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Work, Labor, and Play
So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to _________ the essential difference between work and _________. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is _________ by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or for he enjoys doing is _________ by society as of no value or importance.
In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been _________, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a _________ slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the _________ of earning a living and _________ his family. The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely_________ activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.Between labor and play _________ work.
A man is a worker if he is _________ interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view _________ play. Whether a job is to be _________ as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who _________ it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and mental job; a gardener or a _________ may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward_________.
To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to _________ and rest in order to work _________. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives’ birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from _________, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the _________ hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.
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