1、雅思阅读分类词汇——文化类 homogeneous 同质 homo + gene +ous(<> heterogeneous)^ homosexual,heterosexual mainstream 主流 主流 dialect 方言 (v.s. accent) discrepancy 差别 misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier 障碍(物)~ bar,= barricade discrimination 区别,歧视racial/sexual discriminatio
2、nß discriminate (+against) hierarchy 级别制度heir + arch(govern) + y insularity 岛国性质 (ß insular,^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity. microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os) nostalgia = homesickness patriot 爱国者 (<> traitor)à patriotic,patriotism compa
3、triot 同胞 同胞com + patriot vernacular 本地,本国 本地话,本国话the vernacular languages of India Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish immigration 移入~ immigrant,immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant,emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Ear
4、th“from North America to the Antipodes” permeate 渗入,弥漫Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur 公司家 (~ enterprise)à entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者,从业者praction(practice) + er celebrity a famous person= luminary,VIP proxy 代理人 anecdote 轶事 (à anecdotal) notoriety 恶名 (ß notorious)
5、 counterpart 相应人,对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture,counterbalance peer 同等人 凝视,窥视(~ peep) subordinate 下级 下级<> superior tactics 战术,技巧v.s. strategy (战略,方略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance a subtle difference in meaning benchmarking 类比分析 punctu
6、al 准时,守时 (à punctuality) absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeism flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her. redundancy 冗余,冗员network redundancy downsize 裁人 (~ lay off) ballot 投票 (= vote) impartial 不偏不倚 (<> par
7、tial) lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.) shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.) equilibrium 平衡,均衡 questionnaire 调查表,问卷 quantitative 定量 (<> qualitative) contingency 偶尔性,偶尔事件 incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.
8、s. occur,concur,recur ethical 伦理,符合伦理~ ethics,<> unethical dubious 疑惑,可疑 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result. manifestation 显示,证明 (ß manifest) subtitle 字幕,副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary,submarine,subway (BE:underground,tube),suburb(~ downtown,uptown,outskirts) dubbing 配音录制
9、 vogue 潮流 ^ chic bizarre 奇异v.s. weird (怪异) mediocre 平庸 dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet) connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家^ entrée,a la carte 雅思阅读分类词汇——生物/生理类 molecule 分子à molecular cell à cellular amino à amino acids (氨基酸) protein 蛋白质 enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as cata
10、lysts in specific biochemical reactions) catalyst 催化剂 chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”:Cl photosynthesis 光合伙用 (photo + synthesis)à photosynthetic botany 植物学 (<> zoology)à botanist,botanical flora 植物群 fauna 动物群 bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌 fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌 algae alga (pl.) 海藻
11、 herb à herbal:~ teaà herbicide (^ insecticide,pesticide) carnation 康乃馨à reincarnation fade 凋落,褪色 organism 机体,组织ß organ arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid (↓) reptile 爬行动物 amphibian 两栖动物 mammal 哺乳动物 (ß mamma!) primate 灵长目动物 evolution 进化 (ß evolve) anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”:
12、humankind)~ anthropology,philanthropyv.s. ape,gorilla,chimpanzee gene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组) genetics 遗传学 (à genetical) helix 螺旋,螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity’s DNA identical 同一~ identity (à ID card)^ clone mutation 突变 gene
13、mutationà mutable,immutable,mutant predator 捕食者 (<> prey) embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽) roe 鱼子>>> caviar (鱼子酱) tadpole 蝌蚪>>> frog,toad (^ told) caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company:Caterpillar (CAT) grasshopper 蚱蜢,蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper,^ bellhop cricket 蟋蟀 (另)板
14、球 butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly,firefly pollen 花粉 传粉à pollinate,pollination hive 蜂房>>> honey,^ concoction larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava pupa 蛹à pupate penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚) raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠) hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up) torpid 麻木,蛰伏v.s. torpedo (鱼雷) cerebr
15、al (大)脑 hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere) cortex 脑皮层 migraine 偏头疼ß migrant somatic 躯体 limb 四肢upper/lower limb anatomy 解剖,剖析 paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate,immobilize) artery 动脉 (<> vein) gland 腺体 pancreas 胰 hormone 荷尔蒙,激素 cholesterol 胆固醇 efficacy 功能v.s. efficiency,eff
16、ectiveness 雅思阅读分类词汇——教诲类 accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board lodging 寄宿(处) lease 出租 “for lease”,“to let”v.s. rent tenant 房客,佃户 landlord 房东 à landlady(f)ß Lord,<> tenant housemate ~ roommate,dormmate^ schoolmate,classmate dormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm) au pair A young forei
17、gner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocal reciprocal 互相,互惠 hostel youth hostel~ hotel real estate 房地产 vicinity = neighborhood flat 平,瘪 flat tire公寓(= apartment)^ condo,studio bond = deposit linen 亚麻 亚麻织品,床单(= bed linen) utensil 器皿 stat
18、ionery 文具 (v.s. stationary) laundry 洗衣,洗衣店 cafeteria 自助餐厅~ canteen cater 满足(需要) aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”:air badminton 羽毛球(运动) baseball 棒球 baseball bat squash 壁球(运动) amateur <> professional gathering 约会v.s. meeting,reunion excursion 远足 (= outing,expedition) commonwealth
19、 共和国,联邦Commonwealth:英联邦 tertiary 第三After purchasing a house and a car,the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary à secondary à tertiary post-secondary “post”:afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwar illiterate 文盲 不识字il(no) + literate(w
20、ords)à illiteracy (<> literacy) discipline 学科,纪律v.s. subject terminology 术语 faculty department and staff of a college/university dean (大学)教务长 curriculum 课程 (= course)à extracurricular 课外 syllabus 课程提纲 calendar 日历,日程 (~ schedule,agenda,timetable) compulsory 强制,必修<> elective (选
21、修) examiner <> examinee^ take/sit,pass/get through,fail,retake/resit recruit 招生,招募à recruitment= enroll prestige 声望,威信à prestigious esteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/company aptitude 智力SAT:School Aptitude Test matriculation 录取入学 vocation 职业 (= calling,occupation,career)à v
22、ocationalvocational education TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian) abbreviation 缩略(词)~ abridge (缩短,删节) transferable (学分等)可转换 scholarship 奖学金= fellowship tutorial 辅导(课)ß tutor (= lecturer,instructor) pedagogue 教员,学究~ pedagogy (教诲学,教学法)^ demagogue (政治煽动家) lexicography
23、 词典编撰 (à lexicographer) assignment 任务,(课外)作业 dissertation 论文 (= thesis) credential 证明,文凭 “cred”:creditlinguistic credentials alumni 校友(男)<> alumnae overestimate 高估 (<> underestimate) decipher 解码,解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culture caliber 才干 雅思阅读分类词汇——环境类 conservation 保护
24、保存 (ß conserve)v.s. conversation environmentalist = conservationist acid 酸 酸 (<>alkali)acid rain carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide,carbon monoxide fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke,fog,smog petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gas ozone 臭氧 (o + zone
25、)ozone layer ooze 渗出 渗出物 radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases solar 太阳 (solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar) phenomenon 现象 catastrophe = disaster,cataclysm deterioration 恶化 (ß deteriorate) extinction 灭绝 (ß extinct) specie
26、s endangered species drought 干旱 (^ “找它”)>>> famine v.s. flooding recurrent 重复发生re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent inundate 沉没 ^ “淹掉它” embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment) sediment 沉积(物)= deposit delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta alluvial 冲积 desertification ß desert (v.s. dessert)
27、 dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm,brainstorm barren 贫瘠,不育,无效 dune sand dunethe game “DUNE”! attributable 归因于be attributable to… deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)de + forest + ation<> afforestation/reforestation log 原木,日记 伐木v.s. logo vegetation 植物,植被v.s. vegetable,vegetarian habitat 栖息地ß habit
28、Habit is the second nature.) ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system)~ ecology viability ß viable “vi”:life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis. demographic 人口记录 demo(people) + graph(write) + ic interdependence inter + dependence co
29、unterbalance 使平衡,弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balance mechanism 机理,机制 precipitation 陡降,降水 (ß precipice)<> evaporation circulation 流通,循环 tide à tidal wave (海啸)<> ebb <<< earthquake typhoon ~ tornado,hurricane meteorology 气象(学) volcano 火山 eruption 喷发 (ß erupt)volcanic eruptio
30、n >>> lava granite 花岗岩 imminent = impending v.s. eminent Celsius 摄氏 37OCv.s. centigrade Fahrenheit 华氏 latitude 纬度(另) longitude,altitude tropical ß (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone,temperate zone,frigid zone glacier 冰川 dump 倾倒,倾销à anti-dumping contaminate 弄脏 (à contaminant
31、) recycle 回收再运用 irreversible 不可逆 (= irrevocable) reclaim 开垦,改造 à reclamation contentious 有争议 (ß contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious. opt 选取(+ for) à option prioritize 优先考虑 (ß prior,priority) 雅思阅读分类词汇——科技类 ubiquitous 普遍存在= omnipresent (^ omniscient,omn
32、ipotent) versatile (人)多才多艺,(物)通用à versatility alchemy 炼金术 transmute 变形,变质transmute silver into gold (!) arduous 艰巨 (=strenuous)an arduous task pitfall 陷阱,未预见之困难 metallurgy 冶金 alloy 合金 aluminum = aluminium (BE)^ calcium,uranium,radium^ copper,brass,bronze electrode 电极 di
33、still 蒸馏 distilled water quartz 石英 phosphorus 磷,磷光物质 inflammable 易燃 (ß flame) combustion 燃烧 (à combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus) ceramic 陶瓷 瓷器 (à ceramics) insulate 隔离,绝缘à insulator (<> conductor) fiber 纤维 (BE:fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学) optics 光学 (à optical
34、) retina 视网膜 iris 虹膜 opaque 不透明v.s. transparent,translucent microprocessor 微解决器^ CPU(Central Processing Unit),chip binary 二进制 integrate à integrated,integrationintegrated circuit (IC),system integration (SI) buffer 缓冲区buffer storage browser 浏览器 (^ IE,Netscape) hypertext 超文
35、本 envisage 想象,看作 en + vis(see) + ageThe internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. momentous (极为)重要v.s. momentary reticular 网状 Ethernet 以太网 domain 域 domain names cyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“:Internet relatedcyberlove,cybercafe,… patent 专利 (à patented)v.s. copyri
36、ght,^ pirated software/VCD’s chronological 准时间顺序 “chron”:time^ chronic,chronicle,chronograph robot 机器人(“肉包它”)à robotics artificial 人造,做作artificial satellite/smile cone 圆锥体,锥形物the nose cone of a missile Jupiter 木星^ Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn exorbitant 过度,过度,过高ex(out) + orbit + ant
37、 centripetal 向心(力)<> centrifugal high-rise 高楼 (~ skyscraper) cathedral 大教堂 dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof) infrastructure 基本设施<> superstructure sewage 污水,下水道 hydraulic 水力,水压 landfill 垃圾掩埋(地) ventilation 通风 thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady)^ thermos,thermometer,ther
38、monuclear prefabricate 预先制造à prefab (预制) polytechnic 各种工艺 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic geometric 几何(学)ß geometry,geo(land) + metry(measure) asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry(↑)<> symmetry concave 凹 (<> convex) bilateral 双边,两方面<> unilateral paradoxical “似非而是”ß paradox (悖论)
39、 empirical 经验empirical law/formula clockwise 顺时针 (<> anticlockwise) 雅思阅读分类词汇——心理类 theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory methodology 办法论 (ß method) physiology 生理学 (à physiological) psychiatry 精神病学^ psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis correlation 互有关系à correlation coefficient sensati
40、on 感觉,知觉 (另)轰动à sensational perception 感知,认知 intuition 知觉 (à intuitive) ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Perception) motivate 勉励à motivation (^ bonus,commission,…) incentive 勉励因素 stimulus 刺激à stimulate,stimulation disorder 紊乱,失调 dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function dissonance 不和谐,不一致
41、dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤 (à traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦急 (= anxiousness) depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惊(症) à suffix:-phobia acrophobia ^ acronym:IELTS,TOEFL… xenophobia a fear of foreigners or s
42、trangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症),反感 (à allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency,inclination paranoid 偏执ß paranoia (偏执狂) workaholic 工作狂 (ß alcoholic) symptom 症
43、状 diagnosis 诊断(n.)ß diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily:“The Final Diagnosis” electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图) assertive 武断 (ß assert) therapy 治疗法group therapy hypnotism 催眠术 (~ hypnotize) prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe,describe,inscribeà prescription:~ drugs antidepressant 抗
44、抑郁药 tranquilizer 镇定药 (ß tranquil) side-effect (+s) 副作用 immune 免疫,免除 (à immunity) rehabilitation 复原,康复 relapse 旧病复发,故态复萌v.s. elapse^ 子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜! chronic 慢性 adulthood <> childhood puberty 青春发动期 adolescence 青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood) emotion
45、al <> rational affective 情感 (ß affection) sane 神智健全à insane superstition 迷信à superstitious telepathy 传心术,通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart)^ numerology,palmistry… apathy 无感情,无兴趣,冷漠 (= indifference)a(no) + pathyv.s. sympathy:sym(same) + pathy pathology 病理学,病理,病变 delusion 困惑,欺瞒v.s.
46、illusion disorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation)~ disoriented pervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者à perversion introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾,反省) sublimation 纯化,升华ß sublime personality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格) innate 天赋 in + nate(nature)= inborn,congenital attribute 属性 (à attributable) trait 特性,品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor






