名词性从句讲解和练习.doc

语法复习专题（11）名词性从句w一、考点聚焦 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用来源:Zxxk.Com名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） （2）whether和if的用法。whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not impor-tant.I have not decided whether to go or not.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.来源:学科网ZXXK（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.来源:学科网You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.&二、精典名题导解选择填空1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)来源:学科网ZXXKA.how B.after C.what D.when解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)A.why B.when C.what D.where来源:Z_xx_k.Com解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。3. I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A.it B.that C.these D.them解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。4.I think Father would like to know Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how解析：答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法，由结构sb. be up to sth.可知，应选what作介词to的宾语。5.We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. that B. as C. why D. when解析：答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识，figure out为及物动词，故此句为宾语从句，从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语，故选why.6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how解析：答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句，全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的，并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语，故选what。练习1. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter2. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A .while B. that C. if D. for4.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if5.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there6.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever7.Can you tell me _ ? A. who is that woman B. who the woman is C. whom is the woman D. that woman is8.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which9.The mountain is no longer _ it used to be. A. which B. that C. as D. what10.Jack said _ to meet the American friends. A. which he pleased B. he is pleased C. at he was pleased D. what he was pleased11.Lei Feng was always thinking of _ he could help others. A. that B. how C. whom D. which12.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived13.The question is _ you should do next. A. what B. that C. how D. why14.I know nothing about her but _ she is from Canada. A. how B. when C. that D. why15.It depends on _ we have enough time. A. if B. if or not C. that D. whether16._ he doesnt like them is very clear. A. What B. That C. Which D. Where17.-The green typewriter is mine. - Do you know whose typewriter _? A. is this blue one B. this blue one C. it is this blue one D. this blue one is18.The reason _ nothing on earth is motionless is _ the earth is in constant motion(运动). A. why; that B. that; why C. of; that D. that; because19._ proves that my advice is right. A. It will happen that B. That has happened C. What has happened D. When it happens20.What a pity _ is _ you didnt arrive by day. A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for21.-I believe _youve done your best and _ things will happen. -Thank you. A. That; / B./; / C. what; that D./; that22.Please give the book to _ wins the first prize. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever23.The fire destroyed _ was in the building. A. all B. what C. that D. which24.The question he asked was _the electrical equipment should be stored. A. what B. which C. where D. because25.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how our village looks like D. how does our village look like26. A mans worth lies not so much in _ he has as in _ he is. A. that; what B. what; what C. that; that D. what; that27._I told you just now was _ had been written in the letter. A. What; what B. That; that C. Whether D. If; who28._studies hard will pass the examination. A. Whoever B. Any student C. Who D. Those who29.Does _matter if he cant finish the job in time? A. it B. this C. that D. he30._ is unknown to us all. A. Where did he get it B. Where he got it C. That where he got D. Which he got it31._ he will be sent to Hainan is certain. A. Why B. Whether C. That D. How32.It isnt decided yet _ we will attend the meeting. A. if B. why C. that D. whether33._ _ they have won the game made us excited. A./ B. That C. What D. Where34.The gentleman insisted that he _ the wallet. A. had not seen B. not see C. would not see D. did not see35.You can write about _ topic you like. A. which B. whose C. whatever D. no matter what36._ think will take care of the children? A. Who you B. who do you C. Whom you D. Whom do you37.Hed like to know what _ today. A. the weather looks B. does the weather look C. the weather looks like D. does the weather look like38.-Is that your watch? -No, I cant tell _. A. whose is that watch B. whose that watch is C. whose watch is that D. whose watch is39.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like40.Id like to know _ tomorrow.A. if it rain B. how is the weather likeC. what the weather is like D. if will the weather be fine41. I wonder _ to come here and get my false teeth fixed. A.I have how many times B. how many times have I C. how many times will I have D. how many times I have42.I dont doubt_ my friend, John will come to China soon. A. that B. whether C. if D. when43.Who is _ spoke first? A. what that B. it that C. it it D. what what44.- Do you see why the machine doesnt work? - Sorry, lets ask the engineer _. A. what is the matter B. what the matter is C. how is the matter D. how the matter is45.You may choose one from _ was left. A. that B. all C. those which D. what46._ get this machine? A. Do you think where can we B. Where do you think we can C. Where you think we can D. Where can you think we47.The point is _ we will have our sports meet next week. A. that B. if C. when D. whether48.He got the highest marks in the exam. It was all_ he has worked too hard. A. why B. which C. that D. because49.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there50.The reason why he failed is _ he was too careless. A. because B. that C. for D. because of AABAB BBADC BDACD BDACB DCBCABAAABCDBACBCBAC DABAD DADBA学科网9