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2021年雅思阅读分类词汇.doc

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雅思阅读分类词汇——文化类 homogeneous 同质 homo + gene +ous(<> heterogeneous)^ homosexual,heterosexual   mainstream 主流 主流   dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)   discrepancy 差别   misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding   barrier 障碍(物)~ bar,= barricade   discrimination 区别,歧视racial/sexual discriminationß discriminate (+against)   hierarchy 级别制度heir + arch(govern) + y   insularity 岛国性质 (ß insular,^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.   microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)   nostalgia = homesickness   patriot 爱国者 (<> traitor)à patriotic,patriotism   compatriot 同胞 同胞com + patriot   vernacular 本地,本国 本地话,本国话the vernacular languages of India   Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish   immigration 移入~ immigrant,immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant,emigrate)   antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”   permeate 渗入,弥漫Smoke permeated the house.   entrepreneur 公司家 (~ enterprise)à entrepreneurship   practitioner 开业者,从业者praction(practice) + er   celebrity a famous person= luminary,VIP   proxy 代理人   anecdote 轶事 (à anecdotal)   notoriety 恶名 (ß notorious)   counterpart 相应人,对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture,counterbalance   peer 同等人 凝视,窥视(~ peep)   subordinate 下级 下级<> superior   tactics 战术,技巧v.s. strategy (战略,方略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics   nuance a subtle difference in meaning   benchmarking 类比分析   punctual 准时,守时 (à punctuality)   absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeism   flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time   harass 骚扰 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.   redundancy 冗余,冗员network redundancy   downsize 裁人 (~ lay off)   ballot 投票 (= vote)   impartial 不偏不倚 (<> partial)   lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)   shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)   equilibrium 平衡,均衡   questionnaire 调查表,问卷   quantitative 定量 (<> qualitative)   contingency 偶尔性,偶尔事件   incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur,concur,recur   ethical 伦理,符合伦理~ ethics,<> unethical   dubious 疑惑,可疑 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.   manifestation 显示,证明 (ß manifest)   subtitle 字幕,副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary,submarine,subway (BE:underground,tube),suburb(~ downtown,uptown,outskirts)   dubbing 配音录制   vogue 潮流 ^ chic   bizarre 奇异v.s. weird (怪异)   mediocre 平庸   dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet) connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家^ entrée,a la carte 雅思阅读分类词汇——生物/生理类  molecule 分子à molecular   cell à cellular   amino à amino acids (氨基酸)   protein 蛋白质   enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions)   catalyst 催化剂   chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”:Cl   photosynthesis 光合伙用 (photo + synthesis)à photosynthetic   botany 植物学 (<> zoology)à botanist,botanical   flora 植物群   fauna 动物群   bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌   fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌   algae alga (pl.) 海藻   herb à herbal:~ teaà herbicide (^ insecticide,pesticide)   carnation 康乃馨à reincarnation   fade 凋落,褪色   organism 机体,组织ß organ   arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid (↓)   reptile 爬行动物   amphibian 两栖动物   mammal 哺乳动物 (ß mamma!)   primate 灵长目动物   evolution 进化 (ß evolve)   anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”:humankind)~ anthropology,philanthropyv.s. ape,gorilla,chimpanzee   gene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组)   genetics 遗传学 (à genetical)   helix 螺旋,螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity’s DNA   identical 同一~ identity (à ID card)^ clone   mutation 突变 gene mutationà mutable,immutable,mutant   predator 捕食者 (<> prey)   embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽)   roe 鱼子>>> caviar (鱼子酱)   tadpole 蝌蚪>>> frog,toad (^ told)   caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company:Caterpillar (CAT)   grasshopper 蚱蜢,蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper,^ bellhop   cricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球   butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly,firefly   pollen 花粉 传粉à pollinate,pollination   hive 蜂房>>> honey,^ concoction   larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava   pupa 蛹à pupate   penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)   raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)   hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)   torpid 麻木,蛰伏v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)   cerebral (大)脑   hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)   cortex 脑皮层   migraine 偏头疼ß migrant   somatic 躯体   limb 四肢upper/lower limb   anatomy 解剖,剖析   paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate,immobilize)   artery 动脉 (<> vein)   gland 腺体   pancreas 胰   hormone 荷尔蒙,激素   cholesterol 胆固醇   efficacy 功能v.s. efficiency,effectiveness 雅思阅读分类词汇——教诲类 accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board   lodging 寄宿(处)   lease 出租 “for lease”,“to let”v.s. rent   tenant 房客,佃户   landlord 房东 à landlady(f)ß Lord,<> tenant   housemate ~ roommate,dormmate^ schoolmate,classmate   dormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)   au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocal   reciprocal 互相,互惠   hostel youth hostel~ hotel   real estate 房地产   vicinity = neighborhood   flat 平,瘪 flat tire公寓(= apartment)^ condo,studio   bond = deposit   linen 亚麻 亚麻织品,床单(= bed linen)   utensil 器皿   stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)   laundry 洗衣,洗衣店   cafeteria 自助餐厅~ canteen   cater 满足(需要)   aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”:air   badminton 羽毛球(运动)   baseball 棒球 baseball bat   squash 壁球(运动)   amateur <> professional   gathering 约会v.s. meeting,reunion   excursion 远足 (= outing,expedition)   commonwealth 共和国,联邦Commonwealth:英联邦   tertiary 第三After purchasing a house and a car,the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary à secondary à tertiary   post-secondary “post”:afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwar   illiterate 文盲 不识字il(no) + literate(words)à illiteracy (<> literacy)   discipline 学科,纪律v.s. subject   terminology 术语   faculty department and staff of a college/university   dean (大学)教务长   curriculum 课程 (= course)à extracurricular 课外   syllabus 课程提纲   calendar 日历,日程 (~ schedule,agenda,timetable)   compulsory 强制,必修<> elective (选修)   examiner <> examinee^ take/sit,pass/get through,fail,retake/resit   recruit 招生,招募à recruitment= enroll   prestige 声望,威信à prestigious   esteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/company   aptitude 智力SAT:School Aptitude Test   matriculation 录取入学   vocation 职业 (= calling,occupation,career)à vocationalvocational education   TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)   abbreviation 缩略(词)~ abridge (缩短,删节)   transferable (学分等)可转换   scholarship 奖学金= fellowship   tutorial 辅导(课)ß tutor (= lecturer,instructor)   pedagogue 教员,学究~ pedagogy (教诲学,教学法)^ demagogue (政治煽动家)   lexicography 词典编撰 (à lexicographer)   assignment 任务,(课外)作业   dissertation 论文 (= thesis)   credential 证明,文凭 “cred”:creditlinguistic credentials   alumni 校友(男)<> alumnae   overestimate 高估 (<> underestimate)   decipher 解码,解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culture   caliber 才干 雅思阅读分类词汇——环境类 conservation 保护,保存 (ß conserve)v.s. conversation   environmentalist = conservationist   acid 酸 酸 (<>alkali)acid rain   carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide,carbon monoxide   fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke,fog,smog   petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gas   ozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer   ooze 渗出 渗出物   radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive   greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases   solar 太阳 (solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)   phenomenon 现象   catastrophe = disaster,cataclysm   deterioration 恶化 (ß deteriorate)   extinction 灭绝 (ß extinct)   species endangered species   drought 干旱 (^ “找它”)>>> famine v.s. flooding   recurrent 重复发生re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent   inundate 沉没 ^ “淹掉它”   embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)   sediment 沉积(物)= deposit   delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta   alluvial 冲积   desertification ß desert (v.s. dessert)   dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm,brainstorm   barren 贫瘠,不育,无效   dune sand dunethe game “DUNE”!   attributable 归因于be attributable to…   deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)de + forest + ation<> afforestation/reforestation   log 原木,日记 伐木v.s. logo   vegetation 植物,植被v.s. vegetable,vegetarian   habitat 栖息地ß habit (Habit is the second nature.)   ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system)~ ecology   viability ß viable “vi”:life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.   demographic 人口记录 demo(people) + graph(write) + ic   interdependence inter + dependence   counterbalance 使平衡,弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balance   mechanism 机理,机制   precipitation 陡降,降水 (ß precipice)<> evaporation   circulation 流通,循环   tide à tidal wave (海啸)<> ebb <<< earthquake   typhoon ~ tornado,hurricane   meteorology 气象(学)   volcano 火山   eruption 喷发 (ß erupt)volcanic eruption >>> lava   granite 花岗岩   imminent = impending v.s. eminent   Celsius 摄氏 37OCv.s. centigrade   Fahrenheit 华氏   latitude 纬度(另) longitude,altitude   tropical ß (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone,temperate zone,frigid zone   glacier 冰川   dump 倾倒,倾销à anti-dumping   contaminate 弄脏 (à contaminant)   recycle 回收再运用   irreversible 不可逆 (= irrevocable)   reclaim 开垦,改造 à reclamation   contentious 有争议 (ß contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.   opt 选取(+ for) à option   prioritize 优先考虑 (ß prior,priority) 雅思阅读分类词汇——科技类 ubiquitous 普遍存在= omnipresent (^ omniscient,omnipotent)   versatile (人)多才多艺,(物)通用à versatility   alchemy 炼金术   transmute 变形,变质transmute silver into gold (!)   arduous 艰巨 (=strenuous)an arduous task   pitfall 陷阱,未预见之困难   metallurgy 冶金   alloy 合金   aluminum = aluminium (BE)^ calcium,uranium,radium^ copper,brass,bronze   electrode 电极   distill 蒸馏 distilled water   quartz 石英   phosphorus 磷,磷光物质   inflammable 易燃 (ß flame)   combustion 燃烧 (à combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)   ceramic 陶瓷 瓷器 (à ceramics)   insulate 隔离,绝缘à insulator (<> conductor)   fiber 纤维 (BE:fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)   optics 光学 (à optical)   retina 视网膜   iris 虹膜   opaque 不透明v.s. transparent,translucent   microprocessor 微解决器^ CPU(Central Processing Unit),chip   binary 二进制   integrate à integrated,integrationintegrated circuit (IC),system integration (SI)   buffer 缓冲区buffer storage   browser 浏览器 (^ IE,Netscape)   hypertext 超文本   envisage 想象,看作 en + vis(see) + ageThe internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links.   momentous (极为)重要v.s. momentary   reticular 网状   Ethernet 以太网   domain 域 domain names   cyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“:Internet relatedcyberlove,cybercafe,…   patent 专利 (à patented)v.s. copyright,^ pirated software/VCD’s   chronological 准时间顺序 “chron”:time^ chronic,chronicle,chronograph   robot 机器人(“肉包它”)à robotics   artificial 人造,做作artificial satellite/smile   cone 圆锥体,锥形物the nose cone of a missile   Jupiter 木星^ Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn   exorbitant 过度,过度,过高ex(out) + orbit + ant   centripetal 向心(力)<> centrifugal   high-rise 高楼 (~ skyscraper)   cathedral 大教堂   dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)   infrastructure 基本设施<> superstructure   sewage 污水,下水道   hydraulic 水力,水压   landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)   ventilation 通风   thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady)^ thermos,thermometer,thermonuclear   prefabricate 预先制造à prefab (预制)   polytechnic 各种工艺 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic   geometric 几何(学)ß geometry,geo(land) + metry(measure)   asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry(↑)<> symmetry   concave 凹 (<> convex)   bilateral 双边,两方面<> unilateral   paradoxical “似非而是”ß paradox (悖论)   empirical 经验empirical law/formula   clockwise 顺时针 (<> anticlockwise) 雅思阅读分类词汇——心理类 theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory   methodology 办法论 (ß method)   physiology 生理学 (à physiological)   psychiatry 精神病学^ psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis   correlation 互有关系à correlation coefficient   sensation 感觉,知觉 (另)轰动à sensational   perception 感知,认知   intuition 知觉 (à intuitive)   ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Perception)   motivate 勉励à motivation (^ bonus,commission,…)   incentive 勉励因素   stimulus 刺激à stimulate,stimulation   disorder 紊乱,失调   dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function   dissonance 不和谐,不一致dis + son(sound) +ance   trauma 创伤 (à traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11   anxiety 焦急 (= anxiousness)   depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑)   insomnia 失眠   phobia 恐惊(症) à suffix:-phobia   acrophobia ^ acronym:IELTS,TOEFL…   xenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers   claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place   allergy 过敏(症),反感 (à allergic)He is allergic to card playing.   propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency,inclination   paranoid 偏执ß paranoia (偏执狂)   workaholic 工作狂 (ß alcoholic)   symptom 症状   diagnosis 诊断(n.)ß diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily:“The Final Diagnosis”   electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图)   assertive 武断 (ß assert)   therapy 治疗法group therapy   hypnotism 催眠术 (~ hypnotize)   prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe,describe,inscribeà prescription:~ drugs   antidepressant 抗抑郁药   tranquilizer 镇定药 (ß tranquil)   side-effect (+s) 副作用   immune 免疫,免除 (à immunity)   rehabilitation 复原,康复   relapse 旧病复发,故态复萌v.s. elapse^ 子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!   chronic 慢性   adulthood <> childhood   puberty 青春发动期   adolescence 青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood)   emotional <> rational   affective 情感 (ß affection)   sane 神智健全à insane   superstition 迷信à superstitious   telepathy 传心术,通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart)^ numerology,palmistry…   apathy 无感情,无兴趣,冷漠 (= indifference)a(no) + pathyv.s. sympathy:sym(same) + pathy   pathology 病理学,病理,病变   delusion 困惑,欺瞒v.s. illusion   disorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation)~ disoriented   pervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者à perversion   introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾,反省)   sublimation 纯化,升华ß sublime   personality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)   innate 天赋 in + nate(nature)= inborn,congenital   attribute 属性 (à attributable)   trait 特性,品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor
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