高三任务型阅读解题技巧复习.doc

高三任务型阅读解题技巧复习
任务型阅读要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表，并有一定字数的限制。主要考察学生获取信息的能力（对应信息查找题）、组织信息的能力（对应信息转换题）和概括表达信息能力（对应信息归纳题）。
Ⅰ.任务型阅读点评
任务型阅读中的题型主要包括原词重现，固定搭配，词性转换，提炼概括四大类，四种题型难度指数依次上升。
Ⅱ.解题技巧及高考原题分析
一、解题步骤：一般根据题目特点，可分为以下三步：
1）略读—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2）细读—带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
3）复读—复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。
二、解题技巧：
1.信息查找题: 解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如：（1）5W and 1H：who, what ,when, where ,why ,how（2）时间先后: first , then , after ,that , next, finally（3）因果:because , thus , lead to, cause, as a result （4）比较:similarly, differently（5）转折：but, while, however, instead, on the contrary
2.信息转换题
解题关键:是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。
（1）词形/性转换，即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。例如：
①.原文：be responsible for your own learning...（2008江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Take（76）_________ for one’s own learning.
②.Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．（2009江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Messages from others help you(73) who you are．
③. communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．（2009江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Needs and(74) of others should be considered．
④. With all the information available, it's not surprising that people can feel confused.（09安徽）转换成表格中：There is a lot job information on-line, but too much of it may sometimes be (77)________.
⑤. Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. （2009安徽高考题）
转换成表格中：The information is updated in a (78)________ manner.
⑥. You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
转换成表格中：Its vast resources include ways of job (79)_______. （2009安徽高考题）
⑦. It's worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can. （2009安徽高考题）
转换成表格中：The time you spend and the efforts you make will be (85)_________.
（2）句子结构转换: 做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。以2009年江苏高考题为例：
①.原文：But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．
转换成表格中：we are always(71) ▲ in communication with others．
②.原文：we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
转换成表格中：We are constantly(78) ▲ meanings by what we do．
③. 原文：Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
转换成表格中：Yon may redo the conversation，but you(80) ▲ achieve the same results．
3.信息归纳题: 解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，大小适度；醒目性，简洁。
常见概括性词有：原因：reason, cause；结果：result, effect；目的：aim, purpose；方法：measure, solution, way, method；观点：opinion, view, attitude；异同：differences, similarities；优劣：advantages, disadvantages；其它：time, purpose, behavior, feeling。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读特点
(1) 特点1： 容易题比例显著上升；
要招1：两大规律快速解题: 原词重现题是送分题，考生们务必抓牢。易题：中等题：难题=5:3:2这一黄金比例的固若金汤。强调2点做题规律：
规律1：如果动词或介词(或介词短语）后面有一个空格，空格中缺名词或者动词，那么只需在文章中找到该动词或介词（或介词短语）后面的名词或者动词，就是答案。
规律2：如果名词前面有一个空格，空格中缺动词或形容词，那么只需在文章中找到该名词前面的动词或形容词，就是答案。(我们来现场验证一下)
规律1：第76,79,80 题
第76题:Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76) ▲ their magnetic sense.
这里to很显然是不定式，后面应该加动词原形，符合第一点规律，根据定位词pigeons’ heads 在第7段的第一行找到了“One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner.这句话。
第79题:Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ .同样也符合第一条规律，in the direction of后面缺名词，根据定位词rod-like bacteria，swim together in the direction of找到了第10段倒数第一行：He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one direction-north.
第80题:Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) ▲ inside their bodies.同样符合第一条规律，介词to 后面填名词，根据定位词the magnetic stuff 我们找到了“In each animal，except for the bee. the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain.”规律2：第77题:The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) ▲ days. Days前面显然缺形容词，即什么样的天气。根据定位词days和affected 这个否定动词，再根据But这一否定转折连词，我们找到了第7段倒数第二行But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way.
(2) 特点2：中等题比例维持稳定
要招2：准确预测答案词性至关重要:词性转化题在任务型阅读中属于中等题，要求学生具有非常扎实的语法基本功，高考任务型阅读中常见的词性转化方式有1. 名词和动词之间的相互转换2.名词动词和形容词之间的相互转换 3. 动词及其分词（现在分词和过去分词）之间的相互转换，如：第71,73题。
第71题:Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.
And 连接的是两个句子，后面这个句子a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south. 已经有谓语动词lines itself with。 于是a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle是作为主语，a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic是作为needles的修饰成分。 Freely是副词，可以修饰副词或者是形容词，于是我们预测答案可能是副词或者形容词，但是我们根据定位词lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south. 找回原文第三段第二句话：So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south.
第73题”One piece of evidence is the (73) ▲ of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. The后面加名词或者是形容词，但是后面有of结构的时候只能是名词，但是这一名词究竟可数还是不可数，还得看它是具体名词还是抽象名词，如果为后者，那么应判为不可数，于是用原形。 73题根据定位词 between their summer homes and winter homes.可定位至Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes. migrate
(3) 特点3：难题比例下 要招3：语感以及句子/段落意群的概括能力需不断夯实:固定搭配和提炼概括这两类题一般属于难题，高考毕竟是选拔性的考试，这两种题型的设置则容易使我们区分不同层次的考生，今年的固定搭配考得比较偏，要求考生有无比强的语言敏感度，俗称语感。
第72题:(72) ▲ on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. 此题填based on 需要考生充分理解When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.
第78题:The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass
Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ .
Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80)▲ inside their bodies.
此题需要学生结合第79和80题所对应的两个句子，即句子组合形成的意群，以及在此基础上根据定位词 rod-like bacteria还有a chain of dense magnetic particles这两个短语对应到文章的倒数第3,4段，粗读这两段我们会明白它是在讲一个最新的发现；而found ,showed, find这一系列词汇的出现进一步证实了我们课上经常强调的一点：反复重现或同义替换是标题（此题属于段落标题）。

高考任务型阅读精练
1.sb. run out of sth
sb. lack sth./ sth. run out/ sth. is used up
2. use A as an alternative to B
replace A with B
3.no matter what
whatever
4. all over the world
international/worldwide/global/universal
5. stem/appear
come into being/come into existence
6.as well as/in addition to/apart from
besides; what’s more
7.break sth apart
split sth; destroy/damage sth.
8.in the countryside/city
rural/urban areas
9. come out
be published
10. The film is about Shanghai.
The film is set in Shanghai.
11.learn a lot about
learn a great deal about
12.put the books away
remove the books
13.as soon as
immediately/directly/instantly
14. low levels of sth
be not rich in sth.
15. ways to cope with sth
solutions to coping with/how to cope with
16.spread in the same way
no difference in spreading
17. yearly/ every year
annual
18. don’t do sth
avoid doing sth
19. make sb. have the ability to do sth.
enable sb to do sth
20. a growing number
An increasing number
21.more people choose to do sth.
tend to do sth
22. work out a plan
make a plan
23. like sth better
prefer sth
24.The objective of science is the discovery of…
Science is aimed at discovering …
25. protect sth from sickness
avoid or prevent sickness
26. make use of sth
take the advantage of …
27. know the importance of
Be aware of the importance of ..
28. don’t feel motivated to do sth
feel unwilling to do sth.
29. Though/Although sth happened….
in spite of sth./ despite the fact that
30. believe in
trust
31. do A rather than B
do A instead of B
32. sb. be president of a company.
A company is in the charge of sb.
33. become happy
cheer up
34.last only a short time
disappear
35. fail to resist the severe winter
lose one’s life/die
36.abandon
give up
37. go abroad
go to a foreign country
38. be absent from
be not present at
39. absorb
take in
40.abstract
not specific
41.abundant
be rich in
42.accelerate
speed up/quicken
43.have access to sth
have the chance of doing sth
44.accessible
be easy to enter/get to
45.by accident
occasionally/accidently
46.accomplish/complete
get through
47.on account of
because of /due to/owing to
48.account for
make up/occupy
49.bring sb to court
charge sb with sth; accuse sb of sth
50.be accustomed to sth
be used to sth.
51.active
not passive
52.admire
Look up to
53.adolescent
teenagers
54.adult
grown-up
55.advance
move forward
56.have the advantages over
Have the edge over/be better than/be prior to
57.advise sb to do sth
try to persuade sb to do sth
58. affect
have an effect on
59.afford
be able to pay money for sth/be able to buy
60.be afraid of sth
fear sth
61.afterwards
after that/later on
62.again
Once more
63.be against
oppose/object to/disagree to sth/disapprove of
64.allocate sth to sb
divide sth among sb.
65.all right
do(行,可以)
66.alone
by oneself
67.although
despite the fact that/in spite of
68.get angry
lose one's temper
69.announce sth
make sth known to the public
70.annoy sb.
Make sb. angry
71.annual
every year
72.in response to sth
reply to sth
73.be anxious about
worry about/be concerned about
74.anyhow
in any way
75.anything but
never
76.nothing but
only
77.apologize
say sorry to /make an apology to
78.appeal to sb
interest sb
79.appear
come into being/existence
80.approaches to sth.
Ways to do sth./ways of doing sth.
81.on one's arrival
as soon as sb arrived
82.artificial
man-made
83.make an attempt
have a try
84.available
be easily got
86.be aware of sth
realize/know; be conscious of
87. bear a baby
give birth to a baby
88.behind
at the back of
89.believe in
trust
90.besides
In addition/what’s more/moreover
91.block the traffic
hold up the traffic
92.bother/disturb
Cause trouble to
93.brave
have courage to do
94.boycott
refuse to accept sth
95.breathless
out of breath
96.burden
be loaded with
97.calculate
figure out
98.calm
not excited
99.cancel
call off
100.be capable of
be able to
101.care about
pay attention to sth.
102.cater to one's need
meet /satisfy the need
103.cautious
take care
104.hold a celebration
celebrate
105.①.century ②.fortnight
①.one hundred years; ②. two weeks
106. chase
run after
107.cheer sb. up
make sb. happy
108.clarify
make sth clear
109.classify
divide sth into categories
110.collapse/ decline
fall down
bine
mix sth up
fortable
at ease
mit suicide
Kill oneself
pensate
make up for
115.take part in sports meeting
compete in the sports meeting
plete
get through
plicated
not simple
118.concentrate on
focus on
119.be concerned about
worry about
120.conclude
draw a conclusion
121.in good condition
in a good state/in a good situation
122.conduct a survey
carry out a survey
123.be conscious of
be aware of
124.take sth into consideration
take sth into account
125.be consistent with
agree with/correspond to sth
126.consult a doctor
go to see a doctor
127.be content with
be satisfied with
128.contradict sth.
be opposite to sth.
129.contribute to sth
lead to /result in
130. sb. be convinced of sth
sb. believe sth
131. cost sb sth
cause sb. to lose sth
132.count/matter
be important
133.count on
depend on/ rely on
134.a couple of days
several days
135.bring sb. To court
charge sb. With sth./accuse sb. Of sth.
136. cover the event
report the event
137. be crazy about=be drunk with
be keen on =be addicted to sth
138.be critical
be particular about
139.at the critical moment
on the important occasion
140.get cross
get angry
141.at the current time
at present
142.in danger
at risk
143.in the dark
know nothing about
144.turn a deaf ear to sth
refuse to listen to sth
145.deal with sth
do sth with sth; handle/cope with
146.decade
ten years
147.make up one's mind to do sth
decide to do sth/determine to do sth
148.make a decision
decide
149.decline
fall down
150.defeat
win over
151.delay
put off
152.delete
cut out
153.deliberately
on purpose
154.describe
give a description of
155.despite
in spite of
156.deserve sth
be worthy of sth
157.differ from
be different from
158.make no difference
remain the same
159.discourage sb from doing sth
prevent sb from doing sth
160.on display
on show/ on exhibition
161.distinguish A from B
tell from B; identify/tell sth. apart
162.drop some subjects
give up some subjects
163.due to
on account of/owing to/thanks to
164.earn a living
make a living
165.have the edge over
have the advantage over
166.dozen;score
twelve; twenty
167.make efforts for
contribute to sth/be devotedto sth
168.employ
take on
169.energetic
full of energy
170.enjoy doing
be fond of/feel like doing/would like to do
171.ensure
make sure
172.enter
go into
173.envy
feel jealous of
174.escape
run away
175.establish
set up
176.eventually
at last
177.ever
so far/on earth
178.everywhere
here and there
179.exercise
work out
180.in fact
actually/as a matter of fact
181.have faith in
believe in
182.be familiar with sth
know sth well
183.fashionable
up-to-date
184.favourite
like sth most/best
185.fetch
go to bring back
186.be full of
be filled with
187.make fun of
laugh at/tease
188.gesture
body language
189.look at sth angrily
glare at sth
190.promise
make a promise
191.grasp
catch/take hold of
192.gravity
the pull of the earth
193.guarantee
make sure
194.feel guilty of
feel ashamed of
195.do harm/damage to
be harmful for
196.harvest
get in
197.hate
be tired of
198.go hungry
starve
199.ignore
pay no attention to/overlook
200.illegal
be against the law
201.improve
make sth. better
202.incidentally
by chance/accident
203.inform sb of sth
let sb know sth/keep sb. informed f sth
204.for instance
for example
205.put money into sth
invest
206.burst into laughter
burst out laughing
207.at a loss
be puzzled/confused
208.maitain
keep up
209.the majority of
most of
210.manage to do sth
succeed in doing sth
211.mankind
human being
212.matter/count
be important
213.match
go with
214.meanwhile
at the same time
215.mention
refer to/talk about
216.without mercy
cruelly
217.in a mess
in disorder
218.the minority of
a small number of
219.moreover
furthermore/what’s more
220.nationwide
all over the country
221.next to
second to
222.nothing but
only
223.anything but
not
224.occasion
a special time
225.occur
take place
226.in particular
particularly
227.perform
carry out
228.try to persuade sb. to do
Advise sb. to do
229.personally
in person
230.my pleasure
a pleasure
231.popular
be well received
232.take the possession of
own/possess
233.postpone
put off
234.prefer
like sth. better/more
235.be present
be not absent from/attend/participate in
236.be proud o