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雅思阅读分类词汇——文化类
homogeneous 同质 homo + gene +ous(<> heterogeneous)^ homosexual,heterosexual
mainstream 主流 主流
dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)
discrepancy 差别
misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding
barrier 障碍(物)~ bar,= barricade
discrimination 区别,歧视racial/sexual discriminationß discriminate (+against)
hierarchy 级别制度heir + arch(govern) + y
insularity 岛国性质 (ß insular,^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.
microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)
nostalgia = homesickness
patriot 爱国者 (<> traitor)à patriotic,patriotism
compatriot 同胞 同胞com + patriot
vernacular 本地,本国 本地话,本国话the vernacular languages of India
Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish
immigration 移入~ immigrant,immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant,emigrate)
antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”
permeate 渗入,弥漫Smoke permeated the house.
entrepreneur 公司家 (~ enterprise)à entrepreneurship
practitioner 开业者,从业者praction(practice) + er
celebrity a famous person= luminary,VIP
proxy 代理人
anecdote 轶事 (à anecdotal)
notoriety 恶名 (ß notorious)
counterpart 相应人,对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture,counterbalance
peer 同等人 凝视,窥视(~ peep)
subordinate 下级 下级<> superior
tactics 战术,技巧v.s. strategy (战略,方略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics
nuance a subtle difference in meaning
benchmarking 类比分析
punctual 准时,守时 (à punctuality)
absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeism
flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time
harass 骚扰 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.
redundancy 冗余,冗员network redundancy
downsize 裁人 (~ lay off)
ballot 投票 (= vote)
impartial 不偏不倚 (<> partial)
lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)
shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)
equilibrium 平衡,均衡
questionnaire 调查表,问卷
quantitative 定量 (<> qualitative)
contingency 偶尔性,偶尔事件
incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur,concur,recur
ethical 伦理,符合伦理~ ethics,<> unethical
dubious 疑惑,可疑 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.
manifestation 显示,证明 (ß manifest)
subtitle 字幕,副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary,submarine,subway (BE:underground,tube),suburb(~ downtown,uptown,outskirts)
dubbing 配音录制
vogue 潮流 ^ chic
bizarre 奇异v.s. weird (怪异)
mediocre 平庸
dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)
connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家^ entrée,a la carte
雅思阅读分类词汇——生物/生理类
molecule 分子à molecular
cell à cellular
amino à amino acids (氨基酸)
protein 蛋白质
enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions)
catalyst 催化剂
chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”:Cl
photosynthesis 光合伙用 (photo + synthesis)à photosynthetic
botany 植物学 (<> zoology)à botanist,botanical
flora 植物群
fauna 动物群
bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌
fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌
algae alga (pl.) 海藻
herb à herbal:~ teaà herbicide (^ insecticide,pesticide)
carnation 康乃馨à reincarnation
fade 凋落,褪色
organism 机体,组织ß organ
arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid (↓)
reptile 爬行动物
amphibian 两栖动物
mammal 哺乳动物 (ß mamma!)
primate 灵长目动物
evolution 进化 (ß evolve)
anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”:humankind)~ anthropology,philanthropyv.s. ape,gorilla,chimpanzee
gene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组)
genetics 遗传学 (à genetical)
helix 螺旋,螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity’s DNA
identical 同一~ identity (à ID card)^ clone
mutation 突变 gene mutationà mutable,immutable,mutant
predator 捕食者 (<> prey)
embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽)
roe 鱼子>>> caviar (鱼子酱)
tadpole 蝌蚪>>> frog,toad (^ told)
caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company:Caterpillar (CAT)
grasshopper 蚱蜢,蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper,^ bellhop
cricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球
butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly,firefly
pollen 花粉 传粉à pollinate,pollination
hive 蜂房>>> honey,^ concoction
larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava
pupa 蛹à pupate
penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)
raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)
hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)
torpid 麻木,蛰伏v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)
cerebral (大)脑
hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)
cortex 脑皮层
migraine 偏头疼ß migrant
somatic 躯体
limb 四肢upper/lower limb
anatomy 解剖,剖析
paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate,immobilize)
artery 动脉 (<> vein)
gland 腺体
pancreas 胰
hormone 荷尔蒙,激素
cholesterol 胆固醇
efficacy 功能v.s. efficiency,effectiveness
雅思阅读分类词汇——教诲类
accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board
lodging 寄宿(处)
lease 出租 “for lease”,“to let”v.s. rent
tenant 房客,佃户
landlord 房东 à landlady(f)ß Lord,<> tenant
housemate ~ roommate,dormmate^ schoolmate,classmate
dormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)
au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocal
reciprocal 互相,互惠
hostel youth hostel~ hotel
real estate 房地产
vicinity = neighborhood
flat 平,瘪 flat tire公寓(= apartment)^ condo,studio
bond = deposit
linen 亚麻 亚麻织品,床单(= bed linen)
utensil 器皿
stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)
laundry 洗衣,洗衣店
cafeteria 自助餐厅~ canteen
cater 满足(需要)
aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”:air
badminton 羽毛球(运动)
baseball 棒球 baseball bat
squash 壁球(运动)
amateur <> professional
gathering 约会v.s. meeting,reunion
excursion 远足 (= outing,expedition)
commonwealth 共和国,联邦Commonwealth:英联邦
tertiary 第三After purchasing a house and a car,the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary à secondary à tertiary
post-secondary “post”:afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwar
illiterate 文盲 不识字il(no) + literate(words)à illiteracy (<> literacy)
discipline 学科,纪律v.s. subject
terminology 术语
faculty department and staff of a college/university
dean (大学)教务长
curriculum 课程 (= course)à extracurricular 课外
syllabus 课程提纲
calendar 日历,日程 (~ schedule,agenda,timetable)
compulsory 强制,必修<> elective (选修)
examiner <> examinee^ take/sit,pass/get through,fail,retake/resit
recruit 招生,招募à recruitment= enroll
prestige 声望,威信à prestigious
esteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/company
aptitude 智力SAT:School Aptitude Test
matriculation 录取入学
vocation 职业 (= calling,occupation,career)à vocationalvocational education
TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)
abbreviation 缩略(词)~ abridge (缩短,删节)
transferable (学分等)可转换
scholarship 奖学金= fellowship
tutorial 辅导(课)ß tutor (= lecturer,instructor)
pedagogue 教员,学究~ pedagogy (教诲学,教学法)^ demagogue (政治煽动家)
lexicography 词典编撰 (à lexicographer)
assignment 任务,(课外)作业
dissertation 论文 (= thesis)
credential 证明,文凭 “cred”:creditlinguistic credentials
alumni 校友(男)<> alumnae
overestimate 高估 (<> underestimate)
decipher 解码,解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culture
caliber 才干
雅思阅读分类词汇——环境类
conservation 保护,保存 (ß conserve)v.s. conversation
environmentalist = conservationist
acid 酸 酸 (<>alkali)acid rain
carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide,carbon monoxide
fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke,fog,smog
petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gas
ozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer
ooze 渗出 渗出物
radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive
greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases
solar 太阳 (solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)
phenomenon 现象
catastrophe = disaster,cataclysm
deterioration 恶化 (ß deteriorate)
extinction 灭绝 (ß extinct)
species endangered species
drought 干旱 (^ “找它”)>>> famine v.s. flooding
recurrent 重复发生re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent
inundate 沉没 ^ “淹掉它”
embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)
sediment 沉积(物)= deposit
delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta
alluvial 冲积
desertification ß desert (v.s. dessert)
dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm,brainstorm
barren 贫瘠,不育,无效
dune sand dunethe game “DUNE”!
attributable 归因于be attributable to…
deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)de + forest + ation<> afforestation/reforestation
log 原木,日记 伐木v.s. logo
vegetation 植物,植被v.s. vegetable,vegetarian
habitat 栖息地ß habit (Habit is the second nature.)
ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system)~ ecology
viability ß viable “vi”:life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.
demographic 人口记录 demo(people) + graph(write) + ic
interdependence inter + dependence
counterbalance 使平衡,弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balance
mechanism 机理,机制
precipitation 陡降,降水 (ß precipice)<> evaporation
circulation 流通,循环
tide à tidal wave (海啸)<> ebb <<< earthquake
typhoon ~ tornado,hurricane
meteorology 气象(学)
volcano 火山
eruption 喷发 (ß erupt)volcanic eruption >>> lava
granite 花岗岩
imminent = impending v.s. eminent
Celsius 摄氏 37OCv.s. centigrade
Fahrenheit 华氏
latitude 纬度(另) longitude,altitude
tropical ß (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone,temperate zone,frigid zone
glacier 冰川
dump 倾倒,倾销à anti-dumping
contaminate 弄脏 (à contaminant)
recycle 回收再运用
irreversible 不可逆 (= irrevocable)
reclaim 开垦,改造 à reclamation
contentious 有争议 (ß contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.
opt 选取(+ for) à option
prioritize 优先考虑 (ß prior,priority)
雅思阅读分类词汇——科技类
ubiquitous 普遍存在= omnipresent (^ omniscient,omnipotent)
versatile (人)多才多艺,(物)通用à versatility
alchemy 炼金术
transmute 变形,变质transmute silver into gold (!)
arduous 艰巨 (=strenuous)an arduous task
pitfall 陷阱,未预见之困难
metallurgy 冶金
alloy 合金
aluminum = aluminium (BE)^ calcium,uranium,radium^ copper,brass,bronze
electrode 电极
distill 蒸馏 distilled water
quartz 石英
phosphorus 磷,磷光物质
inflammable 易燃 (ß flame)
combustion 燃烧 (à combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)
ceramic 陶瓷 瓷器 (à ceramics)
insulate 隔离,绝缘à insulator (<> conductor)
fiber 纤维 (BE:fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)
optics 光学 (à optical)
retina 视网膜
iris 虹膜
opaque 不透明v.s. transparent,translucent
microprocessor 微解决器^ CPU(Central Processing Unit),chip
binary 二进制
integrate à integrated,integrationintegrated circuit (IC),system integration (SI)
buffer 缓冲区buffer storage
browser 浏览器 (^ IE,Netscape)
hypertext 超文本
envisage 想象,看作 en + vis(see) + ageThe internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links.
momentous (极为)重要v.s. momentary
reticular 网状
Ethernet 以太网
domain 域 domain names
cyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“:Internet relatedcyberlove,cybercafe,…
patent 专利 (à patented)v.s. copyright,^ pirated software/VCD’s
chronological 准时间顺序 “chron”:time^ chronic,chronicle,chronograph
robot 机器人(“肉包它”)à robotics
artificial 人造,做作artificial satellite/smile
cone 圆锥体,锥形物the nose cone of a missile
Jupiter 木星^ Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn
exorbitant 过度,过度,过高ex(out) + orbit + ant
centripetal 向心(力)<> centrifugal
high-rise 高楼 (~ skyscraper)
cathedral 大教堂
dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)
infrastructure 基本设施<> superstructure
sewage 污水,下水道
hydraulic 水力,水压
landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)
ventilation 通风
thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady)^ thermos,thermometer,thermonuclear
prefabricate 预先制造à prefab (预制)
polytechnic 各种工艺 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic
geometric 几何(学)ß geometry,geo(land) + metry(measure)
asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry(↑)<> symmetry
concave 凹 (<> convex)
bilateral 双边,两方面<> unilateral
paradoxical “似非而是”ß paradox (悖论)
empirical 经验empirical law/formula
clockwise 顺时针 (<> anticlockwise)
雅思阅读分类词汇——心理类
theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory
methodology 办法论 (ß method)
physiology 生理学 (à physiological)
psychiatry 精神病学^ psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis
correlation 互有关系à correlation coefficient
sensation 感觉,知觉 (另)轰动à sensational
perception 感知,认知
intuition 知觉 (à intuitive)
ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Perception)
motivate 勉励à motivation (^ bonus,commission,…)
incentive 勉励因素
stimulus 刺激à stimulate,stimulation
disorder 紊乱,失调
dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function
dissonance 不和谐,不一致dis + son(sound) +ance
trauma 创伤 (à traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11
anxiety 焦急 (= anxiousness)
depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑)
insomnia 失眠
phobia 恐惊(症) à suffix:-phobia
acrophobia ^ acronym:IELTS,TOEFL…
xenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers
claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place
allergy 过敏(症),反感 (à allergic)He is allergic to card playing.
propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency,inclination
paranoid 偏执ß paranoia (偏执狂)
workaholic 工作狂 (ß alcoholic)
symptom 症状
diagnosis 诊断(n.)ß diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily:“The Final Diagnosis”
electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图)
assertive 武断 (ß assert)
therapy 治疗法group therapy
hypnotism 催眠术 (~ hypnotize)
prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe,describe,inscribeà prescription:~ drugs
antidepressant 抗抑郁药
tranquilizer 镇定药 (ß tranquil)
side-effect (+s) 副作用
immune 免疫,免除 (à immunity)
rehabilitation 复原,康复
relapse 旧病复发,故态复萌v.s. elapse^ 子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!
chronic 慢性
adulthood <> childhood
puberty 青春发动期
adolescence 青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood)
emotional <> rational
affective 情感 (ß affection)
sane 神智健全à insane
superstition 迷信à superstitious
telepathy 传心术,通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart)^ numerology,palmistry…
apathy 无感情,无兴趣,冷漠 (= indifference)a(no) + pathyv.s. sympathy:sym(same) + pathy
pathology 病理学,病理,病变
delusion 困惑,欺瞒v.s. illusion
disorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation)~ disoriented
pervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者à perversion
introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾,反省)
sublimation 纯化,升华ß sublime
personality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)
innate 天赋 in + nate(nature)= inborn,congenital
attribute 属性 (à attributable)
trait 特性,品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor
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