中考英语总复习之主谓一致-详解与练习.doc

定义：主谓一致是指
1.语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2.意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3.就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词用动词复数。
主谓一致的用法：
1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
例如： The desk is Tom’s. 　这张桌子是汤姆的。
　　Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
　　The students are playing football on the playground. 　这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如：
　　Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：
　　More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
　　Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
　　Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
　　Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
　　Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
　　Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
　　One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
　　To see is to believe 　眼见为实。
　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。
如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.
10. “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。
The Smiths are having dinner.

11. people, police, cattle, poultry等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，
The police are waiting for the boy.

12. 不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：
　　Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？
　　Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
　　Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
　　Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如：
　　No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
　　Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
　　The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。
17. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致。例如：
　　This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。
　　There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。
18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如：
　　The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 　穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。
　　The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
19. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：
　　There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。
　　Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
20 or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：
　　Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
　　Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。
21 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如：
　　Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
　　Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数
Lots of his money is spent on books.
23. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
例如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
　　The writer and the teacher are coming. 　作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
24 family, class, group, team, audience, crow, company, committee等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：
　　People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
　　His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
　　My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
25 none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。
26 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Most of his time is spent on study.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
27.在一些短语中，如：many a /more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than …..of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
More a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city,百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
28.当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Red Star over China is a book known to lovers of English.《西行漫记》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
29.一些有成双部分的衣物名词或工具名词如：glasses, trousers, gloves, shoes, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。若用了pair等计量单位名词修饰，谓语动词的形式由pair等词的单复数形式决定。如：
My trousers are old, I want to buy a new pair.
A pair of new shoes is given to me as a present by my father.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.

专项训练

1. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
a. knows b. know c. have known d. is known
2. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea.
a. is b. are c. were d. has been
3. All but one _____ here just now.
a. is b. was c. has been d. were
4. His Selected Poems ______ first published in 1965.
a. were b. was c. has been d. is
5. When and where to build the factory ______ yet.
a. is not decided b. are not decided
c. has not decided d. have not decided
6. A fork and knife _____ on the table.
a. is b. are c. has been d. have been
7. Where ______ dirt, there are flies.
a. there has b. is c. there is d. there are
8. Each soldier and sailor ______ a rifle.
a. are given b. was given c. being given d. were given
9. My clothes _____ made to order.
a. is b. are c. has d. have
10. The old _____ taken good care of in our country.
a. is b. has c. are d. have
11. More than one person _______ made the suggestion.
a. was b. has c. where d. have
12. Half of the students ______ made the same mistake.
a. has b. have c. is d. are
13. This is one of the best films that _______ this year.
a. is appearing b. appear c. has appeared d. have appeared
14. Something ______ gone wrong with my TV set.
a. has b. have c. is d. are
15. ______ good exercise.
a. Climbing hills is b. Climbing the hill is c. The climbing hills are d. The climbing of hills are
16. Either Tom or I ______ to blame.
a. to be b. am c. are d. is
17. A new type of car ______ now on show.
a. is b. are c. has d. have
18. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _______ not.
a. was b. were c. being d. to be
19. Twenty dollars ______ enough for the coat.
a. is b. are c. has d. have
20. Five minus three _____ two.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
21.All but one _____ here just now.
A.is　　　　　 B.was　　　　　　 C.has been　　　　 D.were　　　　
22.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is　　　　　 B.are　　　　　　 C.am　　　　　　　　 D.be　　　　
23.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered　 B.have offered　 C.are offered　　　 D.has offered
24.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A.is not decided　　　　　　　　 B.are not decided
C.has not decided　　　 　　　　D.have not decided　　　　
25.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A.were , was　 B.was , was　　　 C.was , were　　　　 D.were , were　　
26._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth , is　　　　　　　　 B.Two fifth , are
C.Two fifths , is　　　　　　　　 D.Two fifths , are　　
27.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have　　　　 B.has　　　　　　 C.have been　　　　　　 D.has been　　
28.Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A.stand　　　 B.stands　　　　 C.standing　　　　 　　D.are
29.All that can be done______.
A.has been done　　　　　　　　 B.has done
C.have done　　　　　　　　　　 D.were done
30.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A.has　　　　　 B.have　　　　　 C.is　　　　　　　　　　 D.are
31.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A.has　　　　　 B.have　　　　　 C.are　　　　　　　　　 D.is
32.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A.is　　　　　 B.are　　　　　 C.was　　　　　　　　　 D.were
33.The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A. have been taken in　　　　　　 C. has been taken in
C. have taken in　　　　　　　　 D. has taken in