed ____ someone knock at the door.
　　A. to be heard 　B. to be hearing 　C. to have heard　D. having heard
　10. Could you give me a hand ____ the shopping from the car, please?
　　A. to carry　B. for carrying 　C. carrying 　D. carried
　11. Hearing the news, he hurried out, book ____on the table and disappeared into the distance.
　　A. left, lain open 　　B. leaving, lying open
　　C. leaving, lie opened 　　D. left, lying opened
　12. She looks forward every spring to ____the flower garden.
　　A. visiting 　B. visit 　C. p