近五年高考语法填空涉及的语法词法汇总.doc

最近5年高考语法填空所涉及的语法与词法知识汇总
一、代词、介词、冠词与连词等
2019 年
全国卷 I
Modern methods   63   tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
Of   69   nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
全国卷 II
I work not because I have to,   67   because I want to.
When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was   69   joke.
全国卷 III
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack   63   dogs, seven to be exact.
浙江卷
Everybody wears   57   same style of clothes.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer   61   this question is not clear.
▲ 2018 年
全国卷 I
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life   65   walking, cycling or swimming.
If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give   70   a try.
全国卷 II
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over   62   past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water   65   rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
全国卷 III
Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at   62   top of her lungs.
I was searching   67   these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find   68   (they) alive.
浙江卷
Many westerners who / that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap   58   can be to eat out. 　
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home   65   dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
▲ 2017 年
全国卷 I
This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界)   61   a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
As   65   result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
全国卷 II
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and   62   work.
This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over  64   top.
However, the railway quickly proved tobe a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using   67   every day.
全国卷 III
Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as   62   model in New York.
After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree   68   engineering or architecture.
浙江卷
“She thought I had hurt   59   (I),” says Pahlsson.
For Pahlsson, its return was   65   wonder.
▲ 2016 年
全国卷 I
But my connection with pandas goes back   64   my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by   68   (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,   70   other is with mum — she never suspects.
全国卷 II
Most of us are more focused   64   our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for   68   while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
全国卷 III
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,   61    Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere inAsia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat   70   their hands.
▲ 2015 年
全国卷 I
A few hours before / earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with   63   (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away   66   car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
全国卷 II
The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even   62   most modern of architects and engineers.

When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day;   67   the same time, they warm up again for the night. 
答案：
▲ 2019 年
全国卷 I63. of / for  method of / for 是固定搭配，意为“……的方法”。
69. the  此处特指19种被辨认出的北极熊亚种群，因此用定冠词the。
全国卷 II67. but   not … but … 意为“不是……而是……”。69. a  此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。全国卷 III63. of  a pack of ... 是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
浙江卷57. the  此处与 same 构成固定搭配。61. to  answer 后接介词 to，意为“……的答案”。
▲ 2018 年全国卷 I65. than  这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的 more effective可知，此处用 than。70. it / running   give it / sth a try 是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。
全国卷II62. the  此处特指过去的25年。65. than  less 是 little 的比较级，than 引出比较对象。全国卷III62. the   at the top of one’s lungs 是固定短语，意为“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。67. for  此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for 意为“搜寻”。68. them  人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them 在此作find的宾语。    
浙江卷
58. it  分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句中要用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式 to eat out。65. for    go to some place for dinner 去某个地方吃饭。介词 for 在此表示目的。
▲ 2017 年全国卷 I61. as  介词 as 在此处意为“作为；当作”。    65. a  as a result (of …) 为常用搭配，意为“（作为……的）结果”。
全国卷 II62. from   to and from … 可意为“往返于……”。64. the 此处特指前面提到的事物，故用定冠词the。67. it 此处 it 代指 the railway。   
全国卷 III62. a  此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。68. in  degree in +某学科，表示某学科的学位。浙江卷59. myself  此处表示伤到自己，故用 myself。65. a 此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。
▲ 2016 年全国卷 I64. to   go back to 意为“追溯到；回溯到”。 68. its  名词前面需要用形容词性物主代词。70. the  the other 表示两个中的另一个。
全国卷 II64. on  focus on 为固定用法。68. a    for a while“一会儿；一段时间”。
全国卷III61. and  表列举时，最后出现的人或事物前用and连接。70. with   eat with their hands“用手吃饭”，with此时意为“用；使用”。 
▲ 2015 年全国卷 I63. its  此时需要用形容词性物主代词，表示 Hong Kong’s 的意思。66. by  by + 交通工具，表示“乘坐某种交通工具”。
全国卷 II
62. the most 为最高级的标志，前面应该用定冠词the。
67. at  at the same time 为固定短语，意为“不过；也”。
二、从句知识
▲ 2019 年
全国 I 卷
While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence    61    they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
全国 II 卷
Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field,   62     she opened with her late husband Les.
全国 III 卷
They were well trained by their masters    64    had great experience with caring for these animals.
浙江卷
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth   58   gives off light in the dark.
▲ 2018 年
全国 I 卷
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014  66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
全国 II 卷
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program   69   gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
全国 III 卷
I’m not sure   61   is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
浙江卷
Many westerners   57   come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
▲ 2017 年
全国 I 卷
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,   70   is not good for the health.
全国 III 卷
But Sarah,   64   has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to provethat she has brains as well as beauty.
浙江卷
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,   64    it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
▲ 2016 年
全国 I 卷
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,    65    I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
全国 III 卷
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,   67  lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
▲ 2015 年
全国 I 卷
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River   64   are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
全国 II 卷
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly   70   thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案：
▲ 2019 年
全国 I 卷
61. that  此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词that，说明evidence的具体内容，“证据表明……”。
全国 II 卷
62. which  which引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词the pet shop，which在从句中作opened的宾语。
全国 III 卷
64. who / that此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。
浙江卷
58. that / which 根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少引导定语从句的关系代词。先行词是a piece of cloth，为物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用that或者which。
▲ 2018 年
全国 I 卷
66. that / which此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。
全国 II 卷
69. that / which 根据语境“… gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。
全国 III 卷
61. which【名词性从句 / 连接词】根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。
浙江卷
57. who / that  此处缺引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，故用who或that。

▲ 2017 年
全国 I 卷
70. which【定语从句连接词】结合上下文，此处意为“可能二者吃的太多，对我们的健康不利”，且 ...is not good for the health缺少主语，因此应填关系代词which，指代上文提到的内容。
全国 III 卷
64. who【定语从句连接词】分析句子结构可知，主语为Sarah,谓语部分为wants…。“  64   has taken part in shows along with top models,”作定语修饰先行词Sarah，且指代先行词的关系代词在从句中作主语，因此填who。
浙江卷
64. where【定语从句连接词】分析句子结构可知，  64   it remained … 作定语修饰先行词garden，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where。

▲ 2016 年
全国 I 卷
65. when  此处说当时作者作为第一个西方电视记者被允许拍摄一部专题片，报道对在野外险些饿死的大熊猫的救治和看护。考生需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的连接副词，先行词是表示时间的短语，故填when。
全国 III 卷
67. who  空格所修饰部分的中心词为Confucius (孔子)，表示人，且被逗号隔开，因此要填引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词who。

▲ 2015 年
全国 I 卷
64. which / that  (…   64   are pictured by artists…)为定语从句，引导定语从句且表示物的连接词为which / that。
全国 II 卷
70. how  句子中figured out后接一个宾语从句，需要一个引导词，一是修饰thick，二是引导后面的从句，唯有how能担此任。

三、非谓语动词
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive    64    (perform) consistently over a large area.
 Scientists have responded by    67    (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 
全国卷 II
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for   61     (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans    65    (retire) from her 36-year-old business. When we got a call    68    (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 
全国卷 III
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take    62    (get) there. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,    70    (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 
浙江卷
But some students didn’t want     63     (wear) the uniform.
▲2018 年 
全国卷 I
You don’t have to run fast or for long     62      (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of     63    (die) early by running.
 全国卷 II 
Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice   64   (improve) water quality. China’s approach to protecting its environment while   70   (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 
全国卷 III
I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid   64   (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel   65   (challenge). Once his message was delivered, he allowed me   70   (stay) and watch. 
浙江卷
I still remember   59   (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.　　
▲2017 年
全国卷 I
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required    63   (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
 Fast food is full of fat and salt; by    68    (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 
全国卷 II
This included digging up the road,   63   (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 
全国卷 III
But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term   61  (rest).
 But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants   65  (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
浙江卷
Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring    61   (cook) a meal. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got  63   (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. 
▲2016 年
全国卷 I
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter   66  (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include    67    (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.  
全国卷 II
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely   69    (bring) your work home.
 全国卷 III
Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal    63   (create) special designs.
 People probably cooked their food in large pots,     64   (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. 
▲2015 年
全国卷 I
A study of travelers   68   (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people    70    (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 全国卷 II
The adobe dwellings (土坯房)     61     (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without   64   (use) electric equipment.  When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough   66    (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
答案：
▲2019 年全国卷 I64. to perform  该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。67. noting 介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
全国卷 II61. being 介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。65. to retire 名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。68. saying 名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 III62. to get  分析句子结构可知，it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。70. listening  主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
浙江卷63. to wear  want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
▲2018 年全国卷 I62. to see 根据句意 “要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”,  to see 作目的状语。63. dying 介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。
全国卷 II64. to improve  根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。70. feeding  when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
全国卷 III64. looking  avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。  65. challenged  主语 he 与