名词性从句讲解和练习.doc

语法复习专题（11）名词性从句w一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用[来源:Zxxk.Com]
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。
（1）that的用法。
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand
wine
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：
It happened that I went out last night.
It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
④that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：
It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句）
（2）whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do
it or not.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not impor-
tant.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：
Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.[来源:学科网]
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：
They put forward the question where they could get the money.
This is the place where the accident happened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.
Whatever you say will interest us all.
&二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)[来源:学科网ZXXK]
A.how B.after C.what D.when
解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。
2. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week..
—Is that _________ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)
A.why B.when C.what D.where[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3. I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)
A.it B.that C.these D.them
解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.I think Father would like to know I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
解析：答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法，由结构sb. be up to sth.可知，应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
解析：答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识，figure out为及物动词，故此句为宾语从句，从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语，故选why.
6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
解析：答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句，全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的，并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语，故选what。

练习
1. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
  A. What   B. That    C. The fact     D. The matter
2. __________ we can't get seems better than __________ we have.
  A. What, what    B. What, that     C. That, that   D. That, what
3.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning gray.
  A .while       B. that       C. if       D. for
4.---Do you remember __________ he came?
  ---Yes, I do, he came by car.
  A. how       B. when        C. that      D. if
5.Go and get your coat. It's ____ you left it.
  A. there     B. where    C. there where   D. where there
6.It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ he or  she  wants.
  A. however      B. whatever     C. whichever    D. whenever
7.Can you tell me __________ ?
  A. who is that woman        B. who the woman is
  C. whom is the woman        D. that woman is
8.The fact ______ she works hard is well known to us all.
  A. that         B. what      C. why        D. which
9.The mountain is no longer _______ it used to be.
  A. which        B. that      C. as        D. what
10.Jack said _______ to meet the American friends.
   A. which he pleased        B. he is pleased
   C. at he was pleased       D. what he was pleased
11.Lei Feng was always thinking of ____ he could help others.
   A. that            B. how      C. whom      D. which
12.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _________  when he  _________ at the party.
   A. left; had arrived       B. left; arrived
   C. had left; had arrived   D. had left; arrived
13.The question is __________ you should do next.
   A. what     B. that      C. how      D. why
14.I know nothing about her but __________ she is from Canada.
   A. how      B. when       C. that     D. why
15.It depends on __________ we have enough time.
   A. if       B. if or not   C. that    D. whether
16._________ he doesn't like them is very clear.
   A. What     B. That       C. Which    D. Where
17.---The green typewriter is mine.
   -- Do you know whose typewriter __________?
   A. is this blue one           B. this blue one
   C. it is this blue one        D. this blue one is
18.The reason _________ nothing on earth is motionless is ___________ the earth is in constant motion(运动).
   A. why; that     B. that; why   C. of; that     D. that; because
19.__________ proves that my advice is right.
   A. It will happen that      B. That has happened
   C. What has happened        D. When it happens
20.What a pity __________ is _________ you didn't arrive by day.
   A. there; because  B. it; that  C. he; when D. that; for
21.---I believe _____you've done your best and _____ things will happen.
   ----Thank you.
  A. That; /          B./; /      C. what; that      D./; that
22.Please give the book to ____ wins the first prize.
   A. who           B. whom    C. whoever       D. whomever
23.The fire destroyed ____ was in the building.
   A. all           B. what    C. that       D. which
24.The question he asked was ____the electrical equipment should be stored.
   A. what         B. which      C. where     D. because
25.These photographs will show you ____.
  A. what our village looks like
  B. what does our village look like
  C. how our village looks like
  D. how does our village look like
26. A man's worth lies not so much in ______  he has as in _______  he is.
   A. that; what  B. what; what C. that; that  D. what; that
27.________I told you just now was ________ had been written in the letter.
   A. What; what  B. That; that  C. Whether  D. If; who
28.__________studies hard will pass the examination.
   A. Whoever   B. Any student   C. Who   D. Those who
29.Does __________matter if he can't finish the job in time?
  A. it        B. this      C. that       D. he
30._________ is unknown to us all.
   A. Where did he get it       B. Where he got it
   C. That where he got         D. Which he got it
31._______ he will be sent to Hainan is certain.
   A. Why          B. Whether       C. That      D. How
32.It isn't decided yet _______ we will attend the meeting.
   A. if         B. why        C. that      D. whether
33._ _____ they have won the game made us excited.
   A./         B. That        C. What      D. Where
34.The gentleman insisted that he _______ the wallet.
   A. had not seen B. not see  C. would not see D. did not see
35.You can write about _________ topic you like.
   A. which    B. whose     C. whatever   D. no matter what
36.__________ think will take care of the children?
   A. Who you     B. who do you   C. Whom you  D. Whom do you
37.He'd like to know what _________ today.
   A. the weather looks      B. does the weather look
   C. the weather looks like D. does the weather look like
38.--Is that your watch?
   --No, I can't tell ________.
   A. whose is that watch        B. whose that watch is
   C. whose watch is that        D. whose watch is
39.No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
   A. what man will look like     B. what will man look like
   C. man will look like what     D. what look will man like
40.I'd like to know __________ tomorrow.
 A. if it rain                B. how is the weather like
 C. what the weather is like  D. if will the weather be fine
41. I wonder __________ to come here and get my false teeth fixed.
    A.I have how many times      B. how many times have I
    C. how many times will I have D. how many times I have
42.I don't doubt________ my friend, John will come to China soon.
   A. that       B. whether     C. if       D. when
43.Who is _________ spoke first?
   A. what that      B. it that    C. it it    D. what what
44.----- Do you see why the machine doesn't work?
   ----- Sorry, let's ask the engineer ____.
   A. what is the matter        B. what the matter is
   C. how is the matter         D. how the matter is
45.You may choose one from _________ was left.
   A. that        B. all      C. those which     D. what
46.____ get this machine?
   A. Do you think where can we     B. Where do you think we can
   C. Where you think we can        D. Where can you think we
47.The point is _________ we will have our sports meet next week.
   A. that       B. if       C. when       D. whether
48.He got the highest marks in the exam. It was all__________ he has  worked too hard.
   A. why       B. which        C. that    D. because
49.Go and get your coat. It’s _______ you left it.
   A. there  B. where   C. there where  D. where there
50.The reason why he failed is _______ he was too careless.
   A. because     B. that     C. for      D. because of

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