【英语】八年级英语下册阅读理解知识点(大全)经典.doc

【英语】八年级英语下册阅读理解知识点(大全)经典一、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）1阅读理解 Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. The scientists said that these children were often bullied（欺负）by their older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families. You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame（责备）themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy. For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And dont forget-if you are shy, you are not the only one. （1）What is the passage mainly about? A.Happiness.B.Shyness.C.Kindness.D.Loneliness.（2）What does the underlined word genetic in Paragraph 2probably mean? A.Passed down from parents.B.Learned from friends.C.Taught by teachers.D.Made up by brothers.（3）What can be learned from the passage? A.Most little babies are born shy and quiet.B.If you are shy now, you will be shy forever.C.Many shy children have older brothers and sisters.D.Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions.（4）We can learn from the passage that may cause shyness. A.genetics, grown-ups and birthplaceB.genetics, family size and birthplaceC.family size, grown-ups and failureD.genetics, family size and freedom（5）Scientists suggest that shy people can get over the shyness by . A.blaming their failure on outside reasonsB.trying new things and practicing conversationsC.getting themselves away from their shy parentsD.trying to understand reasons for their shyness【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）B（5）B 【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是世界上很多人会腼腆，人们腼腆的表现及人们腼腆的原因和不同的国家的人对于腼腆的理解，和怎样克服腼腆的状态。 （1）主旨大意题。根据文章主题句They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. 可知这篇短文讲的是腼腆，故选B。 （2）词意猜测题。根据 Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness isgenetic. 有趣的是，这些害羞的孩子们通常有腼腆的父母。结果，科学家认为一些腼腆是遗传的。genetic是遗传的意思，故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据 Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. 哈佛大学的科学家研究了腼腆的孩子们。他们发现66%的腼腆的孩子们有哥哥或姐姐。故选C。 （4）细节理解题。根据 As a result, scientists think that some shyness isgenetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well. You may also be shy because of where you were born. 可知引起腼腆的原因是基因遗传、家庭的大小和出生地引起的。故选B。 （5）细节理解题。根据 But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.但是科学家说你能克服腼腆的。他们建议常识新事物并且练习交流。故选B。 【点评】此题考查阅读理解。 首先理解问题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的句子，并理解大意，最后仔细斟酌，找出答案，并核对。2阅读理解 Would you like to have a brother or a sister? Years ago this might have sounded impossible to many. But since several years ago, with the end of Chinas one-child policy（政策）, this could actually happen now. All Chinese couples are allowed to have two children. It means that many Chinese children may have siblings（兄弟姐妹） in the future. What would it be like growing up with a brother or a sister? Having a sibling can stop children from bad feelings, according to Laura Padilla-Walker, a teacher from Brigham Young University, US. Siblings give children something that parents cant, she said. You may not feel lonely at home any more because there is someone to play with you. You can also share secrets with him or her. But children with siblings also have to learn to control（控制） their feelings, said Padilla-Walker. You need to share things with them, such as attention from parents, toys, the bathroom and the TV. There are also unpleasant situations such as competition, name-calling and even hair-pulling. Even the birth order of siblings could matter too. US psychologist Kevin Leman said that birth order decides the way parents treat their children, thus causing different personalities between siblings. Kevin Leman explained that parents are usually more strict with their first child. So firstborns may be perfect because parents set high goals（目标） for them. They usually act well and hope to succeed. When the couple has a second child, they have fewer rules. So late-born children are usually more creative. They also love attention. It is said that many of them also have a good sense of humor.（1）The underlined word this in Paragraph 1 refers to（指） _. A.one-child policyB.having a brother or a sisterC.the end of one-child policyD.being allowed to have more than two children（2）In Paragraph 2, the writer mainly tells us _. A.the advantages of having a siblingB.how to look after a siblingC.how to get on well with a siblingD.the secrets of having a sibling（3）According to Kevin Leman, _. A.late-born children are usually successful at schoolB.having a sibling can stop children from bad feelingsC.parents are usually more strict with their first-born childD.children with siblings have to learn to control their feelings（4）Which of the following best shows the structure（结构） of the passage? A.B.C.D.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】文章大意：中国开放二胎，家里有2个小孩，会使得孩子不感到孤独，父母对待孩子的方式不一样，第一胎较为严格。 （1）推断题。根据文章提到的 Would you like to have a brother or a sister 可知，this指代了上文提到的have a brother or a sister，故选B。 （2）主旨题。根据文章介绍了二孩的好处，不会让孩子感到孤独，可知第二段介绍了the advantages of having a sibling，故选A。 （3）细节题。根据文章提到的 Kevin Leman explained that parents are usually more strict with their first child 可知，父母对第一胎要求严格，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据文章一开始说了二胎政策，然后说了二胎的好处与坏处，可知文章的结构是总分，第二段和第三段讲述了有兄弟姐妹的情景，第四五段讲述了有兄弟姐妹可能会导致的问题，故选D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Adults: $2.00 Children: Over12 $1.00 Under12 Free Opening time: 9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m. Except Friday: 10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m. Attentions: Keep the zoo clean. Do not touch, give food or go near the animals.（1）How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage? A.SevenB.SixC.FiveD.Four（2）Now Mr. Smith is in the zoo with his son aged 10, how much are the tickets together? A.$2.00B.$3.00C.$4.00D.$1.00（3）Which of the following is the visiting time? A.8: 30 a. m. MondayB.9: 30 a. m. FridayC.3: 00 p. m. SundayD.5: 00 p. m. Tuesday（4）From the passage we can guess the animal giraffe must be very _. A.fatB.longC.strongD.tall（5）This passage is _. A.a posterB.newsC.a letterD.a story【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D（5）A 【解析】【分析】主要讲了动物园的一些广告信息。 （1）细节题。根据 Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.可知有大象、老虎、熊、猴子、狗和长颈鹿，六种动物，故选B。 （2）细节题。根据Adults: $2.00 Children: Over12 $1.00 Under12 Free可知成年人2美元，12岁以下的孩子免费，12岁以上的孩子1美元，史密斯先生的儿子10岁，所以免费，所以是2美元，故选A。 （3）细节题。根据Opening time: 9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m.Except Friday: 10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m.可知开放时间是9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m.，星期五10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m.不开放，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.可知长颈鹿俯视你，所以长颈鹿是高的，故选D。 （5）细节题。根据全文可知是广告信息，所以是海报，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。4阅读理解 More than 1,000 different kinds of pieces of plastic, including 115 cups, 25 bags, four bottles and two pairs of shoes, have been found inside a dead whale（鲸鱼） in Indonesia, according to local officials. When the whale was found on the island, it was already decomposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death, said Lukas, the leader of the World Wildlife Fund in Indonesia. The plastic weighed about 6 kilograms, or 13 pounds, he said. But pictures of the dead whale caused a warm discussion. The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. So has the government. Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the worlds second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China. If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need, said Nicholas who is the leader of the Ocean Conservancy. Moreover, eating too much plastic can make them reduce their weight, their energy and slow down their swimming. As a result, whales are easier to be hurt by the sharks and many other dangerous animals in the sea. More than 800 kinds of animals in the sea are affected by about 8.8 million tons of plastic which is thrown away freely in the ocean each year. Plastic can also stop the animals moving freely and sometimes they will cause them to die because they have to be under the water for too long. Some plastic can make a small hole in their stomachs after they eat it.（1）What does the underlined word decomposing in Paragraph 2 mean? A.腐烂.B.吸收.C.凝固.D.飘散.（2）Which country produced most plastic waste in 2018? A.India.B.China.C.Indonesia.D.America.（3）What happens to the whales after eating too much plastic? A.They will feel hungry.B.They will die at once.C.They will eat less healthy food.D.They will attack sharks actively.（4）According to the passage, what can we infer? A.Pictures of the dead whale caught few peoples attention.B.People kill whales because they are dangerous animals.C.Plastic can stop sea animals moving freely, even cause them to die.D.Indonesia government will take action to stop the sea pollution.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】这篇文章讲述在印度尼西亚发现了一头死去的鲸鱼胃里有很多塑料。由此引起了人们对过度使用塑料的反思。 （1）细节题。根据后文So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death可知这只鲸鱼在被发现时已经死了，可推知decomposing描述的是它死后的状态，结合选项，腐烂的意思符合语境，故选A。 （2）细节题。根据第三段Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the worlds second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China.印度尼西亚是第二大产国，仅次于中国，可见中国产生的塑料垃圾最多，故选B。 （3）细节题。根据第四段And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need可只吃了太多塑料，“吃饱了”的错觉，会让鲸鱼不吃健康的食物，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据第三段The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. So has the government.这个国家的人们已经开始意识到这是因为使用了太多的塑料。政府也意识到了，由此可推知政府将会采取措施阻止海洋污染。故选D。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。5阅读理解 Is stress from work or school making you sick? If so, you may belong to a growing number of people suffering from serious stress. Experts have called the problem the Black Death of the 21st century. The original Black Death is estimated （据估计） to have killed 25 million people in Europe in the 14th century. While no one expects stress to be quite that deadly, it is still a serious matter. A recent study has shown that stress can affect our ability to go to work. Stress is now the number one reason workers stay home sick four continuous （不间断） weeks or more. What has led to the growing stress felt in the workplace? The bad economic situation is a major reason. Record numbers of layoffs （裁员） have increased workers worry about losing their jobs. Layoffs have also increased the amount of work workers are expected to do. People then work longer hours, which often creates problems for them at home, causing even more stress. According to Professor Cary Cooper, writer of over 120 books, stress often leads to changes in manner of acting. You may notice that youre having a hard time centering around things. You may find yourself losing your temper （脾气） easily. You might even seem to have lost your sense of humor. Other stress-related problems include difficulty in sleeping, overeating or drinking in excess. Stress must be managed by workers themselves and by the company. Workers can take steps to manage stress. They can create a suitable plan and have breaks from time to time. Bosses can help by showing workers that their opinions may be important. Th