配光曲线对光污染之影响+的量化分析.pdf

配光曲线对光污染影响的配光曲线对光污染影响的量化分析量化分析The Analysis of Luminaires Light Distribution for Reducing Light Pollution概述概述Abstract 光污染的四个焦点：Light pollution includes 天空辉光 Sky Glow 光侵扰 Light Trespass 眩光 Glare 能源浪费 Energy Waste 四个焦点在技术上都指向光的控制 All these four aspects should be technologically resorted to the light control 光的控制主要在于灯具的配光曲线设计 Light control mainly depend on the curve of light distribution国务院概述概述Abstract选用不合理的配光曲线的原因很多Many existing facts make us reluctantly to choose the lighting fixtures with unreasonable light distribution curves 设计者没有理解配光曲线的差别；The designers dont recognize the differences of light distribution curves among some similar lighting fixtures 设计者在规定的成本之下无法找到合适配光的器具；The designers cant find the suitable lighting fixtures with adequate light distribution curve especially limited by the budget 施工者与设计者之间没有进行充分的技术沟通；Lack of sufficient dialog and technical communications between the technicians and the designers 很多照明系统的建设队伍并没有受到专业训练。The construction teams dont have been trained to fulfill their professional lighting skills.控光不好控光不好Light not be well controlled天空辉光Unwanted Up-light Cause Sky glow 眩光Wrong position or Angle Cause Glare光侵扰Lighting fixtures without shieldCause Light Trespass能源浪费Unreasonable light distributingCause Waste Energy说明说明claim采用AGI32 1.94版本计算；Using AGI32 version 1.94 to calculate根据厂家提供的最新光度数据；Using the newest.ies data provided by Manufacturers照度根据灯具的初始流明进行计算，不考虑维护系数；Illuminance was calculated according to luminaries initial lumens,maintenance factor does not be considered计算结果考虑场景的反射，收敛系数不大于0.2；The calculated result considered reflection,convergence coefficient0.2简单模拟了物体表面的实际反射系数，所以不同物体的亮度与照度图面上有区别。Simply simulated the surface of the objects actual reflection coefficient,so there exist differences in brightness and illuminance in render images案例一CASE 非截光灯具最容易产生无用的上射光通进而导致天空发亮Its most possible for non-cutoff luminaire to generate the useless upward luminous flux then cause sky glow.这是中等城市的一条小街道This is a street in a mid-sized city比较截光灯具与非截光灯具在相同环境条件下的上射光通量Comparison of the cutoff luminaire and the Non-cutoff luminaires upward luminous flux as generated under the same situation-are quite different 场景 the Scene非截光非截光 Non-cutoff截光截光 Cutoff渲染效果 Rending Image非截光非截光Non-cutoff截光截光Cutoff亮度分布Luminance Distribution非截光非截光 Non-cutoff截光截光 Cutoff照度分布 Pseudo Color Image非截光非截光 Non-cutoff截光截光 Cutoff数据比较 Data Compare非截光灯具非截光灯具Non-cutoff截光灯具截光灯具Cutoff光源/Lamp6*100W金卤灯/MH6*100W金卤灯/MH光通总量/Total Luminous Flux6*9000lm6*9000lm总功率/Total Power6*135W6*135W灯具高度/Luminaire Height2.5m2.5m路面平均照度/Average Illuminance on road22.64lux48.32lux路面最大照度/Max Illuminance on road43lux53lux路面最小照度/Min Illuminance on road10lux40lux路面照度均匀度/Illuminance Uniformity on road0.440.83上射浪费光通比/UWLR(Upward Waste Light Ratio)49.3%0上射浪费光通总量/Upward Waste Light 26622lm0浪费能源/Waste Energy399Watts0若照度相等，则浪费In the case of same Illuminance,then waste800Watts-案例二CASE 即使采用截光灯具，也可能因配光不合适而造成上射光通Although we selected cutoff luminaires,the upward waste luminous also could be generated because ofunsuitable light distribution.这是某高速公路的收费站This is a toll station of the freeway.比较两种截光灯具由于配光曲线的不同而对天空造成不同的影响We evaluate the influence of the two cutoff luminaires with different light distribution to the sky.似乎这个案例对专业照明设计师来说不可想象，但实际上在国内比比皆是，即使是发达的大城市也随处可见。To the lighting designer,this case seems should not happen,but actually it can be seem everywhere in China,even in some developed cities.场景 The Scene对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 Asymmetric渲染效果 Rending Images对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 Asymmetric亮度分布Luminance Distribution对称配光对称配光Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 AsymmetricData in logarithm照度分布 Pseudo Color Images对称配光对称配光Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光AsymmetricData in logarithm数据比较 Data Compare对称配光对称配光Symmetrical非对称配非对称配Asymmetrical光源/Lamp32*250W高压钠灯32*250W高压钠灯光通总量/Total Luminous Flux32*29000lm32*33000lm总功率/Total Power32*285W32*285W灯具仰角/Luminaire Tilt Angle6015路面平均照度/Average Illuminance on road24.98lux43.23lux路面最大照度/Max Illuminance on road47lux71lux路面最小照度/Min Illuminance on road10lux18lux路面照度均匀度/Illuminance Uniformity on road0.400.42上射浪费光通比/Upward Waste Light Ratio 19.1%0.8%上射浪费光通总量/Upward Waste Light1772.5klm8.4klm浪费能源/Waste Energy1742Watts73Watts案例三CASE 当灯光需要向上投射时，截光与非截光已经变得不重要。对于特定的场所采用特定的配光无论对于减少上射光通还是节约能源，都是极为重要的It becomes unimportant for using cutoff or non-cutoff luminaire when the light is needed to project upward.It is very important to adopt special light distribution at special area because both decreasing the upward light and energy saving could achieve though this method.这是某建筑照明，目的是照亮屋檐。其中扁平非对称配光和特扁平非对称配光两种灯具都是经过精心挑选的，不过依然存在很大差别The purpose is lighting the eave.Though both the flat asymmetrical light distribution luminaire and very flat asymmetrical light distribution luminaire are selected aboratively,huge difference still exist.比较四种灯具由于配光的不同而在上射光通、光侵扰和节能方面的影响The compare of four lumilaires upward luminous flux,light trespass and energy saving because of different light distribution.场景 the SceneAB场景 The SceneCD渲染效果 Rendring ImagesAB渲染效果 Rendering ImagesCD照度分布 Pseudo Color ImagesAB照度分布 Pseudo Color ImagesCD数据比较 Data Compare灯具灯具A灯具灯具B灯具灯具C灯具灯具D光源/Lamp8*250WHPS4*250WHPS4*250WHPS4*250WHPS总光通量/Total Luminous Flux8*30000lm4*28000lm8*26000lm4*29000lm屋檐平均照度/Eave Average Illuminance264.03lux271.72lux250.38lux228.55lux屋檐最大照度/Eave Max Illuminance319lux340lux299lux304lux屋檐最小照度Eave Min Illuminance148lux180lux132lux133lux屋檐照度均匀度/Eave Illuminance Uniformity0.560.660.530.58室内天花平均照度/Ceiling Average Illuminance32.89lux10.37lux21.00lux20.04lux室内天花最大照度/Ceiling Max Illuminance39lux22lux24lux22lux侧向浪费光通比/Waste Light Ratio34.2%31.7%40.8%11.5%侧向浪费光通总量/Waste Light82.1klm35.5klm84.9klm13.3klm浪费能源/Energy Waste752Watts349Watts898Watts127Watts等照度能耗比/In case of same illuminance,Energy Consumption Ratio2.061.002.171.19浪费光通量Luminous flux waste有效光通量Effective luminous flux浪费光通量Luminous flux waste有效光通量Effective luminous flux浪费光通的定义How to define waste light ratio？案例四CASES IV光强分布不合理并非指灯具的配光曲线，因为配光曲线本身无所谓合理与不合理。光强分布不合理是指没能够选用合适的配光或没有充分调整不同配光灯具的布局The unreasonable luminous intensity distribution doesnt point to the luminaires light distribution curve,for its unmeaning to the luminaires light distribution curve itself reasonable or not.The unreasonable luminous intensity distribution means the suitable light distribution doesnt be selected or the position of luminaires with different light distribution do not be fully adjusted.这是居民区的一条小巷This is a alleyway of a residential area.比较不同配光对居民的光侵扰The compare of light trespass which generated from different light distribution to the resident场景 the Scene对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 Asymmetric渲染效果 Rending Images对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 Asymmetric亮度分布Luminance Distribution对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 AsymmetricData in logarithm照度分布 Pseudo Color Images对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光 AsymmetricData in logarithm被侵扰立面效果Faade Images 对称配光对称配光 Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光Asymmetric数据比较 Data Compare对称配光对称配光Symmetric非对称配光非对称配光Asymmetric光源/Lamp2*100WMH2*100WMH路面平均照度/Average Illuminance on road41.34lux44.28lux路面最大照度/Max Illuminance on road54lux69lux路面照度均匀度/Illuminance Uniformity on road0.580.59被侵入室内地面平均照度/Floor Average Illuminance in the room11.65lux2.90lux被侵入室内地面最大照度/Floor Max Illuminancein the room21lux7lux案例五CASE 这是某城市的会展中心入口大厅，通过反射方式解决入口的功能照明，同时顶棚需要均匀的照明效果This is the entrance hall of a conference&exhibition center,the using of reflect lighting can not only solve the entrances function lighting,but also achieve the uniform lighting effect top needed.比较两种照明方式的均匀度、眩光、能耗等指标The compare of uniformity、glare、energy consumption etc.of two lighting styles.场景 the Scene400W1000W渲染效果 Rending Images400W1000W亮度分布 Luminance Distribution400W1000WData in logarithm照度分布 Pseudo Color Images400W1000WData in logarithm数据比较 Data Compare400W1000W光源/Lamp54*400WMH16*1000WMH总光通量/Total Luminous Flux1944Klm1400Klm地面平均照度/Floor Average illuminance30.00lux29.79lux地面最大照度/Floor Max illuminance33.2lux33.8lux地面照度均匀度/Floor illuminance Uniformity0.860.77GR平均(GR Average)35.2410GR最大/GR Max54.410能耗/Energy Consumption24.95KW17.04KW结论结论 灯具的配光很大程度上决定了光污染程度；精心的挑选可以带来意想不到的效果；贵的不一定是好的，合适的才是好的，不必为预算所困；“正确的”灯具必须被“正确地”安装才是好的；防止光污染，照明设计师首当其冲。